diff --git a/DOCS/_static/index.md b/DOCS/_static/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c8b3a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DOCS/_static/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+\_static
+========
+
+
.. — — basic.css 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 classic.css 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 copybutton.js 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 default.css 28 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 doctools.js 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 documentation_options.js 323 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 file.png 286 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 jquery.js 161 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 language_data.js 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 py.png 695 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 pydoctheme.css 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 pygments.css 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 sidebar.js 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 switchers.js 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 underscore.js 17 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/DOCS/index.md b/DOCS/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5dbc2802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DOCS/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+DOCS
+====
+
+.. — — _static — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 tutorial — Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 right.html 890 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 right.md 123 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.html b/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.html
index 0d11158f..0f5b1376 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.md b/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.md
index 13ba9b50..c31688b0 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/appendix.md
@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](https://docs.python.org/3/using/index.html "Python Setup and Usage") |
-- [previous](floatingpoint.html "15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](https://docs.python.org/3/using/index.html "Python Setup and Usage") |
+- [previous](floatingpoint.html "15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 16. Appendix
+16. Appendix
+===============================================================================================================================
-## 16.1. Interactive Mode
+16.1. Interactive Mode
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ When you use Python interactively, it is frequently handy to have some standard
This file is only read in interactive sessions, not when Python reads commands from a script, and not when `/dev/tty` is given as the explicit source of commands (which otherwise behaves like an interactive session). It is executed in the same namespace where interactive commands are executed, so that objects that it defines or imports can be used without qualification in the interactive session. You can also change the prompts `sys.ps1` and `sys.ps2` in this file.
-If you want to read an additional start-up file from the current directory, you can program this in the global start-up file using code like `if os.path.isfile('.pythonrc.py'): exec(open('.pythonrc.py').read())`. If you want to use the startup file in a script, you must do this explicitly in the script:
+If you want to read an additional start-up file from the current directory, you can program this in the global start-up file using code like `if os.path.isfile('.pythonrc.py'): exec(open('.pythonrc.py').read())`. If you want to use the startup file in a script, you must do this explicitly in the script:
import os
filename = os.environ.get('PYTHONSTARTUP')
@@ -80,12 +82,12 @@ A problem with the GNU Readline package may prevent this.
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 16. Appendix
- - 16.1. Interactive Mode
- - 16.1.1. Error Handling
- - 16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts
- - 16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File
- - 16.1.4. The Customization Modules
+- 16. Appendix
+ - 16.1. Interactive Mode
+ - 16.1.1. Error Handling
+ - 16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts
+ - 16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File
+ - 16.1.4. The Customization Modules
#### Previous topic
@@ -97,20 +99,20 @@ A problem with the GNU Readline package may prevent this.
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/appendix.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/appendix.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](https://docs.python.org/3/using/index.html "Python Setup and Usage") |
-- [previous](floatingpoint.html "15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](https://docs.python.org/3/using/index.html "Python Setup and Usage") |
+- [previous](floatingpoint.html "15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.html b/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.html
index 5106e97b..2d1c5abc 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.html
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.md b/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.md
index 720d093b..da78830e 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/appetite.md
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
-- [previous](index.html "The Python Tutorial") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
+- [previous](index.html "The Python Tutorial") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 1. Whetting Your Appetite
+1. Whetting Your Appetite
+==========================================================================================================================================================
If you do much work on computers, eventually you find that there’s some task you’d like to automate. For example, you may wish to perform a search-and-replace over a large number of text files, or rename and rearrange a bunch of photo files in a complicated way. Perhaps you’d like to write a small custom database, or a specialized GUI application, or a simple game.
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ Python is just the language for you.
You could write a Unix shell script or Windows batch files for some of these tasks, but shell scripts are best at moving around files and changing text data, not well-suited for GUI applications or games. You could write a C/C++/Java program, but it can take a lot of development time to get even a first-draft program. Python is simpler to use, available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Unix operating systems, and will help you get the job done more quickly.
-Python is simple to use, but it is a real programming language, offering much more structure and support for large programs than shell scripts or batch files can offer. On the other hand, Python also offers much more error checking than C, and, being a _very-high-level language_, it has high-level data types built in, such as flexible arrays and dictionaries. Because of its more general data types Python is applicable to a much larger problem domain than Awk or even Perl, yet many things are at least as easy in Python as in those languages.
+Python is simple to use, but it is a real programming language, offering much more structure and support for large programs than shell scripts or batch files can offer. On the other hand, Python also offers much more error checking than C, and, being a *very-high-level language*, it has high-level data types built in, such as flexible arrays and dictionaries. Because of its more general data types Python is applicable to a much larger problem domain than Awk or even Perl, yet many things are at least as easy in Python as in those languages.
Python allows you to split your program into modules that can be reused in other Python programs. It comes with a large collection of standard modules that you can use as the basis of your programs — or as examples to start learning to program in Python. Some of these modules provide things like file I/O, system calls, sockets, and even interfaces to graphical user interface toolkits like Tk.
@@ -30,13 +31,13 @@ Python is an interpreted language, which can save you considerable time during p
Python enables programs to be written compactly and readably. Programs written in Python are typically much shorter than equivalent C, C++, or Java programs, for several reasons:
-- the high-level data types allow you to express complex operations in a single statement;
+- the high-level data types allow you to express complex operations in a single statement;
-- statement grouping is done by indentation instead of beginning and ending brackets;
+- statement grouping is done by indentation instead of beginning and ending brackets;
-- no variable or argument declarations are necessary.
+- no variable or argument declarations are necessary.
-Python is _extensible_: if you know how to program in C it is easy to add a new built-in function or module to the interpreter, either to perform critical operations at maximum speed, or to link Python programs to libraries that may only be available in binary form (such as a vendor-specific graphics library). Once you are really hooked, you can link the Python interpreter into an application written in C and use it as an extension or command language for that application.
+Python is *extensible*: if you know how to program in C it is easy to add a new built-in function or module to the interpreter, either to perform critical operations at maximum speed, or to link Python programs to libraries that may only be available in binary form (such as a vendor-specific graphics library). Once you are really hooked, you can link the Python interpreter into an application written in C and use it as an extension or command language for that application.
By the way, the language is named after the BBC show “Monty Python’s Flying Circus” and has nothing to do with reptiles. Making references to Monty Python skits in documentation is not only allowed, it is encouraged!
@@ -56,20 +57,20 @@ The rest of the tutorial introduces various features of the Python language and
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/appetite.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/appetite.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
-- [previous](index.html "The Python Tutorial") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
+- [previous](index.html "The Python Tutorial") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/classes.html b/DOCS/tutorial/classes.html
index 4a7126be..7ab1f055 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/classes.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/classes.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html#module-__main__"
class="reference internal"
title="__main__: The environment where the top-level script is run."
- >main
main
, so they have their own global namespace. (The built-in names actually
also live in a module; this is called
href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__"
class="reference internal"
title="object.__init__"
- >init ()
init()
, like this:
def __init__(self):
@@ -565,20 +562,14 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__"
class="reference internal"
title="object.__init__"
- >init ()
init()
method, class instantiation automatically invokes
init ()
init()
for the newly-created class instance. So in this example, a new,
initialized instance can be obtained by:
@@ -590,10 +581,7 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__"
class="reference internal"
title="object.__init__"
- >init ()
init()
method may have arguments for greater flexibility. In that case, arguments
given to the class instantiation operator are passed on to
@@ -601,10 +589,7 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__"
class="reference internal"
title="object.__init__"
- >init ()
init()
. For example,
>>> class Complex:
@@ -1288,8 +1273,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="iterator.__next__"
>next ()
next ()
which accesses elements in the container one at a time. When there are no
@@ -1299,8 +1283,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="iterator.__next__"
>next ()
next ()
raises a
@@ -1319,8 +1302,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="iterator.__next__"
>next ()
next ()
method using the
@@ -1357,8 +1339,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="object.__iter__"
>iter ()
iter ()
method which returns an object with a
@@ -1367,8 +1348,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="iterator.__next__"
>next ()
next ()
method. If the class defines __next__()
, then
@@ -1377,8 +1357,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="object.__iter__"
>iter ()
iter ()
can just return self
:
@@ -1465,8 +1444,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="object.__iter__"
>iter ()
iter ()
and
@@ -1475,8 +1453,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="generator.__next__"
>next ()
next ()
methods are created automatically.
@@ -1544,7 +1521,7 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#object.__dict__"
class="reference internal"
title="object.__dict__"
- >dict
dict
which returns the dictionary used to implement the module’s namespace; the
name
@@ -1552,7 +1529,7 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#object.__dict__"
class="reference internal"
title="object.__dict__"
- >dict
dict
is an attribute but not a global name. Obviously, using this violates the
abstraction of namespace implementation, and should be restricted to
@@ -1712,7 +1689,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/classes.md b/DOCS/tutorial/classes.md
index 38e170b8..b9fd1c8e 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/classes.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/classes.md
@@ -1,44 +1,47 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](stdlib.html "10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library") |
-- [previous](errors.html "8. Errors and Exceptions") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](stdlib.html "10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library") |
+- [previous](errors.html "8. Errors and Exceptions") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 9. Classes
+9. Classes
+============================================================================================================================
-Classes provide a means of bundling data and functionality together. Creating a new class creates a new _type_ of object, allowing new _instances_ of that type to be made. Each class instance can have attributes attached to it for maintaining its state. Class instances can also have methods (defined by its class) for modifying its state.
+Classes provide a means of bundling data and functionality together. Creating a new class creates a new *type* of object, allowing new *instances* of that type to be made. Each class instance can have attributes attached to it for maintaining its state. Class instances can also have methods (defined by its class) for modifying its state.
Compared with other programming languages, Python’s class mechanism adds classes with a minimum of new syntax and semantics. It is a mixture of the class mechanisms found in C++ and Modula-3. Python classes provide all the standard features of Object Oriented Programming: the class inheritance mechanism allows multiple base classes, a derived class can override any methods of its base class or classes, and a method can call the method of a base class with the same name. Objects can contain arbitrary amounts and kinds of data. As is true for modules, classes partake of the dynamic nature of Python: they are created at runtime, and can be modified further after creation.
-In C++ terminology, normally class members (including the data members) are _public_ (except see below Private Variables ), and all member functions are _virtual_. As in Modula-3, there are no shorthands for referencing the object’s members from its methods: the method function is declared with an explicit first argument representing the object, which is provided implicitly by the call. As in Smalltalk, classes themselves are objects. This provides semantics for importing and renaming. Unlike C++ and Modula-3, built-in types can be used as base classes for extension by the user. Also, like in C++, most built-in operators with special syntax (arithmetic operators, subscripting etc.) can be redefined for class instances.
+In C++ terminology, normally class members (including the data members) are *public* (except see below Private Variables ), and all member functions are *virtual*. As in Modula-3, there are no shorthands for referencing the object’s members from its methods: the method function is declared with an explicit first argument representing the object, which is provided implicitly by the call. As in Smalltalk, classes themselves are objects. This provides semantics for importing and renaming. Unlike C++ and Modula-3, built-in types can be used as base classes for extension by the user. Also, like in C++, most built-in operators with special syntax (arithmetic operators, subscripting etc.) can be redefined for class instances.
(Lacking universally accepted terminology to talk about classes, I will make occasional use of Smalltalk and C++ terms. I would use Modula-3 terms, since its object-oriented semantics are closer to those of Python than C++, but I expect that few readers have heard of it.)
-## 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
+9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Objects have individuality, and multiple names (in multiple scopes) can be bound to the same object. This is known as aliasing in other languages. This is usually not appreciated on a first glance at Python, and can be safely ignored when dealing with immutable basic types (numbers, strings, tuples). However, aliasing has a possibly surprising effect on the semantics of Python code involving mutable objects such as lists, dictionaries, and most other types. This is usually used to the benefit of the program, since aliases behave like pointers in some respects. For example, passing an object is cheap since only a pointer is passed by the implementation; and if a function modifies an object passed as an argument, the caller will see the change — this eliminates the need for two different argument passing mechanisms as in Pascal.
-## 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
+9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before introducing classes, I first have to tell you something about Python’s scope rules. Class definitions play some neat tricks with namespaces, and you need to know how scopes and namespaces work to fully understand what’s going on. Incidentally, knowledge about this subject is useful for any advanced Python programmer.
Let’s begin with some definitions.
-A _namespace_ is a mapping from names to objects. Most namespaces are currently implemented as Python dictionaries, but that’s normally not noticeable in any way (except for performance), and it may change in the future. Examples of namespaces are: the set of built-in names (containing functions such as abs ()
, and built-in exception names); the global names in a module; and the local names in a function invocation. In a sense the set of attributes of an object also form a namespace. The important thing to know about namespaces is that there is absolutely no relation between names in different namespaces; for instance, two different modules may both define a function `maximize` without confusion — users of the modules must prefix it with the module name.
+A *namespace* is a mapping from names to objects. Most namespaces are currently implemented as Python dictionaries, but that’s normally not noticeable in any way (except for performance), and it may change in the future. Examples of namespaces are: the set of built-in names (containing functions such as abs ()
, and built-in exception names); the global names in a module; and the local names in a function invocation. In a sense the set of attributes of an object also form a namespace. The important thing to know about namespaces is that there is absolutely no relation between names in different namespaces; for instance, two different modules may both define a function `maximize` without confusion — users of the modules must prefix it with the module name.
-By the way, I use the word _attribute_ for any name following a dot — for example, in the expression `z.real`, `real` is an attribute of the object `z`. Strictly speaking, references to names in modules are attribute references: in the expression `modname.funcname`, `modname` is a module object and `funcname` is an attribute of it. In this case there happens to be a straightforward mapping between the module’s attributes and the global names defined in the module: they share the same namespace!
+By the way, I use the word *attribute* for any name following a dot — for example, in the expression `z.real`, `real` is an attribute of the object `z`. Strictly speaking, references to names in modules are attribute references: in the expression `modname.funcname`, `modname` is a module object and `funcname` is an attribute of it. In this case there happens to be a straightforward mapping between the module’s attributes and the global names defined in the module: they share the same namespace!
Attributes may be read-only or writable. In the latter case, assignment to attributes is possible. Module attributes are writable: you can write `modname.the_answer = 42`. Writable attributes may also be deleted with the del
statement. For example, `del modname.the_answer` will remove the attribute `the_answer` from the object named by `modname`.
@@ -46,19 +49,19 @@ Namespaces are created at different moments and have different lifetimes. The na
The local namespace for a function is created when the function is called, and deleted when the function returns or raises an exception that is not handled within the function. (Actually, forgetting would be a better way to describe what actually happens.) Of course, recursive invocations each have their own local namespace.
-A _scope_ is a textual region of a Python program where a namespace is directly accessible. “Directly accessible” here means that an unqualified reference to a name attempts to find the name in the namespace.
+A *scope* is a textual region of a Python program where a namespace is directly accessible. “Directly accessible” here means that an unqualified reference to a name attempts to find the name in the namespace.
Although scopes are determined statically, they are used dynamically. At any time during execution, there are 3 or 4 nested scopes whose namespaces are directly accessible:
-- the innermost scope, which is searched first, contains the local names
+- the innermost scope, which is searched first, contains the local names
-- the scopes of any enclosing functions, which are searched starting with the nearest enclosing scope, contains non-local, but also non-global names
+- the scopes of any enclosing functions, which are searched starting with the nearest enclosing scope, contains non-local, but also non-global names
-- the next-to-last scope contains the current module’s global names
+- the next-to-last scope contains the current module’s global names
-- the outermost scope (searched last) is the namespace containing built-in names
+- the outermost scope (searched last) is the namespace containing built-in names
-If a name is declared global, then all references and assignments go directly to the middle scope containing the module’s global names. To rebind variables found outside of the innermost scope, the nonlocal
statement can be used; if not declared nonlocal, those variables are read-only (an attempt to write to such a variable will simply create a _new_ local variable in the innermost scope, leaving the identically named outer variable unchanged).
+If a name is declared global, then all references and assignments go directly to the middle scope containing the module’s global names. To rebind variables found outside of the innermost scope, the nonlocal
statement can be used; if not declared nonlocal, those variables are read-only (an attempt to write to such a variable will simply create a *new* local variable in the innermost scope, leaving the identically named outer variable unchanged).
Usually, the local scope references the local names of the (textually) current function. Outside functions, the local scope references the same namespace as the global scope: the module’s namespace. Class definitions place yet another namespace in the local scope.
@@ -104,13 +107,14 @@ The output of the example code is:
After global assignment: nonlocal spam
In global scope: global spam
-Note how the _local_ assignment (which is default) didn’t change _scope_test_’s binding of _spam_. The nonlocal
assignment changed _scope_test_’s binding of _spam_, and the global
assignment changed the module-level binding.
+Note how the *local* assignment (which is default) didn’t change *scope\_test*’s binding of *spam*. The nonlocal
assignment changed *scope\_test*’s binding of *spam*, and the global
assignment changed the module-level binding.
-You can also see that there was no previous binding for _spam_ before the global
assignment.
+You can also see that there was no previous binding for *spam* before the global
assignment.
-## 9.3. A First Look at Classes
+9.3. A First Look at Classes
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Classes introduce a little bit of new syntax, three new object types, and some new semantics.
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ In practice, the statements inside a class definition will usually be function d
When a class definition is entered, a new namespace is created, and used as the local scope — thus, all assignments to local variables go into this new namespace. In particular, function definitions bind the name of the new function here.
-When a class definition is left normally (via the end), a _class object_ is created. This is basically a wrapper around the contents of the namespace created by the class definition; we’ll learn more about class objects in the next section. The original local scope (the one in effect just before the class definition was entered) is reinstated, and the class object is bound here to the class name given in the class definition header (`ClassName` in the example).
+When a class definition is left normally (via the end), a *class object* is created. This is basically a wrapper around the contents of the namespace created by the class definition; we’ll learn more about class objects in the next section. The original local scope (the one in effect just before the class definition was entered) is reinstated, and the class object is bound here to the class name given in the class definition header (`ClassName` in the example).
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ When a class definition is left normally (via the end), a _class object_ is crea
Class objects support two kinds of operations: attribute references and instantiation.
-_Attribute references_ use the standard syntax used for all attribute references in Python: `obj.name`. Valid attribute names are all the names that were in the class’s namespace when the class object was created. So, if the class definition looked like this:
+*Attribute references* use the standard syntax used for all attribute references in Python: `obj.name`. Valid attribute names are all the names that were in the class’s namespace when the class object was created. So, if the class definition looked like this:
class MyClass:
"""A simple example class"""
@@ -152,11 +156,11 @@ _Attribute references_ use the standard syntax used for all attribute references
then `MyClass.i` and `MyClass.f` are valid attribute references, returning an integer and a function object, respectively. Class attributes can also be assigned to, so you can change the value of `MyClass.i` by assignment. `__doc__` is also a valid attribute, returning the docstring belonging to the class: `"A simple example class"`.
-Class _instantiation_ uses function notation. Just pretend that the class object is a parameterless function that returns a new instance of the class. For example (assuming the above class):
+Class *instantiation* uses function notation. Just pretend that the class object is a parameterless function that returns a new instance of the class. For example (assuming the above class):
x = MyClass()
-creates a new _instance_ of the class and assigns this object to the local variable `x`.
+creates a new *instance* of the class and assigns this object to the local variable `x`.
The instantiation operation (“calling” a class object) creates an empty object. Many classes like to create objects with instances customized to a specific initial state. Therefore a class may define a special method named init()
, like this:
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@ Of course, the
@@ -214,7 +218,7 @@ will continue to print `hello world` until the end of time.
What exactly happens when a method is called? You may have noticed that `x.f()` was called without an argument above, even though the function definition for `f()` specified an argument. What happened to the argument? Surely Python raises an exception when a function that requires an argument is called without any — even if the argument isn’t actually used…
-Actually, you may have guessed the answer: the special thing about methods is that the instance object is passed as the first argument of the function. In our example, the call `x.f()` is exactly equivalent to `MyClass.f(x)`. In general, calling a method with a list of _n_ arguments is equivalent to calling the corresponding function with an argument list that is created by inserting the method’s instance object before the first argument.
+Actually, you may have guessed the answer: the special thing about methods is that the instance object is passed as the first argument of the function. In our example, the call `x.f()` is exactly equivalent to `MyClass.f(x)`. In general, calling a method with a list of *n* arguments is equivalent to calling the corresponding function with an argument list that is created by inserting the method’s instance object before the first argument.
If you still don’t understand how methods work, a look at the implementation can perhaps clarify matters. When a non-data attribute of an instance is referenced, the instance’s class is searched. If the name denotes a valid class attribute that is a function object, a method object is created by packing (pointers to) the instance object and the function object just found together in an abstract object: this is the method object. When the method object is called with an argument list, a new argument list is constructed from the instance object and the argument list, and the function object is called with this new argument list.
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ Generally speaking, instance variables are for data unique to each instance and
>>> e.name # unique to e
'Buddy'
-As discussed in A Word About Names and Objects , shared data can have possibly surprising effects with involving mutable objects such as lists and dictionaries. For example, the _tricks_ list in the following code should not be used as a class variable because just a single list would be shared by all _Dog_ instances:
+As discussed in A Word About Names and Objects , shared data can have possibly surprising effects with involving mutable objects such as lists and dictionaries. For example, the *tricks* list in the following code should not be used as a class variable because just a single list would be shared by all *Dog* instances:
class Dog:
@@ -283,7 +287,8 @@ Correct design of the class should use an instance variable instead:
-## 9.4. Random Remarks
+9.4. Random Remarks
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If the same attribute name occurs in both an instance and in a class, then attribute lookup prioritizes the instance:
@@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ Clients should use data attributes with care — clients may mess up invariants
There is no shorthand for referencing data attributes (or other methods!) from within methods. I find that this actually increases the readability of methods: there is no chance of confusing local variables and instance variables when glancing through a method.
-Often, the first argument of a method is called `self`. This is nothing more than a convention: the name `self` has absolutely no special meaning to Python. Note, however, that by not following the convention your code may be less readable to other Python programmers, and it is also conceivable that a _class browser_ program might be written that relies upon such a convention.
+Often, the first argument of a method is called `self`. This is nothing more than a convention: the name `self` has absolutely no special meaning to Python. Note, however, that by not following the convention your code may be less readable to other Python programmers, and it is also conceivable that a *class browser* program might be written that relies upon such a convention.
Any function object that is a class attribute defines a method for instances of that class. It is not necessary that the function definition is textually enclosed in the class definition: assigning a function object to a local variable in the class is also ok. For example:
@@ -338,11 +343,12 @@ Methods may call other methods by using method attributes of the `self` argument
Methods may reference global names in the same way as ordinary functions. The global scope associated with a method is the module containing its definition. (A class is never used as a global scope.) While one rarely encounters a good reason for using global data in a method, there are many legitimate uses of the global scope: for one thing, functions and modules imported into the global scope can be used by methods, as well as functions and classes defined in it. Usually, the class containing the method is itself defined in this global scope, and in the next section we’ll find some good reasons why a method would want to reference its own class.
-Each value is an object, and therefore has a _class_ (also called its _type_). It is stored as `object.__class__`.
+Each value is an object, and therefore has a *class* (also called its *type*). It is stored as `object.__class__`.
-## 9.5. Inheritance
+9.5. Inheritance
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Of course, a language feature would not be worthy of the name “class” without supporting inheritance. The syntax for a derived class definition looks like this:
@@ -367,9 +373,9 @@ An overriding method in a derived class may in fact want to extend rather than s
Python has two built-in functions that work with inheritance:
-- Use isinstance ()
to check an instance’s type: `isinstance(obj, int)` will be `True` only if `obj.__class__` is int
or some class derived from int
.
+- Use isinstance ()
to check an instance’s type: `isinstance(obj, int)` will be `True` only if `obj.__class__` is int
or some class derived from int
.
-- Use issubclass ()
to check class inheritance: `issubclass(bool, int)` is `True` since bool
is a subclass of int
. However, `issubclass(float, int)` is `False` since float
is not a subclass of int
.
+- Use issubclass ()
to check class inheritance: `issubclass(bool, int)` is `True` since bool
is a subclass of int
. However, `issubclass(float, int)` is `False` since float
is not a subclass of int
.
@@ -392,11 +398,12 @@ Dynamic ordering is necessary because all cases of multiple inheritance exhibit
-## 9.6. Private Variables
+9.6. Private Variables
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
“Private” instance variables that cannot be accessed except from inside an object don’t exist in Python. However, there is a convention that is followed by most Python code: a name prefixed with an underscore (e.g. `_spam`) should be treated as a non-public part of the API (whether it is a function, a method or a data member). It should be considered an implementation detail and subject to change without notice.
-Since there is a valid use-case for class-private members (namely to avoid name clashes of names with names defined by subclasses), there is limited support for such a mechanism, called _name mangling_. Any identifier of the form `__spam` (at least two leading underscores, at most one trailing underscore) is textually replaced with `_classname__spam`, where `classname` is the current class name with leading underscore(s) stripped. This mangling is done without regard to the syntactic position of the identifier, as long as it occurs within the definition of a class.
+Since there is a valid use-case for class-private members (namely to avoid name clashes of names with names defined by subclasses), there is limited support for such a mechanism, called *name mangling*. Any identifier of the form `__spam` (at least two leading underscores, at most one trailing underscore) is textually replaced with `_classname__spam`, where `classname` is the current class name with leading underscore(s) stripped. This mangling is done without regard to the syntactic position of the identifier, as long as it occurs within the definition of a class.
Name mangling is helpful for letting subclasses override methods without breaking intraclass method calls. For example:
@@ -427,7 +434,8 @@ Notice that code passed to `exec()` or `eval()` does not consider the classname
-## 9.7. Odds and Ends
+9.7. Odds and Ends
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sometimes it is useful to have a data type similar to the Pascal “record” or C “struct”, bundling together a few named data items. An empty class definition will do nicely:
@@ -447,7 +455,8 @@ Instance method objects have attributes, too: `m.__self__` is the instance objec
-## 9.8. Iterators
+9.8. Iterators
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By now you have probably noticed that most container objects can be looped over using a for
statement:
@@ -510,7 +519,8 @@ Having seen the mechanics behind the iterator protocol, it is easy to add iterat
-## 9.9. Generators
+9.9. Generators
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Generators are a simple and powerful tool for creating iterators. They are written like regular functions but use the yield
statement whenever they want to return data. Each time next ()
is called on it, the generator resumes where it left off (it remembers all the data values and which statement was last executed). An example shows that generators can be trivially easy to create:
@@ -534,7 +544,8 @@ In addition to automatic method creation and saving program state, when generato
-## 9.10. Generator Expressions
+9.10. Generator Expressions
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some simple generators can be coded succinctly as expressions using a syntax similar to list comprehensions but with parentheses instead of square brackets. These expressions are designed for situations where the generator is used right away by an enclosing function. Generator expressions are more compact but less versatile than full generator definitions and tend to be more memory friendly than equivalent list comprehensions.
@@ -563,24 +574,24 @@ Except for one thing. Module objects have a secret read-only attribute called 9. Classes
- - 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
- - 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
- - 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example
- - 9.3. A First Look at Classes
- - 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
- - 9.3.2. Class Objects
- - 9.3.3. Instance Objects
- - 9.3.4. Method Objects
- - 9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables
- - 9.4. Random Remarks
- - 9.5. Inheritance
- - 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
- - 9.6. Private Variables
- - 9.7. Odds and Ends
- - 9.8. Iterators
- - 9.9. Generators
- - 9.10. Generator Expressions
+- 9. Classes
+ - 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
+ - 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
+ - 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example
+ - 9.3. A First Look at Classes
+ - 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
+ - 9.3.2. Class Objects
+ - 9.3.3. Instance Objects
+ - 9.3.4. Method Objects
+ - 9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables
+ - 9.4. Random Remarks
+ - 9.5. Inheritance
+ - 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
+ - 9.6. Private Variables
+ - 9.7. Odds and Ends
+ - 9.8. Iterators
+ - 9.9. Generators
+ - 9.10. Generator Expressions
#### Previous topic
@@ -592,20 +603,20 @@ Except for one thing. Module objects have a secret read-only attribute called Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/controlflow.md b/DOCS/tutorial/controlflow.md
index 7a5fa759..462be54c 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/controlflow.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/controlflow.md
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](datastructures.html "5. Data Structures") |
-- [previous](introduction.html "3. An Informal Introduction to Python") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](datastructures.html "5. Data Structures") |
+- [previous](introduction.html "3. An Informal Introduction to Python") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 4. More Control Flow Tools
+4. More Control Flow Tools
+============================================================================================================================================================
Besides the while
statement just introduced, Python uses the usual flow control statements known from other languages, with some twists.
-## 4.1. `if` Statements
+4.1. `if` Statements
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perhaps the most well-known statement type is the if
statement. For example:
@@ -40,7 +42,8 @@ There can be zero or more
-## 4.2. `for` Statements
+4.2. `for` Statements
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The for
statement in Python differs a bit from what you may be used to in C or Pascal. Rather than always iterating over an arithmetic progression of numbers (like in Pascal), or giving the user the ability to define both the iteration step and halting condition (as C), Python’s `for` statement iterates over the items of any sequence (a list or a string), in the order that they appear in the sequence. For example (no pun intended):
@@ -68,7 +71,8 @@ Code that modifies a collection while iterating over that same collection can be
-## 4.3. The range ()
Function
+4.3. The range ()
Function
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you do need to iterate over a sequence of numbers, the built-in function range ()
comes in handy. It generates arithmetic progressions:
@@ -127,7 +131,8 @@ In chapter
-## 4.4. `break` and `continue` Statements, and `else` Clauses on Loops
+4.4. `break` and `continue` Statements, and `else` Clauses on Loops
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The break
statement, like in C, breaks out of the innermost enclosing for
or while
loop.
@@ -174,7 +179,8 @@ The
-## 4.5. `pass` Statements
+4.5. `pass` Statements
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The pass
statement does nothing. It can be used when a statement is required syntactically but the program requires no action. For example:
@@ -196,7 +202,8 @@ Another place
-## 4.6. Defining Functions
+4.6. Defining Functions
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We can create a function that writes the Fibonacci series to an arbitrary boundary:
@@ -212,13 +219,13 @@ We can create a function that writes the Fibonacci series to an arbitrary bounda
... fib(2000)
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597
-The keyword def
introduces a function _definition_. It must be followed by the function name and the parenthesized list of formal parameters. The statements that form the body of the function start at the next line, and must be indented.
+The keyword def
introduces a function *definition*. It must be followed by the function name and the parenthesized list of formal parameters. The statements that form the body of the function start at the next line, and must be indented.
-The first statement of the function body can optionally be a string literal; this string literal is the function’s documentation string, or _docstring_. (More about docstrings can be found in the section Documentation Strings .) There are tools which use docstrings to automatically produce online or printed documentation, or to let the user interactively browse through code; it’s good practice to include docstrings in code that you write, so make a habit of it.
+The first statement of the function body can optionally be a string literal; this string literal is the function’s documentation string, or *docstring*. (More about docstrings can be found in the section Documentation Strings .) There are tools which use docstrings to automatically produce online or printed documentation, or to let the user interactively browse through code; it’s good practice to include docstrings in code that you write, so make a habit of it.
-The _execution_ of a function introduces a new symbol table used for the local variables of the function. More precisely, all variable assignments in a function store the value in the local symbol table; whereas variable references first look in the local symbol table, then in the local symbol tables of enclosing functions, then in the global symbol table, and finally in the table of built-in names. Thus, global variables and variables of enclosing functions cannot be directly assigned a value within a function (unless, for global variables, named in a global
statement, or, for variables of enclosing functions, named in a nonlocal
statement), although they may be referenced.
+The *execution* of a function introduces a new symbol table used for the local variables of the function. More precisely, all variable assignments in a function store the value in the local symbol table; whereas variable references first look in the local symbol table, then in the local symbol tables of enclosing functions, then in the global symbol table, and finally in the table of built-in names. Thus, global variables and variables of enclosing functions cannot be directly assigned a value within a function (unless, for global variables, named in a global
statement, or, for variables of enclosing functions, named in a nonlocal
statement), although they may be referenced.
-The actual parameters (arguments) to a function call are introduced in the local symbol table of the called function when it is called; thus, arguments are passed using _call by value_ (where the _value_ is always an object _reference_, not the value of the object). When a function calls another function, or calls itself recursively, a new local symbol table is created for that call.
+The actual parameters (arguments) to a function call are introduced in the local symbol table of the called function when it is called; thus, arguments are passed using *call by value* (where the *value* is always an object *reference*, not the value of the object). When a function calls another function, or calls itself recursively, a new local symbol table is created for that call.
A function definition associates the function name with the function object in the current symbol table. The interpreter recognizes the object pointed to by that name as a user-defined function. Other names can also point to that same function object and can also be used to access the function:
@@ -251,13 +258,14 @@ It is simple to write a function that returns a list of the numbers of the Fibon
This example, as usual, demonstrates some new Python features:
-- The return
statement returns with a value from a function. `return` without an expression argument returns `None`. Falling off the end of a function also returns `None`.
+- The return
statement returns with a value from a function. `return` without an expression argument returns `None`. Falling off the end of a function also returns `None`.
-- The statement `result.append(a)` calls a _method_ of the list object `result`. A method is a function that ‘belongs’ to an object and is named `obj.methodname`, where `obj` is some object (this may be an expression), and `methodname` is the name of a method that is defined by the object’s type. Different types define different methods. Methods of different types may have the same name without causing ambiguity. (It is possible to define your own object types and methods, using _classes_, see Classes ) The method `append()` shown in the example is defined for list objects; it adds a new element at the end of the list. In this example it is equivalent to `result = result + [a]`, but more efficient.
+- The statement `result.append(a)` calls a *method* of the list object `result`. A method is a function that ‘belongs’ to an object and is named `obj.methodname`, where `obj` is some object (this may be an expression), and `methodname` is the name of a method that is defined by the object’s type. Different types define different methods. Methods of different types may have the same name without causing ambiguity. (It is possible to define your own object types and methods, using *classes*, see Classes ) The method `append()` shown in the example is defined for list objects; it adds a new element at the end of the list. In this example it is equivalent to `result = result + [a]`, but more efficient.
-## 4.7. More on Defining Functions
+4.7. More on Defining Functions
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is also possible to define functions with a variable number of arguments. There are three forms, which can be combined.
@@ -281,15 +289,15 @@ The most useful form is to specify a default value for one or more arguments. Th
This function can be called in several ways:
-- giving only the mandatory argument: `ask_ok('Do you really want to quit?')`
+- giving only the mandatory argument: `ask_ok('Do you really want to quit?')`
-- giving one of the optional arguments: `ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', 2)`
+- giving one of the optional arguments: `ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', 2)`
-- or even giving all arguments: `ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', 2, 'Come on, only yes or no!')`
+- or even giving all arguments: `ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', 2, 'Come on, only yes or no!')`
This example also introduces the in
keyword. This tests whether or not a sequence contains a certain value.
-The default values are evaluated at the point of function definition in the _defining_ scope, so that
+The default values are evaluated at the point of function definition in the *defining* scope, so that
i = 5
@@ -416,13 +424,13 @@ If `/` and `*` are not present in the function definition, arguments may be pass
#### 4.7.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters
-Looking at this in a bit more detail, it is possible to mark certain parameters as _positional-only_. If _positional-only_, the parameters’ order matters, and the parameters cannot be passed by keyword. Positional-only parameters are placed before a `/` (forward-slash). The `/` is used to logically separate the positional-only parameters from the rest of the parameters. If there is no `/` in the function definition, there are no positional-only parameters.
+Looking at this in a bit more detail, it is possible to mark certain parameters as *positional-only*. If *positional-only*, the parameters’ order matters, and the parameters cannot be passed by keyword. Positional-only parameters are placed before a `/` (forward-slash). The `/` is used to logically separate the positional-only parameters from the rest of the parameters. If there is no `/` in the function definition, there are no positional-only parameters.
-Parameters following the `/` may be _positional-or-keyword_ or _keyword-only_.
+Parameters following the `/` may be *positional-or-keyword* or *keyword-only*.
#### 4.7.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments
-To mark parameters as _keyword-only_, indicating the parameters must be passed by keyword argument, place an `*` in the arguments list just before the first _keyword-only_ parameter.
+To mark parameters as *keyword-only*, indicating the parameters must be passed by keyword argument, place an `*` in the arguments list just before the first *keyword-only* parameter.
#### 4.7.3.4. Function Examples
@@ -516,11 +524,11 @@ The use case will determine which parameters to use in the function definition:
As guidance:
-- Use positional-only if you want the name of the parameters to not be available to the user. This is useful when parameter names have no real meaning, if you want to enforce the order of the arguments when the function is called or if you need to take some positional parameters and arbitrary keywords.
+- Use positional-only if you want the name of the parameters to not be available to the user. This is useful when parameter names have no real meaning, if you want to enforce the order of the arguments when the function is called or if you need to take some positional parameters and arbitrary keywords.
-- Use keyword-only when names have meaning and the function definition is more understandable by being explicit with names or you want to prevent users relying on the position of the argument being passed.
+- Use keyword-only when names have meaning and the function definition is more understandable by being explicit with names or you want to prevent users relying on the position of the argument being passed.
-- For an API, use positional-only to prevent breaking API changes if the parameter’s name is modified in the future.
+- For an API, use positional-only to prevent breaking API changes if the parameter’s name is modified in the future.
@@ -545,7 +553,7 @@ Normally, these `variadic` arguments will be last in the list of formal paramete
### 4.7.5. Unpacking Argument Lists
-The reverse situation occurs when the arguments are already in a list or tuple but need to be unpacked for a function call requiring separate positional arguments. For instance, the built-in range ()
function expects separate _start_ and _stop_ arguments. If they are not available separately, write the function call with the `*`-operator to unpack the arguments out of a list or tuple:
+The reverse situation occurs when the arguments are already in a list or tuple but need to be unpacked for a function call requiring separate positional arguments. For instance, the built-in range ()
function expects separate *start* and *stop* arguments. If they are not available separately, write the function call with the `*`-operator to unpack the arguments out of a list or tuple:
>>> list(range(3, 6)) # normal call with separate arguments
[3, 4, 5]
@@ -596,7 +604,7 @@ The first line should always be a short, concise summary of the object’s purpo
If there are more lines in the documentation string, the second line should be blank, visually separating the summary from the rest of the description. The following lines should be one or more paragraphs describing the object’s calling conventions, its side effects, etc.
-The Python parser does not strip indentation from multi-line string literals in Python, so tools that process documentation have to strip indentation if desired. This is done using the following convention. The first non-blank line _after_ the first line of the string determines the amount of indentation for the entire documentation string. (We can’t use the first line since it is generally adjacent to the string’s opening quotes so its indentation is not apparent in the string literal.) Whitespace “equivalent” to this indentation is then stripped from the start of all lines of the string. Lines that are indented less should not occur, but if they occur all their leading whitespace should be stripped. Equivalence of whitespace should be tested after expansion of tabs (to 8 spaces, normally).
+The Python parser does not strip indentation from multi-line string literals in Python, so tools that process documentation have to strip indentation if desired. This is done using the following convention. The first non-blank line *after* the first line of the string determines the amount of indentation for the entire documentation string. (We can’t use the first line since it is generally adjacent to the string’s opening quotes so its indentation is not apparent in the string literal.) Whitespace “equivalent” to this indentation is then stripped from the start of all lines of the string. Lines that are indented less should not occur, but if they occur all their leading whitespace should be stripped. Equivalence of whitespace should be tested after expansion of tabs (to 8 spaces, normally).
Here is an example of a multi-line docstring:
@@ -632,63 +640,64 @@ Here is an example of a multi-line docstring:
-## 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
+4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Now that you are about to write longer, more complex pieces of Python, it is a good time to talk about _coding style_. Most languages can be written (or more concise, _formatted_) in different styles; some are more readable than others. Making it easy for others to read your code is always a good idea, and adopting a nice coding style helps tremendously for that.
+Now that you are about to write longer, more complex pieces of Python, it is a good time to talk about *coding style*. Most languages can be written (or more concise, *formatted*) in different styles; some are more readable than others. Making it easy for others to read your code is always a good idea, and adopting a nice coding style helps tremendously for that.
For Python, PEP 8 has emerged as the style guide that most projects adhere to; it promotes a very readable and eye-pleasing coding style. Every Python developer should read it at some point; here are the most important points extracted for you:
-- Use 4-space indentation, and no tabs.
+- Use 4-space indentation, and no tabs.
- 4 spaces are a good compromise between small indentation (allows greater nesting depth) and large indentation (easier to read). Tabs introduce confusion, and are best left out.
+ 4 spaces are a good compromise between small indentation (allows greater nesting depth) and large indentation (easier to read). Tabs introduce confusion, and are best left out.
-- Wrap lines so that they don’t exceed 79 characters.
+- Wrap lines so that they don’t exceed 79 characters.
- This helps users with small displays and makes it possible to have several code files side-by-side on larger displays.
+ This helps users with small displays and makes it possible to have several code files side-by-side on larger displays.
-- Use blank lines to separate functions and classes, and larger blocks of code inside functions.
+- Use blank lines to separate functions and classes, and larger blocks of code inside functions.
-- When possible, put comments on a line of their own.
+- When possible, put comments on a line of their own.
-- Use docstrings.
+- Use docstrings.
-- Use spaces around operators and after commas, but not directly inside bracketing constructs: `a = f(1, 2) + g(3, 4)`.
+- Use spaces around operators and after commas, but not directly inside bracketing constructs: `a = f(1, 2) + g(3, 4)`.
-- Name your classes and functions consistently; the convention is to use `UpperCamelCase` for classes and `lowercase_with_underscores` for functions and methods. Always use `self` as the name for the first method argument (see A First Look at Classes for more on classes and methods).
+- Name your classes and functions consistently; the convention is to use `UpperCamelCase` for classes and `lowercase_with_underscores` for functions and methods. Always use `self` as the name for the first method argument (see A First Look at Classes for more on classes and methods).
-- Don’t use fancy encodings if your code is meant to be used in international environments. Python’s default, UTF-8, or even plain ASCII work best in any case.
+- Don’t use fancy encodings if your code is meant to be used in international environments. Python’s default, UTF-8, or even plain ASCII work best in any case.
-- Likewise, don’t use non-ASCII characters in identifiers if there is only the slightest chance people speaking a different language will read or maintain the code.
+- Likewise, don’t use non-ASCII characters in identifiers if there is only the slightest chance people speaking a different language will read or maintain the code.
Footnotes
1
-Actually, _call by object reference_ would be a better description, since if a mutable object is passed, the caller will see any changes the callee makes to it (items inserted into a list).
+Actually, *call by object reference* would be a better description, since if a mutable object is passed, the caller will see any changes the callee makes to it (items inserted into a list).
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 4. More Control Flow Tools
- - 4.1. if
Statements
- - 4.2. for
Statements
- - 4.3. The range ()
Function
- - 4.4. break
and continue
Statements, and else
Clauses on Loops
- - 4.5. pass
Statements
- - 4.6. Defining Functions
- - 4.7. More on Defining Functions
- - 4.7.1. Default Argument Values
- - 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments
- - 4.7.3. Special parameters
- - 4.7.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments
- - 4.7.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters
- - 4.7.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments
- - 4.7.3.4. Function Examples
- - 4.7.3.5. Recap
- - 4.7.4. Arbitrary Argument Lists
- - 4.7.5. Unpacking Argument Lists
- - 4.7.6. Lambda Expressions
- - 4.7.7. Documentation Strings
- - 4.7.8. Function Annotations
- - 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
+- 4. More Control Flow Tools
+ - 4.1. if
Statements
+ - 4.2. for
Statements
+ - 4.3. The range ()
Function
+ - 4.4. break
and continue
Statements, and else
Clauses on Loops
+ - 4.5. pass
Statements
+ - 4.6. Defining Functions
+ - 4.7. More on Defining Functions
+ - 4.7.1. Default Argument Values
+ - 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments
+ - 4.7.3. Special parameters
+ - 4.7.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments
+ - 4.7.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters
+ - 4.7.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments
+ - 4.7.3.4. Function Examples
+ - 4.7.3.5. Recap
+ - 4.7.4. Arbitrary Argument Lists
+ - 4.7.5. Unpacking Argument Lists
+ - 4.7.6. Lambda Expressions
+ - 4.7.7. Documentation Strings
+ - 4.7.8. Function Annotations
+ - 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
#### Previous topic
@@ -700,20 +709,20 @@ Actually, _call by object reference_ would be a better description, since if a m
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/controlflow.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
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-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
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+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.html b/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.html
index c2bb98f4..d365ca2a 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.html
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -88,14 +88,12 @@
Add an item to the end of the list. Equivalent to
a[len(a):] = [x]
.
-
list.``extend
( iterable )
Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable. Equivalent
to a[len(a):] = iterable
.
-
list.``insert
( i ,
x )
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@
the front of the list, and a.insert(len(a), x)
is equivalent
to a.append(x)
.
-
list.``remove
( x )
@@ -120,7 +117,6 @@
>
if there is no such item.
-
list.``pop
( [ i ]
square brackets at that position. You will see this notation frequently in
the Python Library Reference.)
-
list.``clear
( )
Remove all items from the list. Equivalent to del a[:]
.
-
list.``index
( x [ , start
subsequence of the list. The returned index is computed relative to the
beginning of the full sequence rather than the start argument.
-
list.``count
( x )
Return the number of times x appears in the list.
-
- list.``sort
( **, key=None, reverse=False*)
+ list.``sort
( **,
+ key=None, reverse=False*)
Sort the items of the list in place (the arguments can be used for sort
customization, see
>
for their explanation).
-
list.``reverse
( )
Reverse the elements of the list in place.
-
list.``copy
( )
@@ -1195,7 +1185,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.md b/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.md
index eeb7c3f2..91c0cb2d 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/datastructures.md
@@ -1,60 +1,62 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](modules.html "6. Modules") |
-- [previous](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](modules.html "6. Modules") |
+- [previous](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 5. Data Structures
+5. Data Structures
+============================================================================================================================================
This chapter describes some things you’ve learned about already in more detail, and adds some new things as well.
-## 5.1. More on Lists
+5.1. More on Lists
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The list data type has some more methods. Here are all of the methods of list objects:
-` list.``append `( _x_)
+``` list.``append ```( *x*)
Add an item to the end of the list. Equivalent to `a[len(a):] = [x]`.
-` list.``extend `( _iterable_)
+``` list.``extend ```( *iterable*)
Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable. Equivalent to `a[len(a):] = iterable`.
-` list.``insert `( _i_, _x_)
+``` list.``insert ```( *i*, *x*)
Insert an item at a given position. The first argument is the index of the element before which to insert, so `a.insert(0, x)` inserts at the front of the list, and `a.insert(len(a), x)` is equivalent to `a.append(x)`.
-` list.``remove `( _x_)
-Remove the first item from the list whose value is equal to _x_. It raises a ValueError
if there is no such item.
+``` list.``remove ```( *x*)
+Remove the first item from the list whose value is equal to *x*. It raises a ValueError
if there is no such item.
-` list.``pop `( \[ _i_\] )
-Remove the item at the given position in the list, and return it. If no index is specified, `a.pop()` removes and returns the last item in the list. (The square brackets around the _i_ in the method signature denote that the parameter is optional, not that you should type square brackets at that position. You will see this notation frequently in the Python Library Reference.)
+``` list.``pop ```( \[ *i*\] )
+Remove the item at the given position in the list, and return it. If no index is specified, `a.pop()` removes and returns the last item in the list. (The square brackets around the *i* in the method signature denote that the parameter is optional, not that you should type square brackets at that position. You will see this notation frequently in the Python Library Reference.)
-` list.``clear `( )
+``` list.``clear ```( )
Remove all items from the list. Equivalent to `del a[:]`.
-` list.``index `( _x_\[ , _start_\[ , _end_\] \] )
-Return zero-based index in the list of the first item whose value is equal to _x_. Raises a ValueError
if there is no such item.
+``` list.``index ```( *x*\[ , *start*\[ , *end*\] \] )
+Return zero-based index in the list of the first item whose value is equal to *x*. Raises a ValueError
if there is no such item.
-The optional arguments _start_ and _end_ are interpreted as in the slice notation and are used to limit the search to a particular subsequence of the list. The returned index is computed relative to the beginning of the full sequence rather than the _start_ argument.
+The optional arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in the slice notation and are used to limit the search to a particular subsequence of the list. The returned index is computed relative to the beginning of the full sequence rather than the *start* argument.
-` list.``count `( _x_)
-Return the number of times _x_ appears in the list.
+``` list.``count ```( *x*)
+Return the number of times *x* appears in the list.
-` list.``sort `( \*\*_,_ key=None*,* reverse=False\*)
+``` list.``sort ```( \*\**,* key=None*,* reverse=False\*)
Sort the items of the list in place (the arguments can be used for sort customization, see sorted ()
for their explanation).
-` list.``reverse `( )
+``` list.``reverse ```( )
Reverse the elements of the list in place.
-` list.``copy `( )
+``` list.``copy ```( )
Return a shallow copy of the list. Equivalent to `a[:]`.
An example that uses most of the list methods:
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ An example that uses most of the list methods:
You might have noticed that methods like `insert`, `remove` or `sort` that only modify the list have no return value printed – they return the default `None`. This is a design principle for all mutable data structures in Python.
-Another thing you might notice is that not all data can be sorted or compared. For instance, `[None, 'hello', 10]` doesn’t sort because integers can’t be compared to strings and _None_ can’t be compared to other types. Also, there are some types that don’t have a defined ordering relation. For example, `3+4j < 5+7j` isn’t a valid comparison.
+Another thing you might notice is that not all data can be sorted or compared. For instance, `[None, 'hello', 10]` doesn’t sort because integers can’t be compared to strings and *None* can’t be compared to other types. Also, there are some types that don’t have a defined ordering relation. For example, `3+4j < 5+7j` isn’t a valid comparison.
@@ -252,7 +254,8 @@ See
-## 5.2. The `del` statement
+5.2. The `del` statement
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is a way to remove an item from a list given its index instead of its value: the del
statement. This differs from the `pop()` method which returns a value. The `del` statement can also be used to remove slices from a list or clear the entire list (which we did earlier by assignment of an empty list to the slice). For example:
@@ -275,9 +278,10 @@ Referencing the name `a` hereafter is an error (at least until another value is
-## 5.3. Tuples and Sequences
+5.3. Tuples and Sequences
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-We saw that lists and strings have many common properties, such as indexing and slicing operations. They are two examples of _sequence_ data types (see Sequence Types — list, tuple, range ). Since Python is an evolving language, other sequence data types may be added. There is also another standard sequence data type: the _tuple_.
+We saw that lists and strings have many common properties, such as indexing and slicing operations. They are two examples of *sequence* data types (see Sequence Types — list, tuple, range ). Since Python is an evolving language, other sequence data types may be added. There is also another standard sequence data type: the *tuple*.
A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas, for instance:
@@ -315,17 +319,18 @@ A special problem is the construction of tuples containing 0 or 1 items: the syn
>>> singleton
('hello',)
-The statement `t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'` is an example of _tuple packing_: the values `12345`, `54321` and `'hello!'` are packed together in a tuple. The reverse operation is also possible:
+The statement `t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'` is an example of *tuple packing*: the values `12345`, `54321` and `'hello!'` are packed together in a tuple. The reverse operation is also possible:
>>> x, y, z = t
-This is called, appropriately enough, _sequence unpacking_ and works for any sequence on the right-hand side. Sequence unpacking requires that there are as many variables on the left side of the equals sign as there are elements in the sequence. Note that multiple assignment is really just a combination of tuple packing and sequence unpacking.
+This is called, appropriately enough, *sequence unpacking* and works for any sequence on the right-hand side. Sequence unpacking requires that there are as many variables on the left side of the equals sign as there are elements in the sequence. Note that multiple assignment is really just a combination of tuple packing and sequence unpacking.
-## 5.4. Sets
+5.4. Sets
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Python also includes a data type for _sets_. A set is an unordered collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include membership testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also support mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.
+Python also includes a data type for *sets*. A set is an unordered collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include membership testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also support mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.
Curly braces or the set ()
function can be used to create sets. Note: to create an empty set you have to use `set()`, not `{}`; the latter creates an empty dictionary, a data structure that we discuss in the next section.
@@ -362,11 +367,12 @@ Similarly to
-## 5.5. Dictionaries
+5.5. Dictionaries
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Another useful data type built into Python is the _dictionary_ (see Mapping Types — dict ). Dictionaries are sometimes found in other languages as “associative memories” or “associative arrays”. Unlike sequences, which are indexed by a range of numbers, dictionaries are indexed by _keys_, which can be any immutable type; strings and numbers can always be keys. Tuples can be used as keys if they contain only strings, numbers, or tuples; if a tuple contains any mutable object either directly or indirectly, it cannot be used as a key. You can’t use lists as keys, since lists can be modified in place using index assignments, slice assignments, or methods like `append()` and `extend()`.
+Another useful data type built into Python is the *dictionary* (see Mapping Types — dict ). Dictionaries are sometimes found in other languages as “associative memories” or “associative arrays”. Unlike sequences, which are indexed by a range of numbers, dictionaries are indexed by *keys*, which can be any immutable type; strings and numbers can always be keys. Tuples can be used as keys if they contain only strings, numbers, or tuples; if a tuple contains any mutable object either directly or indirectly, it cannot be used as a key. You can’t use lists as keys, since lists can be modified in place using index assignments, slice assignments, or methods like `append()` and `extend()`.
-It is best to think of a dictionary as a set of _key: value_ pairs, with the requirement that the keys are unique (within one dictionary). A pair of braces creates an empty dictionary: `{}`. Placing a comma-separated list of key:value pairs within the braces adds initial key:value pairs to the dictionary; this is also the way dictionaries are written on output.
+It is best to think of a dictionary as a set of *key: value* pairs, with the requirement that the keys are unique (within one dictionary). A pair of braces creates an empty dictionary: `{}`. Placing a comma-separated list of key:value pairs within the braces adds initial key:value pairs to the dictionary; this is also the way dictionaries are written on output.
The main operations on a dictionary are storing a value with some key and extracting the value given the key. It is also possible to delete a key:value pair with `del`. If you store using a key that is already in use, the old value associated with that key is forgotten. It is an error to extract a value using a non-existent key.
@@ -410,7 +416,8 @@ When the keys are simple strings, it is sometimes easier to specify pairs using
-## 5.6. Looping Techniques
+5.6. Looping Techniques
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When looping through dictionaries, the key and corresponding value can be retrieved at the same time using the `items()` method.
@@ -490,7 +497,8 @@ It is sometimes tempting to change a list while you are looping over it; however
-## 5.7. More on Conditions
+5.7. More on Conditions
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The conditions used in `while` and `if` statements can contain any operators, not just comparisons.
@@ -500,7 +508,7 @@ Comparisons can be chained. For example, `a < b == c` tests whether `a` is less
Comparisons may be combined using the Boolean operators `and` and `or`, and the outcome of a comparison (or of any other Boolean expression) may be negated with `not`. These have lower priorities than comparison operators; between them, `not` has the highest priority and `or` the lowest, so that `A and not B or C` is equivalent to `(A and (not B)) or C`. As always, parentheses can be used to express the desired composition.
-The Boolean operators `and` and `or` are so-called _short-circuit_ operators: their arguments are evaluated from left to right, and evaluation stops as soon as the outcome is determined. For example, if `A` and `C` are true but `B` is false, `A and B and C` does not evaluate the expression `C`. When used as a general value and not as a Boolean, the return value of a short-circuit operator is the last evaluated argument.
+The Boolean operators `and` and `or` are so-called *short-circuit* operators: their arguments are evaluated from left to right, and evaluation stops as soon as the outcome is determined. For example, if `A` and `C` are true but `B` is false, `A and B and C` does not evaluate the expression `C`. When used as a general value and not as a Boolean, the return value of a short-circuit operator is the last evaluated argument.
It is possible to assign the result of a comparison or other Boolean expression to a variable. For example,
@@ -513,9 +521,10 @@ Note that in Python, unlike C, assignment inside expressions must be done explic
-## 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
+5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Sequence objects typically may be compared to other objects with the same sequence type. The comparison uses _lexicographical_ ordering: first the first two items are compared, and if they differ this determines the outcome of the comparison; if they are equal, the next two items are compared, and so on, until either sequence is exhausted. If two items to be compared are themselves sequences of the same type, the lexicographical comparison is carried out recursively. If all items of two sequences compare equal, the sequences are considered equal. If one sequence is an initial sub-sequence of the other, the shorter sequence is the smaller (lesser) one. Lexicographical ordering for strings uses the Unicode code point number to order individual characters. Some examples of comparisons between sequences of the same type:
+Sequence objects typically may be compared to other objects with the same sequence type. The comparison uses *lexicographical* ordering: first the first two items are compared, and if they differ this determines the outcome of the comparison; if they are equal, the next two items are compared, and so on, until either sequence is exhausted. If two items to be compared are themselves sequences of the same type, the lexicographical comparison is carried out recursively. If all items of two sequences compare equal, the sequences are considered equal. If one sequence is an initial sub-sequence of the other, the shorter sequence is the smaller (lesser) one. Lexicographical ordering for strings uses the Unicode code point number to order individual characters. Some examples of comparisons between sequences of the same type:
(1, 2, 3) < (1, 2, 4)
[1, 2, 3] < [1, 2, 4]
@@ -534,19 +543,19 @@ Other languages may return the mutated object, which allows method chaining, suc
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 5. Data Structures
- - 5.1. More on Lists
- - 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
- - 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
- - 5.1.3. List Comprehensions
- - 5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions
- - 5.2. The del
statement
- - 5.3. Tuples and Sequences
- - 5.4. Sets
- - 5.5. Dictionaries
- - 5.6. Looping Techniques
- - 5.7. More on Conditions
- - 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
+- 5. Data Structures
+ - 5.1. More on Lists
+ - 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
+ - 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
+ - 5.1.3. List Comprehensions
+ - 5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions
+ - 5.2. The del
statement
+ - 5.3. Tuples and Sequences
+ - 5.4. Sets
+ - 5.5. Dictionaries
+ - 5.6. Looping Techniques
+ - 5.7. More on Conditions
+ - 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
#### Previous topic
@@ -558,20 +567,20 @@ Other languages may return the mutated object, which allows method chaining, suc
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/datastructures.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/datastructures.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](modules.html "6. Modules") |
-- [previous](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](modules.html "6. Modules") |
+- [previous](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
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+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/directory.md b/DOCS/tutorial/directory.md
index e69de29b..8b137891 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/directory.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/directory.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/errors.html b/DOCS/tutorial/errors.html
index 13dc58aa..90623f45 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/errors.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/errors.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -435,10 +435,7 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__str__"
class="reference internal"
title="object.__str__"
- >str ()
str ()
so the arguments can be printed directly without having to reference
.args
. One may also instantiate an exception first before
@@ -1065,7 +1062,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/errors.md b/DOCS/tutorial/errors.md
index 1fbd97fa..1771786f 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/errors.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/errors.md
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](classes.html "9. Classes") |
-- [previous](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](classes.html "9. Classes") |
+- [previous](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 8. Errors and Exceptions
+8. Errors and Exceptions
+========================================================================================================================================================
-Until now error messages haven’t been more than mentioned, but if you have tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) two distinguishable kinds of errors: _syntax errors_ and _exceptions_.
+Until now error messages haven’t been more than mentioned, but if you have tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) two distinguishable kinds of errors: *syntax errors* and *exceptions*.
-## 8.1. Syntax Errors
+8.1. Syntax Errors
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python:
@@ -28,13 +30,14 @@ Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common kind of
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
-The parser repeats the offending line and displays a little ‘arrow’ pointing at the earliest point in the line where the error was detected. The error is caused by (or at least detected at) the token _preceding_ the arrow: in the example, the error is detected at the function print ()
, since a colon (`':'`) is missing before it. File name and line number are printed so you know where to look in case the input came from a script.
+The parser repeats the offending line and displays a little ‘arrow’ pointing at the earliest point in the line where the error was detected. The error is caused by (or at least detected at) the token *preceding* the arrow: in the example, the error is detected at the function print ()
, since a colon (`':'`) is missing before it. File name and line number are printed so you know where to look in case the input came from a script.
-## 8.2. Exceptions
+8.2. Exceptions
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during execution are called _exceptions_ and are not unconditionally fatal: you will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown here:
+Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during execution are called *exceptions* and are not unconditionally fatal: you will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown here:
>>> 10 * (1/0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
@@ -59,7 +62,8 @@ The preceding part of the error message shows the context where the exception oc
-## 8.3. Handling Exceptions
+8.3. Handling Exceptions
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is possible to write programs that handle selected exceptions. Look at the following example, which asks the user for input until a valid integer has been entered, but allows the user to interrupt the program (using Control-C or whatever the operating system supports); note that a user-generated interruption is signalled by raising the KeyboardInterrupt
exception.
@@ -73,13 +77,13 @@ It is possible to write programs that handle selected exceptions. Look at the fo
The try
statement works as follows.
-- First, the _try clause_ (the statement(s) between the try
and except
keywords) is executed.
+- First, the *try clause* (the statement(s) between the try
and except
keywords) is executed.
-- If no exception occurs, the _except clause_ is skipped and execution of the try
statement is finished.
+- If no exception occurs, the *except clause* is skipped and execution of the try
statement is finished.
-- If an exception occurs during execution of the try clause, the rest of the clause is skipped. Then if its type matches the exception named after the except
keyword, the except clause is executed, and then execution continues after the try
statement.
+- If an exception occurs during execution of the try clause, the rest of the clause is skipped. Then if its type matches the exception named after the except
keyword, the except clause is executed, and then execution continues after the try
statement.
-- If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the except clause, it is passed on to outer try
statements; if no handler is found, it is an _unhandled exception_ and execution stops with a message as shown above.
+- If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the except clause, it is passed on to outer try
statements; if no handler is found, it is an *unhandled exception* and execution stops with a message as shown above.
A try
statement may have more than one except clause, to specify handlers for different exceptions. At most one handler will be executed. Handlers only handle exceptions that occur in the corresponding try clause, not in other handlers of the same `try` statement. An except clause may name multiple exceptions as a parenthesized tuple, for example:
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ The last except clause may omit the exception name(s), to serve as a wildcard. U
print("Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0])
raise
-The try
… except
statement has an optional _else clause_, which, when present, must follow all except clauses. It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception. For example:
+The try
… except
statement has an optional *else clause*, which, when present, must follow all except clauses. It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception. For example:
for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
try:
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ The try
clause because it avoids accidentally catching an exception that wasn’t raised by the code being protected by the `try` … `except` statement.
-When an exception occurs, it may have an associated value, also known as the exception’s _argument_. The presence and type of the argument depend on the exception type.
+When an exception occurs, it may have an associated value, also known as the exception’s *argument*. The presence and type of the argument depend on the exception type.
The except clause may specify a variable after the exception name. The variable is bound to an exception instance with the arguments stored in `instance.args`. For convenience, the exception instance defines str ()
so the arguments can be printed directly without having to reference `.args`. One may also instantiate an exception first before raising it and add any attributes to it as desired.
@@ -175,7 +179,8 @@ Exception handlers don’t just handle exceptions if they occur immediately in t
-## 8.4. Raising Exceptions
+8.4. Raising Exceptions
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The raise
statement allows the programmer to force a specified exception to occur. For example:
@@ -203,7 +208,8 @@ If you need to determine whether an exception was raised but don’t intend to h
-## 8.5. Exception Chaining
+8.5. Exception Chaining
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The raise
statement allows an optional from
which enables chaining exceptions. For example:
@@ -246,7 +252,8 @@ For more information about chaining mechanics, see
-## 8.6. User-defined Exceptions
+8.6. User-defined Exceptions
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Programs may name their own exceptions by creating a new exception class (see Classes for more about Python classes). Exceptions should typically be derived from the Exception
class, either directly or indirectly.
@@ -289,7 +296,8 @@ Many standard modules define their own exceptions to report errors that may occu
-## 8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
+8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The try
statement has another optional clause which is intended to define clean-up actions that must be executed under all circumstances. For example:
@@ -305,15 +313,15 @@ The finally
clause is present, the `finally` clause will execute as the last task before the try
statement completes. The `finally` clause runs whether or not the `try` statement produces an exception. The following points discuss more complex cases when an exception occurs:
-- If an exception occurs during execution of the `try` clause, the exception may be handled by an except
clause. If the exception is not handled by an `except` clause, the exception is re-raised after the `finally` clause has been executed.
+- If an exception occurs during execution of the `try` clause, the exception may be handled by an except
clause. If the exception is not handled by an `except` clause, the exception is re-raised after the `finally` clause has been executed.
-- An exception could occur during execution of an `except` or `else` clause. Again, the exception is re-raised after the `finally` clause has been executed.
+- An exception could occur during execution of an `except` or `else` clause. Again, the exception is re-raised after the `finally` clause has been executed.
-- If the `finally` clause executes a break
, continue
or return
statement, exceptions are not re-raised.
+- If the `finally` clause executes a break
, continue
or return
statement, exceptions are not re-raised.
-- If the `try` statement reaches a break
, continue
or return
statement, the `finally` clause will execute just prior to the `break`, `continue` or `return` statement’s execution.
+- If the `try` statement reaches a break
, continue
or return
statement, the `finally` clause will execute just prior to the `break`, `continue` or `return` statement’s execution.
-- If a `finally` clause includes a `return` statement, the returned value will be the one from the `finally` clause’s `return` statement, not the value from the `try` clause’s `return` statement.
+- If a `finally` clause includes a `return` statement, the returned value will be the one from the `finally` clause’s `return` statement, not the value from the `try` clause’s `return` statement.
For example:
@@ -357,7 +365,8 @@ In real world applications, the
-## 8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
+8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some objects define standard clean-up actions to be undertaken when the object is no longer needed, regardless of whether or not the operation using the object succeeded or failed. Look at the following example, which tries to open a file and print its contents to the screen.
@@ -370,19 +379,19 @@ The problem with this code is that it leaves the file open for an indeterminate
for line in f:
print(line, end="")
-After the statement is executed, the file _f_ is always closed, even if a problem was encountered while processing the lines. Objects which, like files, provide predefined clean-up actions will indicate this in their documentation.
+After the statement is executed, the file *f* is always closed, even if a problem was encountered while processing the lines. Objects which, like files, provide predefined clean-up actions will indicate this in their documentation.
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 8. Errors and Exceptions
- - 8.1. Syntax Errors
- - 8.2. Exceptions
- - 8.3. Handling Exceptions
- - 8.4. Raising Exceptions
- - 8.5. Exception Chaining
- - 8.6. User-defined Exceptions
- - 8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
- - 8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
+- 8. Errors and Exceptions
+ - 8.1. Syntax Errors
+ - 8.2. Exceptions
+ - 8.3. Handling Exceptions
+ - 8.4. Raising Exceptions
+ - 8.5. Exception Chaining
+ - 8.6. User-defined Exceptions
+ - 8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
+ - 8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
#### Previous topic
@@ -394,20 +403,20 @@ After the statement is executed, the file _f_ is always closed, even if a proble
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/errors.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/errors.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](classes.html "9. Classes") |
-- [previous](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](classes.html "9. Classes") |
+- [previous](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.html b/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.html
index 40b18e4a..cd94a520 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.md b/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.md
index 3c590dd1..485665a1 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/floatingpoint.md
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](appendix.html "16. Appendix") |
-- [previous](interactive.html "14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](appendix.html "16. Appendix") |
+- [previous](interactive.html "14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
+15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
+================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Floating-point numbers are represented in computer hardware as base 2 (binary) fractions. For example, the decimal fraction
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ Interestingly, there are many different decimal numbers that share the same near
Historically, the Python prompt and built-in repr ()
function would choose the one with 17 significant digits, `0.10000000000000001`. Starting with Python 3.1, Python (on most systems) is now able to choose the shortest of these and simply display `0.1`.
-Note that this is in the very nature of binary floating-point: this is not a bug in Python, and it is not a bug in your code either. You’ll see the same kind of thing in all languages that support your hardware’s floating-point arithmetic (although some languages may not _display_ the difference by default, or in all output modes).
+Note that this is in the very nature of binary floating-point: this is not a bug in Python, and it is not a bug in your code either. You’ll see the same kind of thing in all languages that support your hardware’s floating-point arithmetic (although some languages may not *display* the difference by default, or in all output modes).
For more pleasant output, you may wish to use string formatting to produce a limited number of significant digits:
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ For more pleasant output, you may wish to use string formatting to produce a lim
>>> repr(math.pi)
'3.141592653589793'
-It’s important to realize that this is, in a real sense, an illusion: you’re simply rounding the _display_ of the true machine value.
+It’s important to realize that this is, in a real sense, an illusion: you’re simply rounding the *display* of the true machine value.
One illusion may beget another. For example, since 0.1 is not exactly 1/10, summing three values of 0.1 may not yield exactly 0.3, either:
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ Another form of exact arithmetic is supported by the https://scipy.org >.
-Python provides tools that may help on those rare occasions when you really _do_ want to know the exact value of a float. The float .as_integer_ratio()
method expresses the value of a float as a fraction:
+Python provides tools that may help on those rare occasions when you really *do* want to know the exact value of a float. The float .as_integer_ratio()
method expresses the value of a float as a fraction:
>>> x = 3.14159
>>> x.as_integer_ratio()
@@ -136,13 +137,14 @@ Another helpful tool is the
-## 15.1. Representation Error
+15.1. Representation Error
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This section explains the “0.1” example in detail, and shows how you can perform an exact analysis of cases like this yourself. Basic familiarity with binary floating-point representation is assumed.
-_Representation error_ refers to the fact that some (most, actually) decimal fractions cannot be represented exactly as binary (base 2) fractions. This is the chief reason why Python (or Perl, C, C++, Java, Fortran, and many others) often won’t display the exact decimal number you expect.
+*Representation error* refers to the fact that some (most, actually) decimal fractions cannot be represented exactly as binary (base 2) fractions. This is the chief reason why Python (or Perl, C, C++, Java, Fortran, and many others) often won’t display the exact decimal number you expect.
-Why is that? 1/10 is not exactly representable as a binary fraction. Almost all machines today (November 2000) use IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic, and almost all platforms map Python floats to IEEE-754 “double precision”. 754 doubles contain 53 bits of precision, so on input the computer strives to convert 0.1 to the closest fraction it can of the form _J_/2\*\*_N_ where _J_ is an integer containing exactly 53 bits. Rewriting
+Why is that? 1/10 is not exactly representable as a binary fraction. Almost all machines today (November 2000) use IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic, and almost all platforms map Python floats to IEEE-754 “double precision”. 754 doubles contain 53 bits of precision, so on input the computer strives to convert 0.1 to the closest fraction it can of the form *J*/2\*\**N* where *J* is an integer containing exactly 53 bits. Rewriting
1 / 10 ~= J / (2**N)
@@ -150,12 +152,12 @@ as
J ~= 2**N / 10
-and recalling that _J_ has exactly 53 bits (is `>= 2**52` but `< 2**53`), the best value for _N_ is 56:
+and recalling that *J* has exactly 53 bits (is `>= 2**52` but `< 2**53`), the best value for *N* is 56:
>>> 2**52 <= 2**56 // 10 < 2**53
True
-That is, 56 is the only value for _N_ that leaves _J_ with exactly 53 bits. The best possible value for _J_ is then that quotient rounded:
+That is, 56 is the only value for *N* that leaves *J* with exactly 53 bits. The best possible value for *J* is then that quotient rounded:
>>> q, r = divmod(2**56, 10)
>>> r
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ Dividing both the numerator and denominator by two reduces the fraction to:
3602879701896397 / 2 ** 55
-Note that since we rounded up, this is actually a little bit larger than 1/10; if we had not rounded up, the quotient would have been a little bit smaller than 1/10. But in no case can it be _exactly_ 1/10!
+Note that since we rounded up, this is actually a little bit larger than 1/10; if we had not rounded up, the quotient would have been a little bit smaller than 1/10. But in no case can it be *exactly* 1/10!
So the computer never “sees” 1/10: what it sees is the exact fraction given above, the best 754 double approximation it can get:
@@ -210,8 +212,8 @@ The 15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
- - 15.1. Representation Error
+- 15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
+ - 15.1. Representation Error
#### Previous topic
@@ -223,20 +225,20 @@ The
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Navigation
+
-
-
+
+ next |
+
+
+ previous
-
-
-
-
+
+ Python »
+
+ 3.9.5 Documentation »
+
+
+
+
+
+ The Python Tutorial
+
+
+ Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has
+ efficient high-level data structures and a simple but effective approach
+ to object-oriented programming. Python’s elegant syntax and dynamic
+ typing, together with its interpreted nature, make it an ideal language
+ for scripting and rapid application development in many areas on most
+ platforms.
+
+
+ The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are freely
+ available in source or binary form for all major platforms from the Python
+ Web site,
+ https://www.python.org/ , and may be freely distributed. The same site also contains
+ distributions of and pointers to many free third party Python modules,
+ programs and tools, and additional documentation.
+
+
+ The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data
+ types implemented in C or C++ (or other languages callable from C). Python
+ is also suitable as an extension language for customizable applications.
+
+
+ This tutorial introduces the reader informally to the basic concepts and
+ features of the Python language and system. It helps to have a Python
+ interpreter handy for hands-on experience, but all examples are
+ self-contained, so the tutorial can be read off-line as well.
+
+
+ For a description of standard objects and modules, see
+ The Python Standard Library .
+ The Python Language Reference
+ gives a more formal definition of the language. To write extensions in C
+ or C++, read
+ Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter
+ and
+ Python/C API Reference Manual . There are also several books covering Python in depth.
+
+
+ This tutorial does not attempt to be comprehensive and cover every single
+ feature, or even every commonly used feature. Instead, it introduces many
+ of Python’s most noteworthy features, and will give you a good idea of the
+ language’s flavor and style. After reading it, you will be able to read
+ and write Python modules and programs, and you will be ready to learn more
+ about the various Python library modules described in
+ The Python Standard Library .
+
+
+ The
+ Glossary
+ is also worth going through.
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Previous topic
+
+ Changelog
+
+ Next topic
+
+ 1. Whetting Your Appetite
+
+ This Page
+
+ Navigation
+
+
+ ©
+ Copyright
+ 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
+ The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
+ Please donate.
+
+
+ Last updated on May 30, 2021.
+ Found a bug ?
+ Created using Sphinx 2.4.4.
+
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/index.md b/DOCS/tutorial/index.md
index 87d5c633..7205b073 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/index.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/index.md
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [Directory/Playground](./directory.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](appetite.html "1. Whetting Your Appetite") |
-- [previous](https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html "Changelog") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [Directory/Playground](./directory.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](appetite.html "1. Whetting Your Appetite") |
+- [previous](https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/changelog.html "Changelog") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+-
-# The Python Tutorial
+The Python Tutorial
+=============================================================================================================
Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has efficient high-level data structures and a simple but effective approach to object-oriented programming. Python’s elegant syntax and dynamic typing, together with its interpreted nature, make it an ideal language for scripting and rapid application development in many areas on most platforms.
@@ -28,139 +29,139 @@ This tutorial does not attempt to be comprehensive and cover every single featur
The Glossary is also worth going through.
-- 1. Whetting Your Appetite
-- 2. Using the Python Interpreter
- - 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
- - 2.1.1. Argument Passing
- - 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
- - 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
- - 2.2.1. Source Code Encoding
-- 3. An Informal Introduction to Python
- - 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
- - 3.1.1. Numbers
- - 3.1.2. Strings
- - 3.1.3. Lists
- - 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
-- 4. More Control Flow Tools
- - 4.1. if
Statements
- - 4.2. for
Statements
- - 4.3. The range ()
Function
- - 4.4. break
and continue
Statements, and else
Clauses on Loops
- - 4.5. pass
Statements
- - 4.6. Defining Functions
- - 4.7. More on Defining Functions
- - 4.7.1. Default Argument Values
- - 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments
- - 4.7.3. Special parameters
- - 4.7.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments
- - 4.7.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters
- - 4.7.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments
- - 4.7.3.4. Function Examples
- - 4.7.3.5. Recap
- - 4.7.4. Arbitrary Argument Lists
- - 4.7.5. Unpacking Argument Lists
- - 4.7.6. Lambda Expressions
- - 4.7.7. Documentation Strings
- - 4.7.8. Function Annotations
- - 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
-- 5. Data Structures
- - 5.1. More on Lists
- - 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
- - 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
- - 5.1.3. List Comprehensions
- - 5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions
- - 5.2. The del
statement
- - 5.3. Tuples and Sequences
- - 5.4. Sets
- - 5.5. Dictionaries
- - 5.6. Looping Techniques
- - 5.7. More on Conditions
- - 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
-- 6. Modules
- - 6.1. More on Modules
- - 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
- - 6.1.2. The Module Search Path
- - 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
- - 6.2. Standard Modules
- - 6.3. The dir ()
Function
- - 6.4. Packages
- - 6.4.1. Importing \* From a Package
- - 6.4.2. Intra-package References
- - 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
-- 7. Input and Output
- - 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
- - 7.1.1. Formatted String Literals
- - 7.1.2. The String format() Method
- - 7.1.3. Manual String Formatting
- - 7.1.4. Old string formatting
- - 7.2. Reading and Writing Files
- - 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
- - 7.2.2. Saving structured data with json
-- 8. Errors and Exceptions
- - 8.1. Syntax Errors
- - 8.2. Exceptions
- - 8.3. Handling Exceptions
- - 8.4. Raising Exceptions
- - 8.5. Exception Chaining
- - 8.6. User-defined Exceptions
- - 8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
- - 8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
-- 9. Classes
- - 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
- - 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
- - 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example
- - 9.3. A First Look at Classes
- - 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
- - 9.3.2. Class Objects
- - 9.3.3. Instance Objects
- - 9.3.4. Method Objects
- - 9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables
- - 9.4. Random Remarks
- - 9.5. Inheritance
- - 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
- - 9.6. Private Variables
- - 9.7. Odds and Ends
- - 9.8. Iterators
- - 9.9. Generators
- - 9.10. Generator Expressions
-- 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
- - 10.1. Operating System Interface
- - 10.2. File Wildcards
- - 10.3. Command Line Arguments
- - 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
- - 10.5. String Pattern Matching
- - 10.6. Mathematics
- - 10.7. Internet Access
- - 10.8. Dates and Times
- - 10.9. Data Compression
- - 10.10. Performance Measurement
- - 10.11. Quality Control
- - 10.12. Batteries Included
-- 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
- - 11.1. Output Formatting
- - 11.2. Templating
- - 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
- - 11.4. Multi-threading
- - 11.5. Logging
- - 11.6. Weak References
- - 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
- - 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
-- 12. Virtual Environments and Packages
- - 12.1. Introduction
- - 12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
- - 12.3. Managing Packages with pip
-- 13. What Now?
-- 14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
- - 14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
- - 14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
-- 15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
- - 15.1. Representation Error
-- 16. Appendix
- - 16.1. Interactive Mode
- - 16.1.1. Error Handling
- - 16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts
- - 16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File
- - 16.1.4. The Customization Modules
+- 1. Whetting Your Appetite
+- 2. Using the Python Interpreter
+ - 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
+ - 2.1.1. Argument Passing
+ - 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
+ - 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
+ - 2.2.1. Source Code Encoding
+- 3. An Informal Introduction to Python
+ - 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
+ - 3.1.1. Numbers
+ - 3.1.2. Strings
+ - 3.1.3. Lists
+ - 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
+- 4. More Control Flow Tools
+ - 4.1. if
Statements
+ - 4.2. for
Statements
+ - 4.3. The range ()
Function
+ - 4.4. break
and continue
Statements, and else
Clauses on Loops
+ - 4.5. pass
Statements
+ - 4.6. Defining Functions
+ - 4.7. More on Defining Functions
+ - 4.7.1. Default Argument Values
+ - 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments
+ - 4.7.3. Special parameters
+ - 4.7.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments
+ - 4.7.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters
+ - 4.7.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments
+ - 4.7.3.4. Function Examples
+ - 4.7.3.5. Recap
+ - 4.7.4. Arbitrary Argument Lists
+ - 4.7.5. Unpacking Argument Lists
+ - 4.7.6. Lambda Expressions
+ - 4.7.7. Documentation Strings
+ - 4.7.8. Function Annotations
+ - 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
+- 5. Data Structures
+ - 5.1. More on Lists
+ - 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
+ - 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
+ - 5.1.3. List Comprehensions
+ - 5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions
+ - 5.2. The del
statement
+ - 5.3. Tuples and Sequences
+ - 5.4. Sets
+ - 5.5. Dictionaries
+ - 5.6. Looping Techniques
+ - 5.7. More on Conditions
+ - 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
+- 6. Modules
+ - 6.1. More on Modules
+ - 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
+ - 6.1.2. The Module Search Path
+ - 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
+ - 6.2. Standard Modules
+ - 6.3. The dir ()
Function
+ - 6.4. Packages
+ - 6.4.1. Importing * From a Package
+ - 6.4.2. Intra-package References
+ - 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
+- 7. Input and Output
+ - 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
+ - 7.1.1. Formatted String Literals
+ - 7.1.2. The String format() Method
+ - 7.1.3. Manual String Formatting
+ - 7.1.4. Old string formatting
+ - 7.2. Reading and Writing Files
+ - 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
+ - 7.2.2. Saving structured data with json
+- 8. Errors and Exceptions
+ - 8.1. Syntax Errors
+ - 8.2. Exceptions
+ - 8.3. Handling Exceptions
+ - 8.4. Raising Exceptions
+ - 8.5. Exception Chaining
+ - 8.6. User-defined Exceptions
+ - 8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
+ - 8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
+- 9. Classes
+ - 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
+ - 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
+ - 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example
+ - 9.3. A First Look at Classes
+ - 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
+ - 9.3.2. Class Objects
+ - 9.3.3. Instance Objects
+ - 9.3.4. Method Objects
+ - 9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables
+ - 9.4. Random Remarks
+ - 9.5. Inheritance
+ - 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
+ - 9.6. Private Variables
+ - 9.7. Odds and Ends
+ - 9.8. Iterators
+ - 9.9. Generators
+ - 9.10. Generator Expressions
+- 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
+ - 10.1. Operating System Interface
+ - 10.2. File Wildcards
+ - 10.3. Command Line Arguments
+ - 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
+ - 10.5. String Pattern Matching
+ - 10.6. Mathematics
+ - 10.7. Internet Access
+ - 10.8. Dates and Times
+ - 10.9. Data Compression
+ - 10.10. Performance Measurement
+ - 10.11. Quality Control
+ - 10.12. Batteries Included
+- 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
+ - 11.1. Output Formatting
+ - 11.2. Templating
+ - 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
+ - 11.4. Multi-threading
+ - 11.5. Logging
+ - 11.6. Weak References
+ - 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
+ - 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
+- 12. Virtual Environments and Packages
+ - 12.1. Introduction
+ - 12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
+ - 12.3. Managing Packages with pip
+- 13. What Now?
+- 14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
+ - 14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
+ - 14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
+- 15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
+ - 15.1. Representation Error
+- 16. Appendix
+ - 16.1. Interactive Mode
+ - 16.1.1. Error Handling
+ - 16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts
+ - 16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File
+ - 16.1.4. The Customization Modules
#### Previous topic
@@ -172,19 +173,19 @@ The Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/inputoutput.md b/DOCS/tutorial/inputoutput.md
index 2a1e0275..571a93b6 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/inputoutput.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/inputoutput.md
@@ -1,45 +1,47 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](errors.html "8. Errors and Exceptions") |
-- [previous](modules.html "6. Modules") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](errors.html "8. Errors and Exceptions") |
+- [previous](modules.html "6. Modules") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 7. Input and Output
+7. Input and Output
+==============================================================================================================================================
There are several ways to present the output of a program; data can be printed in a human-readable form, or written to a file for future use. This chapter will discuss some of the possibilities.
-## 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
+7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-So far we’ve encountered two ways of writing values: _expression statements_ and the print ()
function. (A third way is using the `write()` method of file objects; the standard output file can be referenced as `sys.stdout`. See the Library Reference for more information on this.)
+So far we’ve encountered two ways of writing values: *expression statements* and the print ()
function. (A third way is using the `write()` method of file objects; the standard output file can be referenced as `sys.stdout`. See the Library Reference for more information on this.)
Often you’ll want more control over the formatting of your output than simply printing space-separated values. There are several ways to format output.
-- To use formatted string literals , begin a string with `f` or `F` before the opening quotation mark or triple quotation mark. Inside this string, you can write a Python expression between `{` and `}` characters that can refer to variables or literal values.
+- To use formatted string literals , begin a string with `f` or `F` before the opening quotation mark or triple quotation mark. Inside this string, you can write a Python expression between `{` and `}` characters that can refer to variables or literal values.
- >>> year = 2016
- >>> event = 'Referendum'
- >>> f'Results of the {year} {event}'
- 'Results of the 2016 Referendum'
+ >>> year = 2016
+ >>> event = 'Referendum'
+ >>> f'Results of the {year} {event}'
+ 'Results of the 2016 Referendum'
-- The str .format ()
method of strings requires more manual effort. You’ll still use `{` and `}` to mark where a variable will be substituted and can provide detailed formatting directives, but you’ll also need to provide the information to be formatted.
+- The str .format ()
method of strings requires more manual effort. You’ll still use `{` and `}` to mark where a variable will be substituted and can provide detailed formatting directives, but you’ll also need to provide the information to be formatted.
- >>> yes_votes = 42_572_654
- >>> no_votes = 43_132_495
- >>> percentage = yes_votes / (yes_votes + no_votes)
- >>> '{:-9} YES votes {:2.2%}'.format(yes_votes, percentage)
- ' 42572654 YES votes 49.67%'
+ >>> yes_votes = 42_572_654
+ >>> no_votes = 43_132_495
+ >>> percentage = yes_votes / (yes_votes + no_votes)
+ >>> '{:-9} YES votes {:2.2%}'.format(yes_votes, percentage)
+ ' 42572654 YES votes 49.67%'
-- Finally, you can do all the string handling yourself by using string slicing and concatenation operations to create any layout you can imagine. The string type has some methods that perform useful operations for padding strings to a given column width.
+- Finally, you can do all the string handling yourself by using string slicing and concatenation operations to create any layout you can imagine. The string type has some methods that perform useful operations for padding strings to a given column width.
When you don’t need fancy output but just want a quick display of some variables for debugging purposes, you can convert any value to a string with the repr ()
or str ()
functions.
@@ -208,15 +210,16 @@ More information can be found in the
-## 7.2. Reading and Writing Files
+7.2. Reading and Writing Files
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
open ()
returns a file object , and is most commonly used with two arguments: `open(filename, mode)`.
>>> f = open('workfile', 'w')
-The first argument is a string containing the filename. The second argument is another string containing a few characters describing the way in which the file will be used. _mode_ can be `'r'` when the file will only be read, `'w'` for only writing (an existing file with the same name will be erased), and `'a'` opens the file for appending; any data written to the file is automatically added to the end. `'r+'` opens the file for both reading and writing. The _mode_ argument is optional; `'r'` will be assumed if it’s omitted.
+The first argument is a string containing the filename. The second argument is another string containing a few characters describing the way in which the file will be used. *mode* can be `'r'` when the file will only be read, `'w'` for only writing (an existing file with the same name will be erased), and `'a'` opens the file for appending; any data written to the file is automatically added to the end. `'r+'` opens the file for both reading and writing. The *mode* argument is optional; `'r'` will be assumed if it’s omitted.
-Normally, files are opened in _text mode_, that means, you read and write strings from and to the file, which are encoded in a specific encoding. If encoding is not specified, the default is platform dependent (see open ()
). `'b'` appended to the mode opens the file in _binary mode_: now the data is read and written in the form of bytes objects. This mode should be used for all files that don’t contain text.
+Normally, files are opened in *text mode*, that means, you read and write strings from and to the file, which are encoded in a specific encoding. If encoding is not specified, the default is platform dependent (see open ()
). `'b'` appended to the mode opens the file in *binary mode*: now the data is read and written in the form of bytes objects. This mode should be used for all files that don’t contain text.
In text mode, the default when reading is to convert platform-specific line endings (`\n` on Unix, `\r\n` on Windows) to just `\n`. When writing in text mode, the default is to convert occurrences of `\n` back to platform-specific line endings. This behind-the-scenes modification to file data is fine for text files, but will corrupt binary data like that in `JPEG` or `EXE` files. Be very careful to use binary mode when reading and writing such files.
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ After a file object is closed, either by a int ()
, which takes a string like `'123'` and returns its numeric value 123. When you want to save more complex data types like nested lists and dictionaries, parsing and serializing by hand becomes complicated.
-Rather than having users constantly writing and debugging code to save complicated data types to files, Python allows you to use the popular data interchange format called JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) . The standard module called json
can take Python data hierarchies, and convert them to string representations; this process is called _serializing_. Reconstructing the data from the string representation is called _deserializing_. Between serializing and deserializing, the string representing the object may have been stored in a file or data, or sent over a network connection to some distant machine.
+Rather than having users constantly writing and debugging code to save complicated data types to files, Python allows you to use the popular data interchange format called JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) . The standard module called json
can take Python data hierarchies, and convert them to string representations; this process is called *serializing*. Reconstructing the data from the string representation is called *deserializing*. Between serializing and deserializing, the string representing the object may have been stored in a file or data, or sent over a network connection to some distant machine.
Note
@@ -340,19 +343,19 @@ See also
pickle
- the pickle module
-Contrary to JSON , _pickle_ is a protocol which allows the serialization of arbitrarily complex Python objects. As such, it is specific to Python and cannot be used to communicate with applications written in other languages. It is also insecure by default: deserializing pickle data coming from an untrusted source can execute arbitrary code, if the data was crafted by a skilled attacker.
+Contrary to JSON , *pickle* is a protocol which allows the serialization of arbitrarily complex Python objects. As such, it is specific to Python and cannot be used to communicate with applications written in other languages. It is also insecure by default: deserializing pickle data coming from an untrusted source can execute arbitrary code, if the data was crafted by a skilled attacker.
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 7. Input and Output
- - 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
- - 7.1.1. Formatted String Literals
- - 7.1.2. The String format() Method
- - 7.1.3. Manual String Formatting
- - 7.1.4. Old string formatting
- - 7.2. Reading and Writing Files
- - 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
- - 7.2.2. Saving structured data with json
+- 7. Input and Output
+ - 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
+ - 7.1.1. Formatted String Literals
+ - 7.1.2. The String format() Method
+ - 7.1.3. Manual String Formatting
+ - 7.1.4. Old string formatting
+ - 7.2. Reading and Writing Files
+ - 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
+ - 7.2.2. Saving structured data with json
#### Previous topic
@@ -364,20 +367,20 @@ Contrary to Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -109,8 +109,7 @@
class="reference internal"
title="object.__getattr__"
>getattr ()
getattr ()
method is part of the expression. The default configuration also saves
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/interactive.md b/DOCS/tutorial/interactive.md
index a9fa6408..8f24db15 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/interactive.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/interactive.md
@@ -1,30 +1,33 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](floatingpoint.html "15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations") |
-- [previous](whatnow.html "13. What Now?") |
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-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
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+- [previous](whatnow.html "13. What Now?") |
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+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
+14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
+===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Some versions of the Python interpreter support editing of the current input line and history substitution, similar to facilities found in the Korn shell and the GNU Bash shell. This is implemented using the GNU Readline library, which supports various styles of editing. This library has its own documentation which we won’t duplicate here.
-## 14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
+14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Completion of variable and module names is automatically enabled at interpreter startup so that the Tab key invokes the completion function; it looks at Python statement names, the current local variables, and the available module names. For dotted expressions such as `string.a`, it will evaluate the expression up to the final `'.'` and then suggest completions from the attributes of the resulting object. Note that this may execute application-defined code if an object with a getattr ()
method is part of the expression. The default configuration also saves your history into a file named `.python_history` in your user directory. The history will be available again during the next interactive interpreter session.
-## 14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
+14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This facility is an enormous step forward compared to earlier versions of the interpreter; however, some wishes are left: It would be nice if the proper indentation were suggested on continuation lines (the parser knows if an indent token is required next). The completion mechanism might use the interpreter’s symbol table. A command to check (or even suggest) matching parentheses, quotes, etc., would also be useful.
@@ -32,9 +35,9 @@ One alternative enhanced interactive interpreter that has been around for quite
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
- - 14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
- - 14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
+- 14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
+ - 14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
+ - 14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
#### Previous topic
@@ -46,20 +49,20 @@ One alternative enhanced interactive interpreter that has been around for quite
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/interactive.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/interactive.rst)
### Navigation
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-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](floatingpoint.html "15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations") |
+- [previous](whatnow.html "13. What Now?") |
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+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.html b/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.html
index 8f7f8a12..fc05f1b4 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.md b/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.md
index ffca4027..50e6a692 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/interpreter.md
@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](introduction.html "3. An Informal Introduction to Python") |
-- [previous](appetite.html "1. Whetting Your Appetite") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](introduction.html "3. An Informal Introduction to Python") |
+- [previous](appetite.html "1. Whetting Your Appetite") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 2. Using the Python Interpreter
+2. Using the Python Interpreter
+======================================================================================================================================================================
-## 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
+2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Python interpreter is usually installed as `/usr/local/bin/python3.9` on those machines where it is available; putting `/usr/local/bin` in your Unix shell’s search path makes it possible to start it by typing the command:
@@ -30,11 +32,11 @@ Typing an end-of-file character (Control-D on Unix, Control-Z on Windows) at the
The interpreter’s line-editing features include interactive editing, history substitution and code completion on systems that support the GNU Readline library. Perhaps the quickest check to see whether command line editing is supported is typing Control-P to the first Python prompt you get. If it beeps, you have command line editing; see Appendix Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution for an introduction to the keys. If nothing appears to happen, or if `^P` is echoed, command line editing isn’t available; you’ll only be able to use backspace to remove characters from the current line.
-The interpreter operates somewhat like the Unix shell: when called with standard input connected to a tty device, it reads and executes commands interactively; when called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and executes a _script_ from that file.
+The interpreter operates somewhat like the Unix shell: when called with standard input connected to a tty device, it reads and executes commands interactively; when called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and executes a *script* from that file.
-A second way of starting the interpreter is `python -c command [arg] ...`, which executes the statement(s) in _command_, analogous to the shell’s -c
option. Since Python statements often contain spaces or other characters that are special to the shell, it is usually advised to quote _command_ in its entirety with single quotes.
+A second way of starting the interpreter is `python -c command [arg] ...`, which executes the statement(s) in *command*, analogous to the shell’s -c
option. Since Python statements often contain spaces or other characters that are special to the shell, it is usually advised to quote *command* in its entirety with single quotes.
-Some Python modules are also useful as scripts. These can be invoked using `python -m module [arg] ...`, which executes the source file for _module_ as if you had spelled out its full name on the command line.
+Some Python modules are also useful as scripts. These can be invoked using `python -m module [arg] ...`, which executes the source file for *module* as if you had spelled out its full name on the command line.
When a script file is used, it is sometimes useful to be able to run the script and enter interactive mode afterwards. This can be done by passing -i
before the script.
@@ -44,13 +46,13 @@ All command line options are described in 2.1.1. Argument Passing
-When known to the interpreter, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are turned into a list of strings and assigned to the `argv` variable in the `sys` module. You can access this list by executing `import sys`. The length of the list is at least one; when no script and no arguments are given, `sys.argv[0]` is an empty string. When the script name is given as `'-'` (meaning standard input), `sys.argv[0]` is set to `'-'`. When -c
_command_ is used, `sys.argv[0]` is set to `'-c'`. When -m
_module_ is used, `sys.argv[0]` is set to the full name of the located module. Options found after -c
_command_ or -m
_module_ are not consumed by the Python interpreter’s option processing but left in `sys.argv` for the command or module to handle.
+When known to the interpreter, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are turned into a list of strings and assigned to the `argv` variable in the `sys` module. You can access this list by executing `import sys`. The length of the list is at least one; when no script and no arguments are given, `sys.argv[0]` is an empty string. When the script name is given as `'-'` (meaning standard input), `sys.argv[0]` is set to `'-'`. When -c
*command* is used, `sys.argv[0]` is set to `'-c'`. When -m
*module* is used, `sys.argv[0]` is set to the full name of the located module. Options found after -c
*command* or -m
*module* are not consumed by the Python interpreter’s option processing but left in `sys.argv` for the command or module to handle.
### 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
-When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is said to be in _interactive mode_. In this mode it prompts for the next command with the _primary prompt_, usually three greater-than signs (`>>>`); for continuation lines it prompts with the _secondary prompt_, by default three dots (`...`). The interpreter prints a welcome message stating its version number and a copyright notice before printing the first prompt:
+When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is said to be in *interactive mode*. In this mode it prompts for the next command with the *primary prompt*, usually three greater-than signs (`>>>`); for continuation lines it prompts with the *secondary prompt*, by default three dots (`...`). The interpreter prints a welcome message stating its version number and a copyright notice before printing the first prompt:
$ python3.9
Python 3.9 (default, June 4 2019, 09:25:04)
@@ -70,7 +72,8 @@ For more on interactive mode, see
-## 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
+2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -78,17 +81,17 @@ For more on interactive mode, see codecs
supported by Python.
+where *encoding* is one of the valid codecs
supported by Python.
For example, to declare that Windows-1252 encoding is to be used, the first line of your source code file should be:
# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-
-One exception to the _first line_ rule is when the source code starts with a UNIX “shebang” line . In this case, the encoding declaration should be added as the second line of the file. For example:
+One exception to the *first line* rule is when the source code starts with a UNIX “shebang” line . In this case, the encoding declaration should be added as the second line of the file. For example:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-
@@ -100,12 +103,12 @@ On Unix, the Python 3.x interpreter is by default not installed with the executa
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 2. Using the Python Interpreter
- - 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
- - 2.1.1. Argument Passing
- - 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
- - 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
- - 2.2.1. Source Code Encoding
+- 2. Using the Python Interpreter
+ - 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
+ - 2.1.1. Argument Passing
+ - 2.1.2. Interactive Mode
+ - 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
+ - 2.2.1. Source Code Encoding
#### Previous topic
@@ -117,20 +120,20 @@ On Unix, the Python 3.x interpreter is by default not installed with the executa
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/interpreter.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/interpreter.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](introduction.html "3. An Informal Introduction to Python") |
-- [previous](appetite.html "1. Whetting Your Appetite") |
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-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](introduction.html "3. An Informal Introduction to Python") |
+- [previous](appetite.html "1. Whetting Your Appetite") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.html b/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.html
index 76a7eee1..149ff69e 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.md b/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.md
index 97c4e74f..65dd120a 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/introduction.md
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
-- [previous](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
+- [previous](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 3. An Informal Introduction to Python
+3. An Informal Introduction to Python
+==================================================================================================================================================================================
In the following examples, input and output are distinguished by the presence or absence of prompts (>>> and … ): to repeat the example, you must type everything after the prompt, when the prompt appears; lines that do not begin with a prompt are output from the interpreter. Note that a secondary prompt on a line by itself in an example means you must type a blank line; this is used to end a multi-line command.
@@ -27,7 +28,8 @@ Some examples:
-## 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
+3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Let’s try some simple Python commands. Start the interpreter and wait for the primary prompt, `>>>`. (It shouldn’t take long.)
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ In the interactive interpreter, the output string is enclosed in quotes and spec
First line.
Second line.
-If you don’t want characters prefaced by `\` to be interpreted as special characters, you can use _raw strings_ by adding an `r` before the first quote:
+If you don’t want characters prefaced by `\` to be interpreted as special characters, you can use *raw strings* by adding an `r` before the first quote:
>>> print('C:\some\name') # here \n means newline!
C:\some
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the `+` operator, and repeated
>>> 3 * 'un' + 'ium'
'unununium'
-Two or more _string literals_ (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes) next to each other are automatically concatenated.
+Two or more *string literals* (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes) next to each other are automatically concatenated.
>>> 'Py' 'thon'
'Python'
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ If you want to concatenate variables or a variable and a literal, use `+`:
>>> prefix + 'thon'
'Python'
-Strings can be _indexed_ (subscripted), with the first character having index 0. There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string of size one:
+Strings can be *indexed* (subscripted), with the first character having index 0. There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string of size one:
>>> word = 'Python'
>>> word[0] # character in position 0
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ Indices may also be negative numbers, to start counting from the right:
Note that since -0 is the same as 0, negative indices start from -1.
-In addition to indexing, _slicing_ is also supported. While indexing is used to obtain individual characters, _slicing_ allows you to obtain substring:
+In addition to indexing, *slicing* is also supported. While indexing is used to obtain individual characters, *slicing* allows you to obtain substring:
>>> word[0:2] # characters from position 0 (included) to 2 (excluded)
'Py'
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ Slice indices have useful defaults; an omitted first index defaults to zero, an
>>> word[-2:] # characters from the second-last (included) to the end
'on'
-One way to remember how slices work is to think of the indices as pointing _between_ characters, with the left edge of the first character numbered 0. Then the right edge of the last character of a string of _n_ characters has index _n_, for example:
+One way to remember how slices work is to think of the indices as pointing *between* characters, with the left edge of the first character numbered 0. Then the right edge of the last character of a string of *n* characters has index *n*, for example:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | y | t | h | o | n |
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ One way to remember how slices work is to think of the indices as pointing _betw
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-The first row of numbers gives the position of the indices 0…6 in the string; the second row gives the corresponding negative indices. The slice from _i_ to _j_ consists of all characters between the edges labeled _i_ and _j_, respectively.
+The first row of numbers gives the position of the indices 0…6 in the string; the second row gives the corresponding negative indices. The slice from *i* to *j* consists of all characters between the edges labeled *i* and *j*, respectively.
For non-negative indices, the length of a slice is the difference of the indices, if both are within bounds. For example, the length of `word[1:3]` is 2.
@@ -287,7 +289,7 @@ The built-in function Text Sequence Type — str
-Strings are examples of _sequence types_, and support the common operations supported by such types.
+Strings are examples of *sequence types*, and support the common operations supported by such types.
String Methods
Strings support a large number of methods for basic transformations and searching.
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ The old formatting operations invoked when strings are the left operand of the `
### 3.1.3. Lists
-Python knows a number of _compound_ data types, used to group together other values. The most versatile is the _list_, which can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Lists might contain items of different types, but usually the items all have the same type.
+Python knows a number of *compound* data types, used to group together other values. The most versatile is the *list*, which can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Lists might contain items of different types, but usually the items all have the same type.
>>> squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
>>> squares
@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ Unlike strings, which are
-## 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
+3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Of course, we can use Python for more complicated tasks than adding two and two together. For instance, we can write an initial sub-sequence of the Fibonacci series as follows:
@@ -405,26 +408,26 @@ Of course, we can use Python for more complicated tasks than adding two and two
This example introduces several new features.
-- The first line contains a _multiple assignment_: the variables `a` and `b` simultaneously get the new values 0 and 1. On the last line this is used again, demonstrating that the expressions on the right-hand side are all evaluated first before any of the assignments take place. The right-hand side expressions are evaluated from the left to the right.
+- The first line contains a *multiple assignment*: the variables `a` and `b` simultaneously get the new values 0 and 1. On the last line this is used again, demonstrating that the expressions on the right-hand side are all evaluated first before any of the assignments take place. The right-hand side expressions are evaluated from the left to the right.
-- The while
loop executes as long as the condition (here: `a < 10`) remains true. In Python, like in C, any non-zero integer value is true; zero is false. The condition may also be a string or list value, in fact any sequence; anything with a non-zero length is true, empty sequences are false. The test used in the example is a simple comparison. The standard comparison operators are written the same as in C: `<` (less than), `>` (greater than), `==` (equal to), `<=` (less than or equal to), `>=` (greater than or equal to) and `!=` (not equal to).
+- The while
loop executes as long as the condition (here: `a < 10`) remains true. In Python, like in C, any non-zero integer value is true; zero is false. The condition may also be a string or list value, in fact any sequence; anything with a non-zero length is true, empty sequences are false. The test used in the example is a simple comparison. The standard comparison operators are written the same as in C: `<` (less than), `>` (greater than), `==` (equal to), `<=` (less than or equal to), `>=` (greater than or equal to) and `!=` (not equal to).
-- The _body_ of the loop is _indented_: indentation is Python’s way of grouping statements. At the interactive prompt, you have to type a tab or space(s) for each indented line. In practice you will prepare more complicated input for Python with a text editor; all decent text editors have an auto-indent facility. When a compound statement is entered interactively, it must be followed by a blank line to indicate completion (since the parser cannot guess when you have typed the last line). Note that each line within a basic block must be indented by the same amount.
+- The *body* of the loop is *indented*: indentation is Python’s way of grouping statements. At the interactive prompt, you have to type a tab or space(s) for each indented line. In practice you will prepare more complicated input for Python with a text editor; all decent text editors have an auto-indent facility. When a compound statement is entered interactively, it must be followed by a blank line to indicate completion (since the parser cannot guess when you have typed the last line). Note that each line within a basic block must be indented by the same amount.
-- The print ()
function writes the value of the argument(s) it is given. It differs from just writing the expression you want to write (as we did earlier in the calculator examples) in the way it handles multiple arguments, floating point quantities, and strings. Strings are printed without quotes, and a space is inserted between items, so you can format things nicely, like this:
+- The print ()
function writes the value of the argument(s) it is given. It differs from just writing the expression you want to write (as we did earlier in the calculator examples) in the way it handles multiple arguments, floating point quantities, and strings. Strings are printed without quotes, and a space is inserted between items, so you can format things nicely, like this:
- >>> i = 256*256
- >>> print('The value of i is', i)
- The value of i is 65536
+ >>> i = 256*256
+ >>> print('The value of i is', i)
+ The value of i is 65536
- The keyword argument _end_ can be used to avoid the newline after the output, or end the output with a different string:
+ The keyword argument *end* can be used to avoid the newline after the output, or end the output with a different string:
- >>> a, b = 0, 1
- >>> while a < 1000:
- ... print(a, end=',')
- ... a, b = b, a+b
- ...
- 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,987,
+ >>> a, b = 0, 1
+ >>> while a < 1000:
+ ... print(a, end=',')
+ ... a, b = b, a+b
+ ...
+ 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,987,
Footnotes
@@ -436,12 +439,12 @@ Unlike other languages, special characters such as `\n` have the same meaning wi
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 3. An Informal Introduction to Python
- - 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
- - 3.1.1. Numbers
- - 3.1.2. Strings
- - 3.1.3. Lists
- - 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
+- 3. An Informal Introduction to Python
+ - 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
+ - 3.1.1. Numbers
+ - 3.1.2. Strings
+ - 3.1.3. Lists
+ - 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
#### Previous topic
@@ -453,20 +456,20 @@ Unlike other languages, special characters such as `\n` have the same meaning wi
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
-- [previous](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
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-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](controlflow.html "4. More Control Flow Tools") |
+- [previous](interpreter.html "2. Using the Python Interpreter") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
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+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/modules.html b/DOCS/tutorial/modules.html
index 97e50bd0..cdf3b34d 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/modules.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/modules.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@
href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/import.html#__path__"
class="reference internal"
title="__path__"
- >path
path
. This is initialized to be a list containing the name of the directory
holding the package’s __init__.py
before the code in that
file is executed. This variable can be modified; doing so affects future
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/modules.md b/DOCS/tutorial/modules.md
index 77dc96f1..28f1eb61 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/modules.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/modules.md
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
-- [previous](datastructures.html "5. Data Structures") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
+- [previous](datastructures.html "5. Data Structures") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 6. Modules
+6. Modules
+============================================================================================================================
-If you quit from the Python interpreter and enter it again, the definitions you have made (functions and variables) are lost. Therefore, if you want to write a somewhat longer program, you are better off using a text editor to prepare the input for the interpreter and running it with that file as input instead. This is known as creating a _script_. As your program gets longer, you may want to split it into several files for easier maintenance. You may also want to use a handy function that you’ve written in several programs without copying its definition into each program.
+If you quit from the Python interpreter and enter it again, the definitions you have made (functions and variables) are lost. Therefore, if you want to write a somewhat longer program, you are better off using a text editor to prepare the input for the interpreter and running it with that file as input instead. This is known as creating a *script*. As your program gets longer, you may want to split it into several files for easier maintenance. You may also want to use a handy function that you’ve written in several programs without copying its definition into each program.
-To support this, Python has a way to put definitions in a file and use them in a script or in an interactive instance of the interpreter. Such a file is called a _module_; definitions from a module can be _imported_ into other modules or into the _main_ module (the collection of variables that you have access to in a script executed at the top level and in calculator mode).
+To support this, Python has a way to put definitions in a file and use them in a script or in an interactive instance of the interpreter. Such a file is called a *module*; definitions from a module can be *imported* into other modules or into the *main* module (the collection of variables that you have access to in a script executed at the top level and in calculator mode).
A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name with the suffix `.py` appended. Within a module, the module’s name (as a string) is available as the value of the global variable `__name__`. For instance, use your favorite text editor to create a file called `fibo.py` in the current directory with the following contents:
@@ -58,9 +59,10 @@ If you intend to use a function often you can assign it to a local name:
-## 6.1. More on Modules
+6.1. More on Modules
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-A module can contain executable statements as well as function definitions. These statements are intended to initialize the module. They are executed only the _first_ time the module name is encountered in an import statement. (They are also run if the file is executed as a script.)
+A module can contain executable statements as well as function definitions. These statements are intended to initialize the module. They are executed only the *first* time the module name is encountered in an import statement. (They are also run if the file is executed as a script.)
Each module has its own private symbol table, which is used as the global symbol table by all functions defined in the module. Thus, the author of a module can use global variables in the module without worrying about accidental clashes with a user’s global variables. On the other hand, if you know what you are doing you can touch a module’s global variables with the same notation used to refer to its functions, `modname.itemname`.
@@ -134,11 +136,11 @@ This is often used either to provide a convenient user interface to a module, or
When a module named `spam` is imported, the interpreter first searches for a built-in module with that name. If not found, it then searches for a file named `spam.py` in a list of directories given by the variable sys.path
. sys.path
is initialized from these locations:
-- The directory containing the input script (or the current directory when no file is specified).
+- The directory containing the input script (or the current directory when no file is specified).
-- PYTHONPATH
(a list of directory names, with the same syntax as the shell variable `PATH`).
+- PYTHONPATH
(a list of directory names, with the same syntax as the shell variable `PATH`).
-- The installation-dependent default.
+- The installation-dependent default.
Note
@@ -156,17 +158,18 @@ Python does not check the cache in two circumstances. First, it always recompile
Some tips for experts:
-- You can use the -O
or -OO
switches on the Python command to reduce the size of a compiled module. The `-O` switch removes assert statements, the `-OO` switch removes both assert statements and \_\_doc\_\_ strings. Since some programs may rely on having these available, you should only use this option if you know what you’re doing. “Optimized” modules have an `opt-` tag and are usually smaller. Future releases may change the effects of optimization.
+- You can use the -O
or -OO
switches on the Python command to reduce the size of a compiled module. The `-O` switch removes assert statements, the `-OO` switch removes both assert statements and \_\_doc\_\_ strings. Since some programs may rely on having these available, you should only use this option if you know what you’re doing. “Optimized” modules have an `opt-` tag and are usually smaller. Future releases may change the effects of optimization.
-- A program doesn’t run any faster when it is read from a `.pyc` file than when it is read from a `.py` file; the only thing that’s faster about `.pyc` files is the speed with which they are loaded.
+- A program doesn’t run any faster when it is read from a `.pyc` file than when it is read from a `.py` file; the only thing that’s faster about `.pyc` files is the speed with which they are loaded.
-- The module compileall
can create .pyc files for all modules in a directory.
+- The module compileall
can create .pyc files for all modules in a directory.
-- There is more detail on this process, including a flow chart of the decisions, in PEP 3147 .
+- There is more detail on this process, including a flow chart of the decisions, in PEP 3147 .
-## 6.2. Standard Modules
+6.2. Standard Modules
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Python comes with a library of standard modules, described in a separate document, the Python Library Reference (“Library Reference” hereafter). Some modules are built into the interpreter; these provide access to operations that are not part of the core of the language but are nevertheless built in, either for efficiency or to provide access to operating system primitives such as system calls. The set of such modules is a configuration option which also depends on the underlying platform. For example, the winreg
module is only provided on Windows systems. One particular module deserves some attention: sys
, which is built into every Python interpreter. The variables `sys.ps1` and `sys.ps2` define the strings used as primary and secondary prompts:
@@ -189,7 +192,8 @@ The variable `sys.path` is a list of strings that determines the interpreter’s
-## 6.3. The dir ()
Function
+6.3. The dir ()
Function
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The built-in function dir ()
is used to find out which names a module defines. It returns a sorted list of strings:
@@ -265,7 +269,8 @@ Note that it lists all types of names: variables, modules, functions, etc.
-## 6.4. Packages
+6.4. Packages
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Packages are a way of structuring Python’s module namespace by using “dotted module names”. For example, the module name `A.B` designates a submodule named `B` in a package named `A`. Just like the use of modules saves the authors of different modules from having to worry about each other’s global variable names, the use of dotted module names saves the authors of multi-module packages like NumPy or Pillow from having to worry about each other’s module names.
@@ -339,7 +344,7 @@ The only solution is for the package author to provide an explicit index of the
This would mean that `from sound.effects import *` would import the three named submodules of the `sound` package.
-If `__all__` is not defined, the statement `from sound.effects import *` does _not_ import all submodules from the package `sound.effects` into the current namespace; it only ensures that the package `sound.effects` has been imported (possibly running any initialization code in `__init__.py`) and then imports whatever names are defined in the package. This includes any names defined (and submodules explicitly loaded) by `__init__.py`. It also includes any submodules of the package that were explicitly loaded by previous import
statements. Consider this code:
+If `__all__` is not defined, the statement `from sound.effects import *` does *not* import all submodules from the package `sound.effects` into the current namespace; it only ensures that the package `sound.effects` has been imported (possibly running any initialization code in `__init__.py`) and then imports whatever names are defined in the package. This includes any names defined (and submodules explicitly loaded) by `__init__.py`. It also includes any submodules of the package that were explicitly loaded by previous import
statements. Consider this code:
import sound.effects.echo
import sound.effects.surround
@@ -376,17 +381,17 @@ In fact function definitions are also ‘statements’ that are ‘executed’;
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 6. Modules
- - 6.1. More on Modules
- - 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
- - 6.1.2. The Module Search Path
- - 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
- - 6.2. Standard Modules
- - 6.3. The dir ()
Function
- - 6.4. Packages
- - 6.4.1. Importing \* From a Package
- - 6.4.2. Intra-package References
- - 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
+- 6. Modules
+ - 6.1. More on Modules
+ - 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
+ - 6.1.2. The Module Search Path
+ - 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
+ - 6.2. Standard Modules
+ - 6.3. The dir ()
Function
+ - 6.4. Packages
+ - 6.4.1. Importing * From a Package
+ - 6.4.2. Intra-package References
+ - 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
#### Previous topic
@@ -398,20 +403,20 @@ In fact function definitions are also ‘statements’ that are ‘executed’;
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/modules.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/modules.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
-- [previous](datastructures.html "5. Data Structures") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](inputoutput.html "7. Input and Output") |
+- [previous](datastructures.html "5. Data Structures") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.html b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.html
index 590aeed0..af8519c7 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.md b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.md
index 3a51b2bf..b28a68df 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib.md
@@ -1,22 +1,24 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
-- [previous](classes.html "9. Classes") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
+- [previous](classes.html "9. Classes") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
+10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
+===================================================================================================================================================================================
-## 10.1. Operating System Interface
+10.1. Operating System Interface
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The os
module provides dozens of functions for interacting with the operating system:
@@ -47,7 +49,8 @@ For daily file and directory management tasks, the
-## 10.2. File Wildcards
+10.2. File Wildcards
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The glob
module provides a function for making file lists from directory wildcard searches:
@@ -57,9 +60,10 @@ The
-## 10.3. Command Line Arguments
+10.3. Command Line Arguments
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Common utility scripts often need to process command line arguments. These arguments are stored in the sys
module’s _argv_ attribute as a list. For instance the following output results from running `python demo.py one two three` at the command line:
+Common utility scripts often need to process command line arguments. These arguments are stored in the sys
module’s *argv* attribute as a list. For instance the following output results from running `python demo.py one two three` at the command line:
>>> import sys
>>> print(sys.argv)
@@ -80,9 +84,10 @@ When run at the command line with `python top.py --lines=5 alpha.txt beta.txt`,
-## 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
+10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-The sys
module also has attributes for _stdin_, _stdout_, and _stderr_. The latter is useful for emitting warnings and error messages to make them visible even when _stdout_ has been redirected:
+The sys
module also has attributes for *stdin*, *stdout*, and *stderr*. The latter is useful for emitting warnings and error messages to make them visible even when *stdout* has been redirected:
>>> sys.stderr.write('Warning, log file not found starting a new one\n')
Warning, log file not found starting a new one
@@ -91,7 +96,8 @@ The most direct way to terminate a script is to use `sys.exit()`.
-## 10.5. String Pattern Matching
+10.5. String Pattern Matching
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The re
module provides regular expression tools for advanced string processing. For complex matching and manipulation, regular expressions offer succinct, optimized solutions:
@@ -108,7 +114,8 @@ When only simple capabilities are needed, string methods are preferred because t
-## 10.6. Mathematics
+10.6. Mathematics
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The math
module gives access to the underlying C library functions for floating point math:
@@ -145,7 +152,8 @@ The SciPy project <ht
-## 10.7. Internet Access
+10.7. Internet Access
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are a number of modules for accessing the internet and processing internet protocols. Two of the simplest are urllib.request
for retrieving data from URLs and smtplib
for sending mail:
@@ -172,7 +180,8 @@ There are a number of modules for accessing the internet and processing internet
-## 10.8. Dates and Times
+10.8. Dates and Times
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The datetime
module supplies classes for manipulating dates and times in both simple and complex ways. While date and time arithmetic is supported, the focus of the implementation is on efficient member extraction for output formatting and manipulation. The module also supports objects that are timezone aware.
@@ -192,7 +201,8 @@ The
-## 10.9. Data Compression
+10.9. Data Compression
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common data archiving and compression formats are directly supported by modules including: zlib
, gzip
, bz2
, lzma
, zipfile
and tarfile
.
@@ -210,7 +220,8 @@ Common data archiving and compression formats are directly supported by modules
-## 10.10. Performance Measurement
+10.10. Performance Measurement
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some Python users develop a deep interest in knowing the relative performance of different approaches to the same problem. Python provides a measurement tool that answers those questions immediately.
@@ -226,7 +237,8 @@ In contrast to
-## 10.11. Quality Control
+10.11. Quality Control
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
One approach for developing high quality software is to write tests for each function as it is developed and to run those tests frequently during the development process.
@@ -261,35 +273,36 @@ The
-## 10.12. Batteries Included
+10.12. Batteries Included
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Python has a “batteries included” philosophy. This is best seen through the sophisticated and robust capabilities of its larger packages. For example:
-- The xmlrpc.client
and xmlrpc.server
modules make implementing remote procedure calls into an almost trivial task. Despite the modules names, no direct knowledge or handling of XML is needed.
+- The xmlrpc.client
and xmlrpc.server
modules make implementing remote procedure calls into an almost trivial task. Despite the modules names, no direct knowledge or handling of XML is needed.
-- The email
package is a library for managing email messages, including MIME and other RFC 2822 -based message documents. Unlike smtplib
and poplib
which actually send and receive messages, the email package has a complete toolset for building or decoding complex message structures (including attachments) and for implementing internet encoding and header protocols.
+- The email
package is a library for managing email messages, including MIME and other RFC 2822 -based message documents. Unlike smtplib
and poplib
which actually send and receive messages, the email package has a complete toolset for building or decoding complex message structures (including attachments) and for implementing internet encoding and header protocols.
-- The json
package provides robust support for parsing this popular data interchange format. The csv
module supports direct reading and writing of files in Comma-Separated Value format, commonly supported by databases and spreadsheets. XML processing is supported by the xml.etree.ElementTree
, xml.dom
and xml.sax
packages. Together, these modules and packages greatly simplify data interchange between Python applications and other tools.
+- The json
package provides robust support for parsing this popular data interchange format. The csv
module supports direct reading and writing of files in Comma-Separated Value format, commonly supported by databases and spreadsheets. XML processing is supported by the xml.etree.ElementTree
, xml.dom
and xml.sax
packages. Together, these modules and packages greatly simplify data interchange between Python applications and other tools.
-- The sqlite3
module is a wrapper for the SQLite database library, providing a persistent database that can be updated and accessed using slightly nonstandard SQL syntax.
+- The sqlite3
module is a wrapper for the SQLite database library, providing a persistent database that can be updated and accessed using slightly nonstandard SQL syntax.
-- Internationalization is supported by a number of modules including gettext
, locale
, and the codecs
package.
+- Internationalization is supported by a number of modules including gettext
, locale
, and the codecs
package.
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
- - 10.1. Operating System Interface
- - 10.2. File Wildcards
- - 10.3. Command Line Arguments
- - 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
- - 10.5. String Pattern Matching
- - 10.6. Mathematics
- - 10.7. Internet Access
- - 10.8. Dates and Times
- - 10.9. Data Compression
- - 10.10. Performance Measurement
- - 10.11. Quality Control
- - 10.12. Batteries Included
+- 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
+ - 10.1. Operating System Interface
+ - 10.2. File Wildcards
+ - 10.3. Command Line Arguments
+ - 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
+ - 10.5. String Pattern Matching
+ - 10.6. Mathematics
+ - 10.7. Internet Access
+ - 10.8. Dates and Times
+ - 10.9. Data Compression
+ - 10.10. Performance Measurement
+ - 10.11. Quality Control
+ - 10.12. Batteries Included
#### Previous topic
@@ -301,20 +314,20 @@ Python has a “batteries included” philosophy. This is best seen through the
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/stdlib.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
-- [previous](classes.html "9. Classes") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
+- [previous](classes.html "9. Classes") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.html b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.html
index d723a5db..427ca418 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.html
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.md b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.md
index 985e050c..adc3c903 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/stdlib2.md
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](venv.html "12. Virtual Environments and Packages") |
-- [previous](stdlib.html "10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](venv.html "12. Virtual Environments and Packages") |
+- [previous](stdlib.html "10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
+11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
+=====================================================================================================================================================================================================
This second tour covers more advanced modules that support professional programming needs. These modules rarely occur in small scripts.
-## 11.1. Output Formatting
+11.1. Output Formatting
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The reprlib
module provides a version of repr ()
customized for abbreviated displays of large or deeply nested containers:
@@ -67,7 +69,8 @@ The
-## 11.2. Templating
+11.2. Templating
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The string
module includes a versatile Template
class with a simplified syntax suitable for editing by end-users. This allows users to customize their applications without having to alter the application.
@@ -113,7 +116,8 @@ Another application for templating is separating program logic from the details
-## 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
+11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The struct
module provides pack()
and unpack()
functions for working with variable length binary record formats. The following example shows how to loop through header information in a ZIP file without using the zipfile
module. Pack codes `"H"` and `"I"` represent two and four byte unsigned numbers respectively. The `"<"` indicates that they are standard size and in little-endian byte order:
@@ -138,7 +142,8 @@ The
-## 11.4. Multi-threading
+11.4. Multi-threading
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Threading is a technique for decoupling tasks which are not sequentially dependent. Threads can be used to improve the responsiveness of applications that accept user input while other tasks run in the background. A related use case is running I/O in parallel with computations in another thread.
@@ -171,7 +176,8 @@ While those tools are powerful, minor design errors can result in problems that
-## 11.5. Logging
+11.5. Logging
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The logging
module offers a full featured and flexible logging system. At its simplest, log messages are sent to a file or to `sys.stderr`:
@@ -194,7 +200,8 @@ The logging system can be configured directly from Python or can be loaded from
-## 11.6. Weak References
+11.6. Weak References
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Python does automatic memory management (reference counting for most objects and garbage collection to eliminate cycles). The memory is freed shortly after the last reference to it has been eliminated.
@@ -225,7 +232,8 @@ This approach works fine for most applications but occasionally there is a need
-## 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
+11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Many data structure needs can be met with the built-in list type. However, sometimes there is a need for alternative implementations with different performance trade-offs.
@@ -273,19 +281,20 @@ The
-## 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
+11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The decimal
module offers a Decimal
datatype for decimal floating point arithmetic. Compared to the built-in float
implementation of binary floating point, the class is especially helpful for
-- financial applications and other uses which require exact decimal representation,
+- financial applications and other uses which require exact decimal representation,
-- control over precision,
+- control over precision,
-- control over rounding to meet legal or regulatory requirements,
+- control over rounding to meet legal or regulatory requirements,
-- tracking of significant decimal places, or
+- tracking of significant decimal places, or
-- applications where the user expects the results to match calculations done by hand.
+- applications where the user expects the results to match calculations done by hand.
For example, calculating a 5% tax on a 70 cent phone charge gives different results in decimal floating point and binary floating point. The difference becomes significant if the results are rounded to the nearest cent:
@@ -317,15 +326,15 @@ The 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
- - 11.1. Output Formatting
- - 11.2. Templating
- - 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
- - 11.4. Multi-threading
- - 11.5. Logging
- - 11.6. Weak References
- - 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
- - 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
+- 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
+ - 11.1. Output Formatting
+ - 11.2. Templating
+ - 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
+ - 11.4. Multi-threading
+ - 11.5. Logging
+ - 11.6. Weak References
+ - 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
+ - 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
#### Previous topic
@@ -337,20 +346,20 @@ The Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/venv.md b/DOCS/tutorial/venv.md
index d955c6fe..fe0eb001 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/venv.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/venv.md
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](whatnow.html "13. What Now?") |
-- [previous](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](whatnow.html "13. What Now?") |
+- [previous](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 12. Virtual Environments and Packages
+12. Virtual Environments and Packages
+=================================================================================================================================================================================
-## 12.1. Introduction
+12.1. Introduction
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Python applications will often use packages and modules that don’t come as part of the standard library. Applications will sometimes need a specific version of a library, because the application may require that a particular bug has been fixed or the application may be written using an obsolete version of the library’s interface.
@@ -24,7 +26,8 @@ The solution for this problem is to create a 12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
+12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called venv
. venv
will usually install the most recent version of Python that you have available. If you have multiple versions of Python on your system, you can select a specific Python version by running `python3` or whichever version you want.
@@ -60,7 +63,8 @@ Activating the virtual environment will change your shell’s prompt to show wha
'~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.5/site-packages']
>>>
-## 12.3. Managing Packages with pip
+12.3. Managing Packages with pip
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can install, upgrade, and remove packages using a program called **pip**. By default `pip` will install packages from the Python Package Index, <https://pypi.org >. You can browse the Python Package Index by going to it in your web browser.
@@ -144,10 +148,10 @@ The `requirements.txt` can then be committed to version control and shipped as p
### [Table of Contents](https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html)
-- 12. Virtual Environments and Packages
- - 12.1. Introduction
- - 12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
- - 12.3. Managing Packages with pip
+- 12. Virtual Environments and Packages
+ - 12.1. Introduction
+ - 12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
+ - 12.3. Managing Packages with pip
#### Previous topic
@@ -159,20 +163,20 @@ The `requirements.txt` can then be committed to version control and shipped as p
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](whatnow.html "13. What Now?") |
-- [previous](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](whatnow.html "13. What Now?") |
+- [previous](stdlib2.html "11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.html b/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.html
index 06632745..152d8efb 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.html
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.html
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ Navigation
3.9.5 Documentation »
The Python Tutorial »
-
+
©
diff --git a/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.md b/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.md
index e0d8b598..fe34902c 100644
--- a/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.md
+++ b/DOCS/tutorial/whatnow.md
@@ -1,46 +1,47 @@
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](interactive.html "14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution") |
-- [previous](venv.html "12. Virtual Environments and Packages") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](interactive.html "14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution") |
+- [previous](venv.html "12. Virtual Environments and Packages") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
-# 13. What Now?
+13. What Now?
+================================================================================================================================
Reading this tutorial has probably reinforced your interest in using Python — you should be eager to apply Python to solving your real-world problems. Where should you go to learn more?
This tutorial is part of Python’s documentation set. Some other documents in the set are:
-- The Python Standard Library :
+- The Python Standard Library :
- You should browse through this manual, which gives complete (though terse) reference material about types, functions, and the modules in the standard library. The standard Python distribution includes a _lot_ of additional code. There are modules to read Unix mailboxes, retrieve documents via HTTP, generate random numbers, parse command-line options, write CGI programs, compress data, and many other tasks. Skimming through the Library Reference will give you an idea of what’s available.
+ You should browse through this manual, which gives complete (though terse) reference material about types, functions, and the modules in the standard library. The standard Python distribution includes a *lot* of additional code. There are modules to read Unix mailboxes, retrieve documents via HTTP, generate random numbers, parse command-line options, write CGI programs, compress data, and many other tasks. Skimming through the Library Reference will give you an idea of what’s available.
-- Installing Python Modules explains how to install additional modules written by other Python users.
+- Installing Python Modules explains how to install additional modules written by other Python users.
-- The Python Language Reference : A detailed explanation of Python’s syntax and semantics. It’s heavy reading, but is useful as a complete guide to the language itself.
+- The Python Language Reference : A detailed explanation of Python’s syntax and semantics. It’s heavy reading, but is useful as a complete guide to the language itself.
More Python resources:
-- https://www.python.org : The major Python Web site. It contains code, documentation, and pointers to Python-related pages around the Web. This Web site is mirrored in various places around the world, such as Europe, Japan, and Australia; a mirror may be faster than the main site, depending on your geographical location.
+- https://www.python.org : The major Python Web site. It contains code, documentation, and pointers to Python-related pages around the Web. This Web site is mirrored in various places around the world, such as Europe, Japan, and Australia; a mirror may be faster than the main site, depending on your geographical location.
-- https://docs.python.org : Fast access to Python’s documentation.
+- https://docs.python.org : Fast access to Python’s documentation.
-- https://pypi.org : The Python Package Index, previously also nicknamed the Cheese Shop , is an index of user-created Python modules that are available for download. Once you begin releasing code, you can register it here so that others can find it.
+- https://pypi.org : The Python Package Index, previously also nicknamed the Cheese Shop , is an index of user-created Python modules that are available for download. Once you begin releasing code, you can register it here so that others can find it.
-- https://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/ : The Python Cookbook is a sizable collection of code examples, larger modules, and useful scripts. Particularly notable contributions are collected in a book also titled Python Cookbook (O’Reilly & Associates, ISBN 0-596-00797-3.)
+- https://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/ : The Python Cookbook is a sizable collection of code examples, larger modules, and useful scripts. Particularly notable contributions are collected in a book also titled Python Cookbook (O’Reilly & Associates, ISBN 0-596-00797-3.)
-- http://www.pyvideo.org collects links to Python-related videos from conferences and user-group meetings.
+- http://www.pyvideo.org collects links to Python-related videos from conferences and user-group meetings.
-- https://scipy.org : The Scientific Python project includes modules for fast array computations and manipulations plus a host of packages for such things as linear algebra, Fourier transforms, non-linear solvers, random number distributions, statistical analysis and the like.
+- https://scipy.org : The Scientific Python project includes modules for fast array computations and manipulations plus a host of packages for such things as linear algebra, Fourier transforms, non-linear solvers, random number distributions, statistical analysis and the like.
-For Python-related questions and problem reports, you can post to the newsgroup _comp.lang.python_, or send them to the mailing list at python-list@ python. org . The newsgroup and mailing list are gatewayed, so messages posted to one will automatically be forwarded to the other. There are hundreds of postings a day, asking (and answering) questions, suggesting new features, and announcing new modules. Mailing list archives are available at https://mail.python.org/pipermail/ .
+For Python-related questions and problem reports, you can post to the newsgroup *comp.lang.python*, or send them to the mailing list at python-list@ python. org . The newsgroup and mailing list are gatewayed, so messages posted to one will automatically be forwarded to the other. There are hundreds of postings a day, asking (and answering) questions, suggesting new features, and announcing new modules. Mailing list archives are available at https://mail.python.org/pipermail/ .
Before posting, be sure to check the list of Frequently Asked Questions (also called the FAQ). The FAQ answers many of the questions that come up again and again, and may already contain the solution for your problem.
@@ -59,20 +60,20 @@ Footnotes
### This Page
-- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
-- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/whatnow.rst)
+- [Report a Bug](https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html)
+- [Show Source](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Doc/tutorial/whatnow.rst)
### Navigation
-- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
-- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
-- [next](interactive.html "14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution") |
-- [previous](venv.html "12. Virtual Environments and Packages") |
-- ![](../_static/py.png)
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
-- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
-- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
--
+- [index](https://docs.python.org/3/genindex.html "General Index")
+- [modules](https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html "Python Module Index") |
+- [next](interactive.html "14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution") |
+- [previous](venv.html "12. Virtual Environments and Packages") |
+- ![](../_static/py.png)
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
+- [3.9.5 Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/index.html) »
+- [The Python Tutorial](index.html) »
+-
© [Copyright](https://docs.python.org/3/copyright.html) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation.
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. [Please donate.](https://www.python.org/psf/donations/)
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/README.md
index 8f877f26..8762a988 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/README.md
@@ -1,21 +1,16 @@
# Beginners-Python-Programs
-Basic python CLI programs as examples
-All the examples are useful examples
-These examples are of beginners' level
-
-Hey guys I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of 'em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make 'em more useful and professional !
-
+Basic python CLI programs as examples
+All the examples are useful examples
+These examples are of beginners’ level
-Note: In 2.x versions input isn't useful , lly , in 3.x versions raw_input isn't useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of python. Change the keywords accordingly!
+Hey guys I wrote these programs when I was just starting up with programming, now I realize that many of ’em feel very un-professional and useless so I decided to go one by one through all and make ’em more useful and professional !
-
-NOTE: WORK IN PROGRESS!
-Files Outside Particular Folders/Directories have not been checked yet!
-Files inside, directories offer much elegant code and explaination
-
-
+Note: In 2.x versions input isn’t useful , lly , in 3.x versions raw_input isn’t useful. Also, xrange() and other methods are discontinued or changed in 3.x versions of python. Change the keywords accordingly!
-
-Also see this : Beginners-Python-Examples/CONTRIBUTING.md
+ NOTE: WORK IN PROGRESS!
+ Files Outside Particular Folders/Directories have not been checked yet!
+ Files inside, directories offer much elegant code and explaination
+
+Also see this : Beginners-Python-Examples/CONTRIBUTING.md
contact kalpaktake@gmail.com
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/README.md
index 45eae927..baf9f428 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/README.md
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-
-'algorithms' Sub-directory contains all algorithms
-further separated in different particular sub directories
-
+ 'algorithms' Sub-directory contains all algorithms
+ further separated in different particular sub directories
-The programs have been re-checked and re-mastered by me!
-Although i've tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
-Keep Patience It'll take time to go through every program!!
-Thanks
+The programs have been **re-checked** and **re-mastered** by me!
+Although i’ve tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
+Keep Patience It’ll take time to go through every program!!
+**Thanks**
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/README.md
index 17be1237..72eb1ff2 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-
-'analysis' Sub-directory contains all
-analysis related algorithms .
+ 'analysis' Sub-directory contains all
+ analysis related algorithms.
-Thanks
-
+ Thanks
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e35728d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+analysis
+========
+
+.. — — README.html 806 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 130 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 count.py 877 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 enum.py 507 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 length.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 max.py 975 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 mean.py 781 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 median.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 min.py 974 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 mode.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 sum.py 954 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 useful_function_mapping.py 707 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c4d70eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/analysis/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 13
+Size of all files: 14539 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..602b6fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+algorithms
+==========
+
+.. — — analysis — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 numbers — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 searching — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 sorting — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 string — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 395 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/README.md
index 91bf79a2..91862c51 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-
-'numbers' Sub-directory contains all
-numbers/math/sequences(arrays) related algorithms .
+ 'numbers' Sub-directory contains all
+ numbers/math/sequences(arrays) related algorithms.
-Thanks
-
+ Thanks
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9fbbd4eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+numbers
+=======
+
+.. — — README.html 827 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 151 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 binary_to_decimal_converter.py 866 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 collatz_sequence.py 856 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 compare_array_elements.py 953 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 factorial.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3e1ab98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/numbers/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 6
+Size of all files: 4803 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7ea746b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+ [numbers](numbers/right.html)
+
+ [sorting](sorting/right.html)
+
+ [string](string/right.html)
+
+[analysis](analysis/right.html)
+
+ [searching](searching/right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 6
+Files: 2
+Size of all files: 1361 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/searching/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/searching/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0caf1c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/searching/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+searching
+=========
+
+.. — — binary_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/searching/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/searching/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db17a5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/searching/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 1
+Size of all files: 2308 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/README.md
index 23b7c323..9183c821 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-
-'sorting' Sub-directory contains all
-sorting algorithms .
+ 'sorting' Sub-directory contains all
+ sorting algorithms.
-Thanks
-
+ Thanks
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..079b3885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sorting
+=======
+
+.. — — README.html 796 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 120 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 bubble_sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 insertion_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 selection_sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..557c33c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/sorting/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 5
+Size of all files: 6854 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/README.md
index 00fd5b2c..504f4ea4 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-
-'string' Sub-directory contains all
-string related algorithms
+ 'string' Sub-directory contains all
+ string related algorithms
-Thanks
-
+ Thanks
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0b1f951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+string
+======
+
+.. — — README.html 801 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 125 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 caesars_cipher_encryption.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 is_palindrome.py 757 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 is_palindrome_two_liner.py 553 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 vowel_count.py 874 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c68b1a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/algorithms/string/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 6
+Size of all files: 5470 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74b248a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Beginners-Python-Examples-master
+================================
+
+.. — — algorithms — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 math — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 network — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 shell_games — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 simple_scripts — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 useful_scripts — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Angle.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Average.py 353 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Bank.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Calc.py 228 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 EmailsInPython.py 984 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Example.py 549 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Files.py 258 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Functions.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 Indexing.py 797 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Info.py 317 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Keywords.py 409 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Latin.py 601 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Lcm.py 522 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Libs.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Loss.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Module.py 331 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Morgans_law.py 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 OnContacts.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Operations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 OperationsMethods.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Percent.py 559 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 905 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 RandomWeb.py 171 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Reverse.py 171 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Score.py 1007 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 String.py 507 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Tables.py 336 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 ThanMoreThan.py 538 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 Turtle.py 216 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 WellAlarm.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 _config.yml 28 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 armstrong_number.py 523 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 cartesian_plane_quadrant.py 676 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 count_algorithm_execution_time.py 965 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 days_you_lived.py 980 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 deMorgans_law.py 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 decimal_to_binary_converter.py 916 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 decrypting_caesars_cipher.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 dictionary.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 difference_testing.py 425 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 discount.py 541 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 discountPercent.py 559 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 distance_on_number_line.py 494 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 figure_determiner.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 findLcm.py 522 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 find_cube_root.py 484 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 find_roots.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 find_square_root.py 490 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 find_square_root_of_imperfect_square.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 geometric_progression_builder.py 615 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 healthScore.py 1007 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 hello_world.py 217 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 html_source.py 966 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 identity_matrix_recognizer.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 image_downloader.py 267 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 in_the_something.py 804 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 item_index.py 244 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 kay_sort.py 480 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 lessThanMoreThan.py 538 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 linear_search.py 548 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 listOperations.py 778 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 listOperationsMethods.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 listReverse.py 171 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 list_comprehensions.py 375 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 logarithm_integer.py 806 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 madLibs.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 magicball_8.py 560 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 mathoperators.py 617 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 max_by_alphabetical_order.py 755 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 max_int_in_list.py 402 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 min_by_alphabetical_order.py 755 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 min_int_in_list.py 563 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 mod_example.py 183 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 modified_selection_sort.py 574 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 morse_code_decoder.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 multiplicationTables.py 336 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 my_name.py 277 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 nearest_square_and_its_root.py 338 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 newOnContacts.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 non_multiples.py 354 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 ordered_binary_search.py 736 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 otherAngle.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 password_creator.py 642 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 percentageCalc.py 228 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 percentage_increase_decrease.py 672 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 physics.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 pigLatin.py 601 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 piggyBank.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 ping_host.py 443 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 primeNumbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 profitLoss.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 pyKeywords.py 409 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 pythagoras.py 186 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 python_files_compiler.py 721 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 randomModule.py 331 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 readFiles.py 258 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 reverse_sort.py 355 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 right.html 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 rock,paper,scissor.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 selection_sort.py 605 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sendingEmailsInPython.py 984 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sleepWellAlarm.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sortString.py 507 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sortingFunctions.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 squareTurtle.py 216 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 square_root_algorithm.py 731 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 squarecube.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 star_turtle.py 346 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 stringIndexing.py 797 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 stringOperations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 stringReverse.py 192 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sumAverage.py 353 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sum_array.py 370 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sum_of_arithmetic_sequence.py 291 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 swap_case.py 222 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 systemInfo.py 317 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 table_maker.py 144 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 take-a-break.py 195 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 testofdivisibility.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 time_conversion.py 403 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 tuplesExample.py 549 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 turtleRandomWeb.py 171 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 videodownloader.py 16 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 writingFiles.py 315 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/README.md
index b8f5b0e2..7b49a160 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/README.md
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-
-'math' Sub-directory contains all the math related scripts
-This dir does not contain mathematical algorithms,
-only math related scripts
-
+ 'math' Sub-directory contains all the math related scripts
+ This dir does not contain mathematical algorithms,
+ only math related scripts
-The programs have been re-checked and re-mastered by me!
-Although i've tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
-Keep Patience It'll take time to go through every program!!
-Thanks
+The programs have been **re-checked** and **re-mastered** by me!
+Although i’ve tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
+Keep Patience It’ll take time to go through every program!!
+**Thanks**
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bffad14c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+math
+====
+
+.. — — Mean.py 446 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 407 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 aircraft_thrust.py 895 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 area_volume_calculator.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 arithmetic_progression_builder.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 calculator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 eulers_python.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 geoMean.py 446 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 number_lesser_greater.py 443 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f19718d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/math/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 10
+Size of all files: 12514 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/network/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/network/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0aa3c7a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/network/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+network
+=======
+
+.. — — are_you_connected_to_world.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:11 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/network/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/network/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e3d0260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/network/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 1
+Size of all files: 1312 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..835edfde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+ [math](math/right.html)
+
+ [shell\_games](shell_games/right.html)
+
+ [useful\_scripts](useful_scripts/right.html)
+
+[algorithms](algorithms/right.html)
+
+ [network](network/right.html)
+
+ [simple\_scripts](simple_scripts/right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 7
+Files: 125
+Size of all files: 99187 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/README.md
index eae6813c..91c0f2bb 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/README.md
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-
-'shell_games' Sub-directory contains all the games(programs)
-written for terminal/shell/command line.
-More games like sudoku, chess, battleship, et cetera are on their way!
-
+ 'shell_games' Sub-directory contains all the games(programs)
+ written for terminal/shell/command line.
+ More games like sudoku, chess, battleship, et cetera are on their way!
-The programs have been re-checked and re-mastered by me!
-Although i've tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
-Keep Patience It'll take time to go through every program!!
-Thanks
+The programs have been **re-checked** and **re-mastered** by me!
+Although i’ve tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
+Keep Patience It’ll take time to go through every program!!
+**Thanks**
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a69ea71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+shell\_games
+============
+
+.. — — README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 451 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 battleship.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 battleship_info.txt 300 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 dice_rolling_simulator.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 dice_rolling_simulator_info.txt 392 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 number_guessing_game.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83107b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/shell_games/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 7
+Size of all files: 8609 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/README.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/README.md
index bd47d46a..77554daf 100644
--- a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-
-'simple_scripts' Sub-directory contains all simplest programs,
-these programs are simple to read/write .
-
+ 'simple_scripts' Sub-directory contains all simplest programs,
+ these programs are simple to read/write.
-The programs have been re-checked and improved a bit
-Although i've tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
-Thanks
+The programs have been **re-checked** and **improved a bit**
+Although i’ve tried to keep it as orignal as possible.
+**Thanks**
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ada15564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+simple\_scripts
+===============
+
+.. — — ListExample.py 329 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 README.md 313 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 args_example.py 520 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 args_example_1.py 691 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 class_animal_attributes_examples.py 730 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 class_example_movies.py 920 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 class_movies.py 952 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 conditionals_examples.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 for_loop_mountain.py 689 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 personality_teller.py 721 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 unicode.py 668 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 website_opener.py 417 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a84682d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/simple_scripts/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 13
+Size of all files: 10251 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/useful_scripts/index.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/useful_scripts/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..890c2c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/useful_scripts/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+useful\_scripts
+===============
+
+.. — — binary_to_decimal_conversion.py 749 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 bmi_body_mass_index_calculator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 caesars_cipher_encryption.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 calculator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 calendar.py 478 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 password_generator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 timer.py 934 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/useful_scripts/right.md b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/useful_scripts/right.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2312b6e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/Beginners-Python-Examples-master/useful_scripts/right.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+**Folders**
+
+[<Go Back>](../right.html)
+
+
+
+
+
+Folders: 1
+Files: 7
+Size of all files: 8155 KB
diff --git a/Overflow/_Algorithms/Check/index.md b/Overflow/_Algorithms/Check/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04c1b8a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Algorithms/Check/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Check
+=====
+
+.. — — check_anagrams.py 939 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 check_bipartite.py 905 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 check_pangram.py 255 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 merge_string_checker.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 prime_check.py 360 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Algorithms/Search/index.md b/Overflow/_Algorithms/Search/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d8afb1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Algorithms/Search/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Search
+======
+
+.. — — add_and_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 add_search_word_data_structures_trie.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 bidirectional_breadth_first_search.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 boyer_moore_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 breadth_first_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 breadth_first_search_2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 depth_first_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 depth_first_search_2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 double_linear_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 double_linear_search_recursion.py 911 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 fibonacci_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 interpolation_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 jump_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 linear_search.py 188 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 maze_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 naive_string_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 optimal_binary_search_tree.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 ordered_binary_search.py 736 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 search_insert.py 492 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 search_range.py 809 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 search_rotate.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 search_scope.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sentinel_linear_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 similarity_search.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 simple_binary_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 tabu_search.py 10 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 ternary_search.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Algorithms/Sort/index.md b/Overflow/_Algorithms/Sort/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97ce3c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Algorithms/Sort/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Sort
+====
+
+.. — — bitonic_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 bogo_sort.py 712 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 bubble_sort.py 770 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 bucket_sort.py 803 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 cocktail_shaker_sort.py 729 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 comb_sort.py 572 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 counting_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 cycle_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 double_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 external_sort.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 g_topological_sort.py 946 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 gnome_sort.py 371 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 heap_sort.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 insertion_sort.py 610 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 intro_sort.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 is_sorted.py 868 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 iterative_merge_sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 kay_sort.py 480 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 merge_insertion_sort.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 merge_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 merge_sorted_k_lists.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 modified_selection_sort.py 574 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 natural_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 pancake_sort.py 710 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 patience_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 pigeon_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 pigeonhole_sort.py 574 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 pylama_isort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 quick_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 quick_sort_3_partition.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 radix_sort.py 788 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 random_pivot_quick_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 recursive_bubble_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 recursive_insertion_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 recursive_quick_sort.py 486 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 reverse_sort.py 355 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 search_in_sorted_matrix.py 714 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 searching_in_sorted_matrix.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 selection_sort.py 571 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 shell_sort.py 534 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sortString.py 507 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sort_colors.py 731 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 sort_matrix_diagonally.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sorting.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 sortingFunctions.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 stooge_sort.py 880 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 strand_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 tim_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 top_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 topological_sort.py 999 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 tree_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 unknown_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 wiggle_sort.py 383 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Algorithms/array/index.md b/Overflow/_Algorithms/array/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8f86dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Algorithms/array/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+array
+=====
+
+.. — — 215_Kth_Largest_Element_in_an_Array.py 705 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 array_sum_combinations.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 compare_array_elements.py 953 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 continuous-subarray-sum.py 538 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 degree-of-an-array.py 924 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 dynamic_arrays.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 k-diff-pairs-in-an-array.py 781 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 largest_subarray_sum.py 678 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 longest_sub_array.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 max_product_subarray.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 max_sub_array.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 max_subarray.py 279 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 median_of_two_arrays.py 978 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 sum_array.py 370 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Algorithms/index.md b/Overflow/_Algorithms/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..146bd816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Algorithms/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+\_Algorithms
+============
+
+.. — — Check — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Search — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Sort — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 array — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 alphabeticalattributes.py 878 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 max_by_alphabetical_order.py 755 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 min_by_alphabetical_order.py 755 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Data-Structures/binary-tree/index.md b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/binary-tree/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..570030e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/binary-tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+binary-tree
+===========
+
+.. — — average-of-levels-in-binary-tree.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 basic_binary_tree.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 binary-tree-tilt.py 716 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 binary_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 binary_search_tree.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 binary_search_tree_recursive.py 14 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 binary_tree_mirror.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 binary_tree_paths.py 392 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 binary_tree_traversals.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Data-Structures/bst/index.md b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/bst/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b1d3ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/bst/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bst
+===
+
+.. — — BSTIterator.py 454 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 array_to_bst.py 454 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:12 2021 bst.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 bst_alternate_starter.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 bst_closest_value.py 741 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 convert-bst-to-greater-tree.py 726 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 count_binary_substring.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 is_bst.py 859 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 longest_palindromic_substring.py 931 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 minimum-absolute-difference-in-bst.py 883 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 repeat_substring.py 551 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 unique_bst.py 962 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Data-Structures/graph/index.md b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/graph/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7f283aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/graph/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+graph
+=====
+
+.. — — basic_graphs.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 check_bipartite_graph_bfs.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 check_bipartite_graph_dfs.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 check_digraph_strongly_connected.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 clone_graph.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 directed_and_undirected_(weighted)_graph.py 15 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 frequent_pattern_graph_miner.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 gale_shapley_bigraph.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 graph.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 graph_list.py 1020 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 graph_matrix.py 482 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 graphs_floyd_warshall.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 kth_lexicographic_permutation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 path_between_two_vertices_in_digraph.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Data-Structures/index.md b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3201a0fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+\_Data-Structures
+=================
+
+.. — — binary-tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 bst — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 graph — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 queue — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 stack — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Data-Structures/queue/index.md b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/queue/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a28ccc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/queue/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+queue
+=====
+
+.. — — circular_queue.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 double_ended_queue.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 linked_queue.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 priority_queue.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 priority_queue_using_list.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 queue.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 queue_on_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 reconstruct_queue.py 726 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Data-Structures/stack/index.md b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/stack/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42632256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Data-Structures/stack/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+stack
+=====
+
+.. — — dijkstras_two_stack_algorithm.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 linked_stack.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 ordered_stack.py 986 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 pydevd_stackless.py 17 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 queue_on_pseudo_stack.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 stack.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 stack_using_dll.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Learning/examples/index.md b/Overflow/_Learning/examples/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ddceb9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Learning/examples/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+examples
+========
+
+.. — — FileRegexExample.py 183 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 ListExample.py 329 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 args_example.py 520 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 args_example_1.py 691 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 class_animal_attributes_examples.py 730 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 class_example_movies.py 920 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 conditionals_examples.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 mod_example.py 183 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 python-example.py 378 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 tuplesExample.py 549 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Learning/index.md b/Overflow/_Learning/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c95e796c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Learning/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+\_Learning
+==========
+
+.. — — examples — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problems — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 00thread_lecture.py 977 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 01-basics.py 281 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 01-lists-intro.py 430 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 01_deques_intro.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 01_intro_to_queues.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 01_lists_intro.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 01_stacks_intro.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 01_summation.py 761 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 01_thread_intro.py 200 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 01locks.py 705 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 02-arithmetic.py 745 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 02-lists-mutability-and-sorting.py 722 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 02_big_o.py 297 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 02_deque_implementation.py 801 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 02_queue_implementation.py 876 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 02_stacks_implementation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 02_thread_with_sleep.py 416 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 02_unordered_lists.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 02deadlock.py 468 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 03-input-and-format.py 267 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 03-lists-math.py 424 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 03_anagram.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 03_balanced_parenthesis.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 03_daemon_threads.py 476 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 03_hot_potato.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 03_palindrome.py 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 04-ducktyping.py 117 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 04-tuples-intro.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 04_converting_bases.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 04_joining_daemon_threads.py 497 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 04_type_performance.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 04b-complex-try-blocks.py 401 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 05-string-arithmetic.py 133 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 05-tuples-single-item.py 287 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 05_importance_of_locks.py 561 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 05_prefix_postfix_infix.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 05b-extra-string-operations.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 06-assignment.py 562 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 06-ranges.py 325 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 06_creating_locks.py 1023 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 07-dictionaries-intro.py 486 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 07-equality.py 493 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 07_deadlocks.py 405 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 07b-logical-operators.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 07c-while-loops.py 383 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 08-dictionaries-more-ways.py 788 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 08-identity.py 531 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 09-functions.py 787 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 09-sets-intro.py 590 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 0Intro2Python-all.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 10-functions-returning-functions.py 359 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 10-sets-usage.py 392 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 11-combining-structures.py 535 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 11b-stackqueue.py 793 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 12-built-ins-all-any.py 514 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 13-built-ins-filter-map-zip.py 621 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 14-built-ins-custom-sort.py 510 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 15a-input-validation1.py 349 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 15b-input-validation2.py 523 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 20-http-request.py 34 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/_Learning/problems/index.md b/Overflow/_Learning/problems/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07251ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/_Learning/problems/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+problems
+========
+
+.. — — Module15ProblemToCodeSolutionReadTxtMessage.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_01_while_filter.py 681 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_01_while_loop.py 735 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_01_while_map.py 599 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_02_for_filter.py 737 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_02_for_loop.py 720 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_02_for_map.py 588 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_03_list_comprehension.py 675 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_03_my_comprehension.py 619 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_04_if_statement.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_04_if_statements.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_05_class.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_06_inheritance.py 676 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_07_dict.py 579 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_07_dictionary.py 510 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_08_built_in.py 437 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_08_builtins.py 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_09_get_set.py 525 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_09_getters_and_setters.py 577 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021 problem_10_func.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 problem_10_functions.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 stock_span_problem.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Arrays/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Arrays/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ebdc35e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Arrays/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Arrays
+======
+
+.. — — container_with_most_water.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 count_triplets_with_sum_k.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_busiest_interval.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_el_smaller_left_bigger_right.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_el_where_k_greater_or_equal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_element_range_sorted_array.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_first_missing_positive.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_missing_number_in_second_array.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_one_missing_number.py 942 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_peak_element.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_two_missing_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 find_unpaired.py 616 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 flatten_deep_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 jump_game.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 k_closest_points.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 kth_smallest.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_increasing_subarray.py 981 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 majority_element.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 max_profit.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 merge_intervals.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 min_swaps.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 product_of_array_except_self.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 random_sample.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 reverse_array.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 reverse_ascending_sublists.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 rotate_array.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 search_rotated_sorted_array.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 secret_santa.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 shuffle_array.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 sort_rgb_array.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 subarray_with_sum_k.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:13 2021 top_k_frequent_elements.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 trapped_watter.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Dynamic_Programming/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Dynamic_Programming/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c153247d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Dynamic_Programming/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Dynamic\_Programming
+====================
+
+.. — — climbing_staircase.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 coin_change.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 count_ip_addresses.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 create_palindrom.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 interleaving_strings.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 jump_game_2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_common_subsequence.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_common_substring.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_increasing_subsequence.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 max_profit_k_transactions.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 max_subarray_sum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 min_cost_coloring.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 number_of_decodings.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 number_of_smses.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 ordered_digits.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 split_coins.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 sum_non-adjecent.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 transform_number_ascending_digits.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 word_break.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Hashing_DS/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Hashing_DS/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c630f72e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Hashing_DS/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Hashing\_DS
+===========
+
+.. — — anagram_indices.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 count_positives.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_duplicates.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_pairs_with_sum_k.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 group_anagrams.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_consecutive_sequence.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_substring_with_k_distinct_characters.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_substring_without_repeating_characters.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 perfect_rectangle.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Linked_Lists/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Linked_Lists/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07aef0d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Linked_Lists/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Linked\_Lists
+=============
+
+.. — — add_two_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 intersecting_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 is_ascending_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 ll_helpers.py 712 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 max_difference_subll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 merge_k_sorted_ll.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 merge_sorted_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 odd_even_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 remove_duplicates_sorted_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 remove_element_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 remove_nth_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 reverse_ll.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Math/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Math/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6878eac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Math/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Math
+====
+
+.. — — calculate_area_of_polygon.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 check_if_point_inside_polygon.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 check_if_two_rectangles_overlap.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 count_divisibles_in_range.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 estimate_pi.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 factorial_trailing_zeroes.py 913 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 odd_sum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 prime_factors.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 smallest_multiple.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 sum_of_multiples.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 total_divisible_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 unique_paths.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Other/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Other/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a0a5b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Other/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Other
+=====
+
+.. — — basic_calculator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 count_consecutive_sums.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_min_path.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 generate_parentheses.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 jumping_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 letter_combinations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 nth_fibonacci_number.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 number_of_islands.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 palindrome_integer.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 permutations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 postfix_evaluate.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 power.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 power_set.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 queens_problem.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 reverse_all_lists.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 reverse_integer.py 849 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 river_sizes.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 running_median.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 safe_squares_rooks.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 search_2d_matrix.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 set_matrix_zeroes.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 sliding_window_maximum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 spiral_matrix.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 valid_parentheses.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/README.html b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/README.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f98532d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/README.html
@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ README
+
+
+
+
+ Coding Problems
+
+ Here you can find solutions for various
+ coding/algorithmic problems and many useful
+ resources for learning algorithms and
+ data structures.
+ Also, this repo will be updated with new solutions and resources from time
+ to time.
+
+
+ Note that this repo is meant to be used for learning and researching
+ purposes only and it is not meant to be used for
+ production.
+
+ Solutions
+
+ Algorithms and data structures are not language-specific (it’s true that
+ some languages are faster, and some are easier to use), but if you are
+ good with the logic and pseudocode, any language would be good.
+ So I’ve decided to use
+ Python
+ because I think it’s very close to pseudocode and it’s easily readable (so
+ it’ll be easy for someone from another environment to implement the same
+ solutions).
+ As I said previously, all solutions are written in
+ Python (more precisely,
+ Python 3 ), using the
+ Built-in Functions
+ (print, len, range, sorted, sum, min, max, etc…) and a few modules from
+ the
+ Python Standard Library
+ like:
+
+
+
+ So, to execute these solutions there is no need from installing any
+ external packages.
+ Coding style and name conventions are described in the official
+ PEP8 page.
+
+
+ Note that I’m not the author of these problems, they
+ are from sites like LeetCode (you
+ can find more than 40 sites like this in the
+ Training Sites section).
+ Only the solutions and explanations are mine. If you
+ find any bug or incorrect implementation (or
+ faster/better implementation) in this repo, please let me know by
+ opening an issue or pull request.
+
+ Template
+
+ For easier navigation into the solutions, each file with a solution in
+ this repo will have the following template:
+
+
+
+ Note that here I’m using the simplest way of testing,
+ printing the results using the
+ print
+ method. Why? Because I think that the bigger part of the users of this
+ repo isn’t familiar with
+ unit testing
+ and I wanted this part to be intuitive. Btw, I strongly recommend using
+ some unit testing framework for this kind of testing. The Python
+ Standard Library contains a great framework for unit
+ testing called
+ unittest ,
+ or you can install some third-party unit testing framework like
+ pytest .
+
+ Categories
+
+ Each solution/problem in this repo belongs to one of these categories:
+
+
+
+ Arrays
+ - Array Manipulations, Sorting, Binary Search, Divide and Conquer,
+ Sliding Window, etc.
+
+
+ Linked Lists
+ - Linked List Searching, Pointer Manipulations, etc.
+
+
+ Trees
+ - Binary Search Trees, Tree Traversals: Breadth-First (Level Order)
+ Traversal, Depth-First Traversal (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder), etc.
+
+
+ Hashing DS
+ - Hashing Data Structures: Sets/HashSets and Dictionaries/HashMaps.
+
+
+ Dynamic Programming
+ - 2D and 1D Dynamic Programming, LCS, LIS, Knapsack, etc.
+
+
+ Strings
+ - String Manipulations, Reversing, Encodings/Decodings, etc.
+
+
+ Math
+ - GCD, LCM, Factorization, Geometry, Math Formulas, etc.
+
+
+ Other
+ - Backtracking, BFS, DFS, Stacks, Queues, Deques, Priority Queues
+ (Heaps), Matrices, etc.
+
+
+ Learning Resources
+
+ The learning resources are divided into 4 categories:
+ Courses , Books ,
+ Training Sites ,
+ Other Resources .
+
+ Courses
+ Collection of free courses from one of the best CS universities.
+
+
+ Standford University
+
+
+
+ Princeton University
+
+
+
+ UC San Diego
+
+
+
+ MIT University
+
+
+
+ Harvard University
+
+
+
+ UC Berkeley
+
+
+
+ Books
+ Several books that have made an impression on me:
+
+
+ Grokking Algorithms by Aditya Bhargava
+ - The best book for complete beginners in algorithms! I
+ wish this book existed when I started learning algorithms.
+
+
+ Introduction to Algorithms by CLRS
+ - This book is called the “bible textbook of algorithms” by many
+ programmers.
+
+
+ Algorithms by Robert Sedgewick & Kevin Wayne
+ - These authors are instructors of the previously mentioned Coursera
+ courses:
+ Algorithms Part 1
+ and
+ Algorithms Part 2 . Also, this book has an excellent and free
+ site with exercises,
+ presentations, and examples.
+
+
+ The Algorithm Design Manual by Steven Skiena
+ - The book describes many advanced topics and algorithms and it focuses
+ on real-life practical examples. This book has
+ one of the best sites with
+ resources (solutions ,
+ algorithms and data structures ,
+ python implementations ).
+
+
+ Algorithms by S. Dasgupta, C. Papadimitriou, and U. Vazirani
+ - This book is an official book for algorithms and data structures
+ classes in several famous universities.
+
+
+ Competitive Programming 3 by Steven Halim & Felix Halim
+ - A great book that prepares you for competitive programming (not for
+ complete beginners). You can learn many things and tricks about
+ competitive programming.
+ But if your goal is to prepare for competitive programming then
+ choose a faster language than Python, C/C++ (or Java,
+ it’s faster than Python but not like C/C++).
+
+
+ Cracking the Coding Interview by Gayle Laakmann McDowell
+ - A bit different from the previous books. Prepares you for coding
+ interviews using great coding problems.
+
+
+ Training Sites
+
+ If the problems from LeetCode are not
+ enough and you need more problems like those, you can find much more on
+ these platforms:
+
+
+ Other Resources
+
+
+ Geeks For Geeks - The site
+ which all interested in algorithms (no matter if
+ beginners or experts) should know!
+ YouTube channel
+ with many useful videos.
+
+
+ The Algorithms - Python
+ - Great GitHub repo with many algorithms written in Python (Link
+ from the same repo written in other programming languages).
+
+
+ CP Algorithms - Great page with
+ excellent explanations for various algorithms.
+
+
+ Visualizers:
+
+
+ USFCA Visualization Tool
+ - Great tool for visualizing data structures and algorithms, created
+ by the University of San Francisco.
+
+
+ VisuAlgo - Another great tool
+ for visualizing data structures and algorithms through animation.
+
+
+ Algorithm Visualizer
+ - Interactive online platform that visualizes algorithms from code.
+ This platform is an open-source project,
+ here
+ you can find the source code.
+
+
+
+
+ Courses and tutorials (but not from universities like the
+ Courses section):
+
+
+
+ YouTube playlists with tutorials:
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/README.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/README.md
index f39cf221..d1f5cc7b 100644
--- a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/README.md
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/README.md
@@ -1,100 +1,98 @@
# Coding Problems
-Here you can find [solutions](#Solutions) for various coding/algorithmic problems and many useful [resources](#Learning-Resources) for learning algorithms and data structures.\
+Here you can find [solutions](#Solutions) for various coding/algorithmic problems and many useful [resources](#Learning-Resources) for learning algorithms and data structures.
Also, this repo will be updated with new solutions and resources from time to time.
_Note that this repo is meant to be used for learning and researching purposes only and it is **not** meant to be used for production._
## Solutions
-Algorithms and data structures are not language-specific (it's true that some languages are faster, and some are easier to use), but if you are good with the logic and pseudocode, any language would be good.\
-So I've decided to use [Python]() because I think it's very close to pseudocode and it's easily readable (so it'll be easy for someone from another environment to implement the same solutions).\
-As I said previously, all solutions are written in [Python](https://www.python.org/) (more precisely, [Python 3](https://docs.python.org/3)), using the [Built-in Functions](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html) (print, len, range, sorted, sum, min, max, etc...) and a few modules from the [Python Standard Library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/) like:
+Algorithms and data structures are not language-specific (it’s true that some languages are faster, and some are easier to use), but if you are good with the logic and pseudocode, any language would be good.
+So I’ve decided to use [Python]() because I think it’s very close to pseudocode and it’s easily readable (so it’ll be easy for someone from another environment to implement the same solutions).
+As I said previously, all solutions are written in [Python](https://www.python.org/) (more precisely, [Python 3](https://docs.python.org/3)), using the [Built-in Functions](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html) (print, len, range, sorted, sum, min, max, etc…) and a few modules from the [Python Standard Library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/) like:
- [math](https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html) (used for constants like math.pi, math.inf and functions like math.ceil, math.floor, math.gcd, math.log, math.pow, math.sqrt, etc)
- [collections](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html) (used for [collections.deque](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.deque) when there is a need for [Stack]() or [Queue]() data structures)
- [heapq](https://docs.python.org/3/library/heapq.html) (used when there is a need for [Priority Queue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue) data structure).
- [random](https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html) (used for [nondeterministic algorithms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondeterministic_algorithm), like shuffling arrays ([Fisher–Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle)), sampling arrays ([Reservoir sampling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_sampling)) and [Monte Carlo methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)).
-So, to execute these solutions there is no need from installing any external packages. \
+So, to execute these solutions there is no need from installing any external packages.
Coding style and name conventions are described in the official [PEP8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008) page.
-_Note that I'm **not** the author of these problems, they are from sites like [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) (you can find more than 40 sites like this in the [Training Sites](#Training-Sites) section). **Only** the solutions and explanations are mine. If you find any **bug** or incorrect implementation (or faster/better implementation) in this repo, please let me know by opening an issue or pull request._
+_Note that I’m **not** the author of these problems, they are from sites like [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) (you can find more than 40 sites like this in the [Training Sites](#Training-Sites) section). **Only** the solutions and explanations are mine. If you find any **bug** or incorrect implementation (or faster/better implementation) in this repo, please let me know by opening an issue or pull request._
### Template
For easier navigation into the solutions, each file with a solution in this repo will have the following template:
-```python
-'''
-Problem Name
+ '''
+ Problem Name
-Problem explanation.
+ Problem explanation.
-Input: XXX
-Output: XXX
-Output explanation: XXX
+ Input: XXX
+ Output: XXX
+ Output explanation: XXX
-=========================================
-Solution 1 explanation.
- Time Complexity: O(X)
- Space Complexity: O(X)
-Solution 2 explanation.
-(some of the problems are solved in more than one way)
- Time Complexity: O(X)
- Space Complexity: O(X)
-'''
+ =========================================
+ Solution 1 explanation.
+ Time Complexity: O(X)
+ Space Complexity: O(X)
+ Solution 2 explanation.
+ (some of the problems are solved in more than one way)
+ Time Complexity: O(X)
+ Space Complexity: O(X)
+ '''
-##############
-# Solution 1 #
-##############
+ ##############
+ # Solution 1 #
+ ##############
-def name_of_solution_1(params):
- # description of code
- pass
+ def name_of_solution_1(params):
+ # description of code
+ pass
-##############
-# Solution 2 #
-##############
+ ##############
+ # Solution 2 #
+ ##############
-def name_of_solution_2(params):
- # description of code
- pass
+ def name_of_solution_2(params):
+ # description of code
+ pass
-###########
-# Testing #
-###########
+ ###########
+ # Testing #
+ ###########
-# Test 1
-# Correct result => 'result1'
-test_val = 'example1'
-print(name_of_solution_1(test_val))
-print(name_of_solution_2(test_val))
+ # Test 1
+ # Correct result => 'result1'
+ test_val = 'example1'
+ print(name_of_solution_1(test_val))
+ print(name_of_solution_2(test_val))
-# Test 2
-# Correct result => 'result2'
-test_val = 'example2'
-print(name_of_solution_1(test_val))
-print(name_of_solution_2(test_val))
-```
+ # Test 2
+ # Correct result => 'result2'
+ test_val = 'example2'
+ print(name_of_solution_1(test_val))
+ print(name_of_solution_2(test_val))
-_Note that here I'm using the **simplest** way of testing, printing the results using the [print](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) method. Why? Because I think that the bigger part of the users of this repo isn't familiar with [unit testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing) and I wanted this part to be intuitive. Btw, I strongly recommend using some unit testing framework for this kind of testing. The Python Standard Library contains a **great** framework for unit testing called [unittest](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html), or you can install some third-party unit testing framework like [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/)._
+_Note that here I’m using the **simplest** way of testing, printing the results using the [print](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print) method. Why? Because I think that the bigger part of the users of this repo isn’t familiar with [unit testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing) and I wanted this part to be intuitive. Btw, I strongly recommend using some unit testing framework for this kind of testing. The Python Standard Library contains a **great** framework for unit testing called [unittest](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html), or you can install some third-party unit testing framework like [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/)._
### Categories
Each solution/problem in this repo belongs to one of these categories:
-1. [Arrays](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Arrays) - Array Manipulations, Sorting, Binary Search, Divide and Conquer, Sliding Window, etc.
-2. [Linked Lists](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Linked%20Lists) - Linked List Searching, Pointer Manipulations, etc.
-3. [Trees](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Trees) - Binary Search Trees, Tree Traversals: Breadth-First (Level Order) Traversal, Depth-First Traversal (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder), etc.
-4. [Hashing DS](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Hashing%20DS) - Hashing Data Structures: Sets/HashSets and Dictionaries/HashMaps.
-5. [Dynamic Programming](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Dynamic%20Programming) - 2D and 1D Dynamic Programming, LCS, LIS, Knapsack, etc.
-6. [Strings](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Strings) - String Manipulations, Reversing, Encodings/Decodings, etc.
-7. [Math](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Math) - GCD, LCM, Factorization, Geometry, Math Formulas, etc.
-8. [Other](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Other) - Backtracking, BFS, DFS, Stacks, Queues, Deques, Priority Queues (Heaps), Matrices, etc.
+1. [Arrays](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Arrays) - Array Manipulations, Sorting, Binary Search, Divide and Conquer, Sliding Window, etc.
+2. [Linked Lists](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Linked%20Lists) - Linked List Searching, Pointer Manipulations, etc.
+3. [Trees](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Trees) - Binary Search Trees, Tree Traversals: Breadth-First (Level Order) Traversal, Depth-First Traversal (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder), etc.
+4. [Hashing DS](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Hashing%20DS) - Hashing Data Structures: Sets/HashSets and Dictionaries/HashMaps.
+5. [Dynamic Programming](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Dynamic%20Programming) - 2D and 1D Dynamic Programming, LCS, LIS, Knapsack, etc.
+6. [Strings](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Strings) - String Manipulations, Reversing, Encodings/Decodings, etc.
+7. [Math](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Math) - GCD, LCM, Factorization, Geometry, Math Formulas, etc.
+8. [Other](https://github.com/MTrajK/coding-problems/tree/master/Other) - Backtracking, BFS, DFS, Stacks, Queues, Deques, Priority Queues (Heaps), Matrices, etc.
## Learning Resources
@@ -104,64 +102,64 @@ The learning resources are divided into 4 categories: [Courses](#Courses), [Book
Collection of free courses from one of the best CS universities.
-1. Standford University
+1. Standford University
- - [Algorithms Specialization (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/algorithms)
- - [Divide and Conquer, Sorting and Searching, and Randomized Algorithms](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-divide-conquer)
- - [Graph Search, Shortest Paths, and Data Structures](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-graphs-data-structures)
- - [Greedy Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Trees, and Dynamic Programming](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-greedy)
- - [Shortest Paths Revisited, NP-Complete Problems and What To Do About Them](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-npcomplete)
- - [Introduction to Programming Contests - CS 97SI](http://web.stanford.edu/class/cs97si/)
+ - [Algorithms Specialization (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/algorithms)
+ - [Divide and Conquer, Sorting and Searching, and Randomized Algorithms](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-divide-conquer)
+ - [Graph Search, Shortest Paths, and Data Structures](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-graphs-data-structures)
+ - [Greedy Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Trees, and Dynamic Programming](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-greedy)
+ - [Shortest Paths Revisited, NP-Complete Problems and What To Do About Them](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-npcomplete)
+ - [Introduction to Programming Contests - CS 97SI](http://web.stanford.edu/class/cs97si/)
-2. Princeton University
+2. Princeton University
- - [Algorithms Part 1 (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1)
- - [Algorithms Part 2 (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2)
- - [Analysis of Algorithms (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/analysis-of-algorithms)
+ - [Algorithms Part 1 (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1)
+ - [Algorithms Part 2 (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2)
+ - [Analysis of Algorithms (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/analysis-of-algorithms)
-3. UC San Diego
+3. UC San Diego
- - [Data Structures and Algorithms Specialization (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/data-structures-algorithms)
- - [Algorithmic Toolbox](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-toolbox)
- - [Data Structures](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures)
- - [Algorithms on Graphs](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs)
- - [Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings)
- - [Advanced Algorithms and Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/advanced-algorithms-and-complexity)
- - [Data Structures and Performance (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance)
- - [edX](https://www.edx.org/school/uc-san-diegox)
- - [Data Structures Fundamentals](https://www.edx.org/course/data-structures-fundamentals)
- - [Algorithmic Design and Techniques](https://www.edx.org/course/algorithmic-design-and-techniques)
- - [Graph Algorithms](https://www.edx.org/course/graph-algorithms)
- - [Data Structures: An Active Learning Approach](https://www.edx.org/course/data-structures-an-active-learning-approach)
+ - [Data Structures and Algorithms Specialization (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/data-structures-algorithms)
+ - [Algorithmic Toolbox](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-toolbox)
+ - [Data Structures](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures)
+ - [Algorithms on Graphs](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs)
+ - [Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings)
+ - [Advanced Algorithms and Complexity](https://www.coursera.org/learn/advanced-algorithms-and-complexity)
+ - [Data Structures and Performance (Coursera)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance)
+ - [edX](https://www.edx.org/school/uc-san-diegox)
+ - [Data Structures Fundamentals](https://www.edx.org/course/data-structures-fundamentals)
+ - [Algorithmic Design and Techniques](https://www.edx.org/course/algorithmic-design-and-techniques)
+ - [Graph Algorithms](https://www.edx.org/course/graph-algorithms)
+ - [Data Structures: An Active Learning Approach](https://www.edx.org/course/data-structures-an-active-learning-approach)
-4. MIT University
+4. MIT University
- - [Introduction to algorithms 2005](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8B24C31197EC371C) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-introduction-to-algorithms-sma-5503-fall-2005/)_. Note: this course is the old 6.046J course (the new name is **_Design and analysis of algorithms_**, you can find it below).
- - [Introduction to algorithms 2011 - 6.006](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-006-introduction-to-algorithms-fall-2011/)_
- - [Design and analysis of algorithms - 6.046J](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2015/index.htm)_
- - [Advanced Data Structures - 6.851](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - _[Official MIT page with resources](http://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.851/spring14/lectures/)_
- - [Advanced Algorithms 2016 - 6.854](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) - _[Official MIT page with resources](http://people.csail.mit.edu/moitra/854.html)_
- - [Programming for the Puzzled 2018 - 6.S095](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62QumaaZtCCjkID-NgqrleA) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-s095-programming-for-the-puzzled-january-iap-2018/)_
+ - [Introduction to algorithms 2005](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8B24C31197EC371C) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-introduction-to-algorithms-sma-5503-fall-2005/)_. Note: this course is the old 6.046J course (the new name is **_Design and analysis of algorithms_**, you can find it below).
+ - [Introduction to algorithms 2011 - 6.006](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-006-introduction-to-algorithms-fall-2011/)_
+ - [Design and analysis of algorithms - 6.046J](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2015/index.htm)_
+ - [Advanced Data Structures - 6.851](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - _[Official MIT page with resources](http://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.851/spring14/lectures/)_
+ - [Advanced Algorithms 2016 - 6.854](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) - _[Official MIT page with resources](http://people.csail.mit.edu/moitra/854.html)_
+ - [Programming for the Puzzled 2018 - 6.S095](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62QumaaZtCCjkID-NgqrleA) - _[Official MIT page with resources](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-s095-programming-for-the-puzzled-january-iap-2018/)_
-5. Harvard University
+5. Harvard University
- - [Advanced algorithms - CS224](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf)
+ - [Advanced algorithms - CS224](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf)
-6. UC Berkeley
- - [Data Structures - CS61B](https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61b/archives.html)
- - [Efficient Algorithms and Intractable Problems - CS170](https://cs170.org/) - _[YouTube videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkFD6_40KJIx8lWWbE-Uk069aZ1R-W-VU)_
+6. UC Berkeley
+ - [Data Structures - CS61B](https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61b/archives.html)
+ - [Efficient Algorithms and Intractable Problems - CS170](https://cs170.org/) - _[YouTube videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkFD6_40KJIx8lWWbE-Uk069aZ1R-W-VU)_
### Books
Several books that have made an impression on me:
-1. [Grokking Algorithms by Aditya Bhargava](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22847284-grokking-algorithms-an-illustrated-guide-for-programmers-and-other-curio) - **The best** book for complete beginners in algorithms! I wish this book existed when I started learning algorithms.
-2. [Introduction to Algorithms by CLRS](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6752187-introduction-to-algorithms) - This book is called the "bible textbook of algorithms" by many programmers.
-3. [Algorithms by Robert Sedgewick & Kevin Wayne](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10803540-algorithms) - These authors are instructors of the previously mentioned Coursera courses: [Algorithms Part 1](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) and [Algorithms Part 2](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2). Also, this book has an excellent and free [site](http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu) with exercises, presentations, and examples.
-4. [The Algorithm Design Manual by Steven Skiena](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/425208.The_Algorithm_Design_Manual) - The book describes many advanced topics and algorithms and it focuses on real-life practical examples. This book has [one](http://www.algorist.com) of the best sites with resources ([solutions](), [algorithms and data structures](http://www.algorist.com/algorist.html), [python implementations](http://www.algorist.com/languages/Python.html)).
-5. [Algorithms by S. Dasgupta, C. Papadimitriou, and U. Vazirani](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/138563.Algorithms) - This book is an official book for algorithms and data structures classes in several famous universities.
-6. [Competitive Programming 3 by Steven Halim & Felix Halim](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22820968-competitive-programming-3) - A great book that prepares you for competitive programming (not for complete beginners). You can learn many things and tricks about competitive programming. _But if your goal is to prepare for competitive programming then choose a faster language than Python, **C/C++** (or Java, it's faster than Python but not like C/C++)._
-7. [Cracking the Coding Interview by Gayle Laakmann McDowell](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29350585-cracking-the-coding-interview) - A bit different from the previous books. Prepares you for coding interviews using great coding problems.
+1. [Grokking Algorithms by Aditya Bhargava](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22847284-grokking-algorithms-an-illustrated-guide-for-programmers-and-other-curio) - **The best** book for complete beginners in algorithms! I wish this book existed when I started learning algorithms.
+2. [Introduction to Algorithms by CLRS](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6752187-introduction-to-algorithms) - This book is called the “bible textbook of algorithms” by many programmers.
+3. [Algorithms by Robert Sedgewick & Kevin Wayne](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10803540-algorithms) - These authors are instructors of the previously mentioned Coursera courses: [Algorithms Part 1](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part1) and [Algorithms Part 2](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2). Also, this book has an excellent and free [site](http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu) with exercises, presentations, and examples.
+4. [The Algorithm Design Manual by Steven Skiena](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/425208.The_Algorithm_Design_Manual) - The book describes many advanced topics and algorithms and it focuses on real-life practical examples. This book has [one](http://www.algorist.com) of the best sites with resources ([solutions](), [algorithms and data structures](http://www.algorist.com/algorist.html), [python implementations](http://www.algorist.com/languages/Python.html)).
+5. [Algorithms by S. Dasgupta, C. Papadimitriou, and U. Vazirani](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/138563.Algorithms) - This book is an official book for algorithms and data structures classes in several famous universities.
+6. [Competitive Programming 3 by Steven Halim & Felix Halim](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22820968-competitive-programming-3) - A great book that prepares you for competitive programming (not for complete beginners). You can learn many things and tricks about competitive programming. _But if your goal is to prepare for competitive programming then choose a faster language than Python, **C/C++** (or Java, it’s faster than Python but not like C/C++)._
+7. [Cracking the Coding Interview by Gayle Laakmann McDowell](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29350585-cracking-the-coding-interview) - A bit different from the previous books. Prepares you for coding interviews using great coding problems.
### Training Sites
@@ -195,7 +193,7 @@ If the problems from [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) are not enough and you ne
- [Z-Training](http://www.codah.club/)
- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com/)
- [Wolfram Challenges](https://challenges.wolfram.com/)
-- [Google's Coding Competitions](https://codingcompetitions.withgoogle.com/)
+- [Google’s Coding Competitions](https://codingcompetitions.withgoogle.com/)
- [Cyber-dojo](https://cyber-dojo.org/)
- [CodingBat](http://codingbat.com/)
- [CodeKata](http://codekata.com/)
@@ -218,23 +216,23 @@ If the problems from [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) are not enough and you ne
### Other Resources
-1. [Geeks For Geeks](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) - The site which **all** interested in algorithms (no matter if beginners or experts) should know! [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0RhatS1pyxInC00YKjjBqQ) with many useful videos.
-2. [The Algorithms - Python](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python) - Great GitHub repo with many algorithms written in Python ([Link](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms) from the same repo written in other programming languages).
-3. [CP Algorithms](http://cp-algorithms.com/) - Great page with excellent explanations for various algorithms.
-4. Visualizers:
- - [USFCA Visualization Tool](https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/Algorithms.html) - Great tool for visualizing data structures and algorithms, created by the University of San Francisco.
- - [VisuAlgo](https://visualgo.net/en) - Another great tool for visualizing data structures and algorithms through animation.
- - [Algorithm Visualizer](https://algorithm-visualizer.org/) - Interactive online platform that visualizes algorithms from code. This platform is an open-source project, [here](https://github.com/algorithm-visualizer/algorithm-visualizer) you can find the source code.
-5. Courses and tutorials (but not from universities like the [Courses](#Courses) section):
- - [Google - Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513) - Free course on Udacity offered by Google.
- - [Microsoft - Algorithms and Data Structures](https://www.edx.org/course/algorithms-and-data-structures) - Free course on edX offered by Microsoft.
- - [HackerEarth - Tutorials and Practice](https://www.hackerearth.com/practice/) - Practice problems and learn about many algorithms and data structures needed for competitive programming.
- - [KhanAcademy - Algorithms](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms) - Good explanations for some basic algorithms.
- - [Tutorialspoint - Data Structures and Algorithms](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_structures_algorithms/index.htm) - Another platform with good explanations, also Tutorialspoint has free tutorials for almost everything related to CS!
- - [Programiz - Data Structures and Algorithms](https://www.programiz.com/dsa) - One more platform which explains the data structures and algorithms in a simple and interesting way.
- - [Hackr.io - Data Structures and Algorithms Tutorials and Courses](https://hackr.io/tutorials/learn-data-structures-algorithms) - Big collection of tutorials and courses.
- - [Classpert - Data Structures and Algorithms Courses](https://classpert.com/data-structures-and-algorithms) - List of over 80 Online Courses (free and paid).
-6. YouTube playlists with tutorials:
- - [Data Structures by mycodeschool](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P)
- - [Data Structures by HackerRank](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLI1t_8YX-Apv-UiRlnZwqqrRT8D1RhriX)
- - [Algorithms by HackerRank](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLI1t_8YX-ApvMthLj56t1Rf-Buio5Y8KL)
+1. [Geeks For Geeks](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) - The site which **all** interested in algorithms (no matter if beginners or experts) should know! [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0RhatS1pyxInC00YKjjBqQ) with many useful videos.
+2. [The Algorithms - Python](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python) - Great GitHub repo with many algorithms written in Python ([Link](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms) from the same repo written in other programming languages).
+3. [CP Algorithms](http://cp-algorithms.com/) - Great page with excellent explanations for various algorithms.
+4. Visualizers:
+ - [USFCA Visualization Tool](https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/Algorithms.html) - Great tool for visualizing data structures and algorithms, created by the University of San Francisco.
+ - [VisuAlgo](https://visualgo.net/en) - Another great tool for visualizing data structures and algorithms through animation.
+ - [Algorithm Visualizer](https://algorithm-visualizer.org/) - Interactive online platform that visualizes algorithms from code. This platform is an open-source project, [here](https://github.com/algorithm-visualizer/algorithm-visualizer) you can find the source code.
+5. Courses and tutorials (but not from universities like the [Courses](#Courses) section):
+ - [Google - Intro to Data Structures and Algorithms](https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513) - Free course on Udacity offered by Google.
+ - [Microsoft - Algorithms and Data Structures](https://www.edx.org/course/algorithms-and-data-structures) - Free course on edX offered by Microsoft.
+ - [HackerEarth - Tutorials and Practice](https://www.hackerearth.com/practice/) - Practice problems and learn about many algorithms and data structures needed for competitive programming.
+ - [KhanAcademy - Algorithms](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms) - Good explanations for some basic algorithms.
+ - [Tutorialspoint - Data Structures and Algorithms](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_structures_algorithms/index.htm) - Another platform with good explanations, also Tutorialspoint has free tutorials for almost everything related to CS!
+ - [Programiz - Data Structures and Algorithms](https://www.programiz.com/dsa) - One more platform which explains the data structures and algorithms in a simple and interesting way.
+ - [Hackr.io - Data Structures and Algorithms Tutorials and Courses](https://hackr.io/tutorials/learn-data-structures-algorithms) - Big collection of tutorials and courses.
+ - [Classpert - Data Structures and Algorithms Courses](https://classpert.com/data-structures-and-algorithms) - List of over 80 Online Courses (free and paid).
+6. YouTube playlists with tutorials:
+ - [Data Structures by mycodeschool](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P)
+ - [Data Structures by HackerRank](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLI1t_8YX-Apv-UiRlnZwqqrRT8D1RhriX)
+ - [Algorithms by HackerRank](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLI1t_8YX-ApvMthLj56t1Rf-Buio5Y8KL)
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Strings/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Strings/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb12b1f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Strings/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Strings
+=======
+
+.. — — encoding_string.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_common_prefix.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 longest_palindromic_substring.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 reverse_string.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 reverse_vowels.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 reverse_words_in_sentence.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 swap_first_and_last_word.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 zigzag_conversion.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Trees/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Trees/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e53d73f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/Trees/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Trees
+=====
+
+.. — — diameter_of_binary_tree.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_kth_smallest_node_bst.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_max_branch_sum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_max_path_sum.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 find_second_largest_node.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 find_second_largest_node_bst.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 populating_next_pointers_tree.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 same_tree.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 tree_helpers.py 291 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 unival_trees.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 valid_bst.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 zigzag_level_order_traversal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/coding-problems-master/index.md b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47f8e4ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/coding-problems-master/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+coding-problems-master
+======================
+
+.. — — Arrays — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Dynamic_Programming — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Hashing_DS — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Linked_Lists — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Math — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Other — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Strings — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Trees — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.md 17 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:09 2021
diff --git a/Overflow/index.md b/Overflow/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5cecb7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Overflow/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Overflow
+========
+
+.. — — Beginners-Python-Examples-master — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 _Algorithms — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 _Data-Structures — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 _Learning — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 coding-problems-master — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021
diff --git a/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.html b/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.html
index 224cfcfb..18fed386 100644
--- a/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.html
+++ b/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.html
@@ -1373,7 +1373,9 @@
@pyw.exe @pyw.exe
C:\Python34\mcb.pyw %*
diff --git a/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.md b/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.md
index 35642f9f..bb090bef 100644
--- a/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.md
+++ b/Readings/Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.md
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ This means the code will need to do the following:
If you use Windows, you can easily run this script from the Run… window by creating a batch file named _mcb.bat_ with the following content:
-@pyw.exe C:\\Python34\\mcb.pyw %\*
+@pyw.exe C:\\Python34\\mcb.pyw %\*
## Step 1: Comments and Shelf Setup
diff --git a/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.html b/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.html
index 24a3f2b4..492b46f7 100644
--- a/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.html
+++ b/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.html
@@ -372,11 +372,16 @@ Cleaning Up
As always, I welcome feedback and constructive criticism. I can be reached
on Twitter
[@koehrsen_will [@koehrsen_will ] (http://twitter.com/@koehrsen_will @koehrsen_will ).
diff --git a/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.md b/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.md
index 60765558..ed37113b 100644
--- a/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.md
+++ b/Readings/Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.md
@@ -143,6 +143,6 @@ I should mention you do want to be careful before you automate critical tasks. T
In terms of paying off, this program saves me about 30 seconds for every assignment and took 2 hours to write. So, if I use it to turn in 240 assignments, then I come out ahead on time! However, the payoff of this program is in designing a cool solution to a problem and learning a lot in the process. While my time might have been more effectively spent working on assignments rather than figuring out how to automatically turn them in, I thoroughly enjoyed this challenge. There are few things as satisfying as solving problems, and Python turns out to be a pretty good tool for doing exactly that.
-As always, I welcome feedback and constructive criticism. I can be reached on Twitter \[@koehrsen_will \] (http://twitter.com/@koehrsen_will ).
+As always, I welcome feedback and constructive criticism. I can be reached on Twitter \[@koehrsen_will \] (http://twitter.com/@koehrsen_will ).
[Source](https://towardsdatascience.com/controlling-the-web-with-python-6fceb22c5f08)
diff --git a/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.html b/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.html
index b5d755dd..f7caedf7 100644
--- a/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.html
+++ b/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.html
@@ -209,8 +209,10 @@
string$Check if a variable ends with a set of stringsimport re
- someText="Hello regular expression" a=re.findall("expression$ $Check if a variable ends with a set of stringsimport re
+ someText="Hello regular expression" a=re.findall("expression$ ", someText)
@@ -521,7 +523,7 @@
objecta=memoryview(object)bytes()Convert a memory buffer protocol into
bytesbytes(a[0:2])bytearray()Return an array of
bytesbytearray(object)#Write a single line of comment or prevent a line of
- code from being executed# Python regex cheat sheet""" "““Write a
+ code from being executed# Python regex cheat sheet""" “““Write a
multi-line comment”““The Python regex cheat sheet is good for beginners
It’s equally a great refresher for experts”““Command Line pip install packageInstall an online librarypip install pandasvirtualenv
diff --git a/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.md b/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.md
index c3163ed3..bf91210a 100644
--- a/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.md
+++ b/Readings/The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.md
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ print(a)
output: \[‘Hello’, ‘regular’\]
-string$Check if a variable ends with a set of stringsimport re someText="Hello regular expression" a=re.findall("expression$ ", someText)
+string$Check if a variable ends with a set of stringsimport re someText="Hello regular expression" a=re.findall("expression$ ", someText)
output: \[‘expression’\]
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ print(a)
output: \[1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 6, 6, 4\]
-memoryview(x)Access the internal buffers of an objecta=memoryview(object)bytes()Convert a memory buffer protocol into bytesbytes(a\[0:2\])bytearray()Return an array of bytesbytearray(object)\#Write a single line of comment or prevent a line of code from being executed\# Python regex cheat sheet""" "““Write a multi-line comment”““The Python regex cheat sheet is good for beginners
+memoryview(x)Access the internal buffers of an objecta=memoryview(object)bytes()Convert a memory buffer protocol into bytesbytes(a\[0:2\])bytearray()Return an array of bytesbytearray(object)\#Write a single line of comment or prevent a line of code from being executed\# Python regex cheat sheet""" “““Write a multi-line comment”““The Python regex cheat sheet is good for beginners
It’s equally a great refresher for experts”““**Command Line**pip install packageInstall an online librarypip install pandasvirtualenv nameUse virtaulenv to create a virtual environmentvirtualenv myprojectmkvirtualenv nameUse virtual environment wrapper to create virtual environmentmkvirtualenv myprojectpython file.pyRun the commands in a Python file”python my_file.pypip freezeList out all the installed packages in a virtual environmentpip freezepip freeze > somefilesCopy all installed libraries in a single filepip freeze > requirements.txtwhereFind the installation path of Pythonwhere python–versionCheck the version of a packagepython –version.exeRun a Python shellpython.exewith open(file, ‘w’)Write to an existing file and overwrite its existing contentwith open(‘regex.txt’, ‘w’) as wf:
wf.write(“Hello World!”)with open(file, ‘r’)Open a file as read-onlywith open(‘regex.txt’, ‘r’) as rf:
print(rf.read()with open(file, ‘a’)Write to a file without overwriting its existing contentwith open(‘regex.txt’, ‘a’) as af:
diff --git a/Readings/index.md b/Readings/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39bf22e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Readings/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Readings
+========
+
+ .. — — (Tutorial)_Reading_and_Writing_Files_in_Python.html 43 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 (Tutorial)_Reading_and_Writing_Files_in_Python.md 33 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 10_External_Python_packages_you_are_going_to_love.html 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 10_External_Python_packages_you_are_going_to_love.md 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 30-python-snippets.html 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 30-python-snippets.md 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 A_quick_yet_complete_tour_of_lists_in_Python3_in_just_seven_minutes.html 14 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 A_quick_yet_complete_tour_of_lists_in_Python3_in_just_seven_minutes.md 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 An_A-Z_of_useful_Python_tricks.html 21 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 An_A-Z_of_useful_Python_tricks.md 16 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.html 70 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Automate-Boring-Stuff-with-Python.md 49 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.html 16 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Controlling_the_Web_with_Python.md 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 How_to_build_a_URL_crawler_to_map_a_website_using_Python.html 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 How_to_build_a_URL_crawler_to_map_a_website_using_Python.md 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.html 17 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 The_Python_RegEx_Cheat_Sheet_for_Budding_Programmers.md 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 beginners.pdf 212 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 importing-data-python.pdf 135 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 jupyter-notebook-cheat-sheet.pdf 785 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 numpy.pdf 649 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 python-basics.html 51 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 python-basics.md 39 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/directory.html b/directory.html
index cf407bc2..e3388676 100644
--- a/directory.html
+++ b/directory.html
@@ -1,11 +1,29 @@
-
-
-
-Site Navigation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ directory
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/directory.md b/directory.md
index e69de29b..8b137891 100644
--- a/directory.md
+++ b/directory.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/exploring-python/Numpy.pdf b/exploring-python/Numpy.pdf
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new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e50b95b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exploring-python/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+exploring-python
+================
+
+.. — — Numpy.ipynb 378 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 basics.ipynb 31 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 part1.ipynb 84 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 part2.ipynb 20 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 part3.ipynb 53 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 part4.ipynb 25 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 part5.ipynb 36 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 864 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 working-w-jupyter-vscode.html 30 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 working-w-jupyter-vscode.md 20 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 5df9f830..0e77d325 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1,1406 +1,9550 @@
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
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+
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+ search engine
+ by freefind
-
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diff --git a/learn-python/index.md b/learn-python/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..718efb26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+learn-python
+============
+
+.. — — src — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .flake8 31 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .travis.yml 268 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.html 16 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.pt-BR.html 16 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.pt-BR.md 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pylintrc 16 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 requirements.txt 251 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/additions/index.md b/learn-python/src/additions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f669e452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/additions/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+additions
+=========
+
+.. — — test_generators.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_pass.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/classes/index.md b/learn-python/src/classes/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a13fe568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/classes/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+classes
+=======
+
+.. — — test_class_and_instance_variables.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_class_definition.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 test_class_objects.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 test_inheritance.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 test_instance_objects.py 992 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 test_method_objects.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 test_multiple_inheritance.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/control_flow/index.md b/learn-python/src/control_flow/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75d60b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/control_flow/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+control\_flow
+=============
+
+.. — — test_break.py 798 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_continue.py 879 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_for.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_if.py 803 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:14 2021 test_try.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_while.py 960 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/data_types/index.md b/learn-python/src/data_types/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e534c3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/data_types/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+data\_types
+===========
+
+.. — — test_dictionaries.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_lists.py 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_numbers.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_sets.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_strings.py 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_tuples.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_type_casting.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/exceptions/index.md b/learn-python/src/exceptions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cf40821
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+exceptions
+==========
+
+.. — — test_handle_exceptions.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_raise_exceptions.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/files/index.md b/learn-python/src/files/index.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/learn-python/src/files/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+files
+=====
+
+.. — — binary_file 16 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 multi_line_file.txt 33 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_file_methods.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_file_reading.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/functions/index.md b/learn-python/src/functions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a2342f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/functions/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+functions
+=========
+
+.. — — test_function_annotations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_function_arbitrary_arguments.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_function_decorators.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_function_default_arguments.py 925 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_function_definition.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_function_documentation_string.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_function_keyword_arguments.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_function_scopes.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_function_unpacking_arguments.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 test_lambda_expressions.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/getting_started/index.md b/learn-python/src/getting_started/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3663e35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/getting_started/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+getting\_started
+================
+
+.. — — python_syntax.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 python_syntax.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_variables.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021 what_is_python.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 what_is_python.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/index.md b/learn-python/src/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad534d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+src
+===
+
+.. — — additions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 classes — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 control_flow — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 data_types — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 exceptions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 files — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 functions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 getting_started — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 modules — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021
diff --git a/learn-python/src/modules/index.md b/learn-python/src/modules/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c365ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/learn-python/src/modules/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+modules
+=======
+
+.. — — fibonacci_module.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:15 2021
diff --git a/learn-python3/advance/index.md b/learn-python3/advance/index.md
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diff --git a/left.html b/left.html
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- /Users/bryan/Downloads/PYTHON-REPO
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- <RETURN TO NAVIGATION>
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- DOCS
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- learn-pyt...amples
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- Free Code Camp
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diff --git a/left.md b/left.md
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diff --git a/mini-scripts/index.md b/mini-scripts/index.md
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+mini-scripts
+============
+
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python_Normal_(Gaussian)_Distribution_2.txt.py 88 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_NumPy_Array_Copy.txt.py 108 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_NumPy_Array_Copy_and_View.txt.py 106 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_NumPy_Array_Slicing_1.txt.py 80 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_NumPy_Array_Slicing_2.txt.py 79 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_NumPy_Array_Slicing_3.txt.py 79 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_NumPy_Array__View.txt.py 108 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_NumPy_Array_negative_Slicing.txt.py 82 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_NumPy_Array_negative_Slicing_(STEP)_1.txt.py 82 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_NumPy_Array_negative_Slicing_(STEP)_2.txt.py 80 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_NumPy_Array_negative_Slicing_(STEP)_3.txt.py 97 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_NumPy_Array_negative_Slicing_(STEP)_4.txt.py 97 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_NumPy_Array_negative_Slicing_(STEP)_5.txt.py 99 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 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Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_NumPy_Summations_1.txt.py 126 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_NumPy_Summations_2.txt.py 128 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Number_of_Arguments.txt.py 100 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_Object_Methods.txt.py 217 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Order_the_Result.txt.py 342 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Pareto_Distribution.txt.py 77 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Passing_a_List_as_an_Argument.txt.py 129 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Poisson_Distribution.txt.py 76 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Product_Over_an_Axis.txt.py 143 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Raise_an_exception_1.txt.py 74 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Raise_an_exception_2.txt.py 89 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Random_Data_Distribution_1.txt.py 109 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Random_Data_Distribution_2.txt.py 110 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Random_Permutations_shuffling_array.txt.py 118 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Range_of_Indexes_1.txt.py 261 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Range_of_Indexes_2.txt.py 261 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_Range_of_Indexes_3.txt.py 103 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:19 2021 python_Range_of_Negative_Indexes.txt.py 304 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:19 2021 python_Rayleigh_Distribution.txt.py 83 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:19 2021 python_Re-naming_a_Module.txt.py 58 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Read_Only_Parts_of_the_File.txt.py 51 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:19 2021 python_Recursion.txt.py 216 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:19 2021 python_Remove_Items.txt.py 125 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Remove_Specified_Index_1.txt.py 76 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Remove_Specified_Index_2.txt.py 75 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Remove_Specified_Index_3.txt.py 76 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Remove_Specified_Index_4.txt.py 159 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Remove_Specified_Item.txt.py 86 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Remove_Whitespace.txt.py 41 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Removing_Array_Elements.txt.py 63 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Removing_Array_Elements_2.txt.py 72 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Replace_String.txt.py 49 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Reshape_From_1-D_to_2-D.txt.py 126 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Reshape_From_1-D_to_3-D.txt.py 129 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Return_Values.txt.py 112 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Returns_Copy_or_View.txt.py 97 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Reverse_Order.txt.py 92 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Rounding_Decimals__ceil.txt.py 70 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Rounding_Decimals__fix.txt.py 69 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Rounding_Decimals__floor.txt.py 71 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Rounding_Decimals_rounding.txt.py 64 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Rounding_Decimals_truncation_1.txt.py 71 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Seaborn_plotting_a_displot.txt.py 106 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Search_From_the_Right_Side.txt.py 109 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Search_Sorted_array.txt.py 95 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Searching_Arrays_1.txt.py 99 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Searching_Arrays_2.txt.py 106 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Searching_Arrays_3.txt.py 106 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Searching_Arrays_multple_values.txt.py 103 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Set_Items_-_Data_Types_1.txt.py 132 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Set_Items_-_Data_Types_2.txt.py 53 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Set_Items_-_Data_Types_3.txt.py 61 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__bool.txt.py 88 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__bytearray.txt.py 93 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__bytes.txt.py 89 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__complex.txt.py 92 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__dict.txt.py 106 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__float.txt.py 92 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__frozenset.txt.py 121 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__int.txt.py 88 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__list.txt.py 116 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__memoryview.txt.py 101 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__range.txt.py 89 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__set.txt.py 115 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__str.txt.py 99 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Setting_the_Specific_Data_Type__tuple.txt.py 117 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Shape_of_an_Array_1.txt.py 88 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Shape_of_an_Array_2.txt.py 113 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Short_Hand_If.txt.py 64 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Short_Hand_If_..._Else_1.txt.py 55 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Short_Hand_If_..._Else_2.txt.py 83 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_absolute_values.txt.py 107 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_addition.txt.py 156 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_division.txt.py 155 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_multiplication.txt.py 161 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_power.txt.py 153 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_quotient_and_mod.txt.py 154 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_remander.txt.py 151 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_remander_2.txt.py 157 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Simple_Arithmetic_subtraction.txt.py 161 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Slice_From_the_Start.txt.py 35 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Slice_To_the_End.txt.py 35 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Some_Values_are_False_1.txt.py 123 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Some_Values_are_False_2.txt.py 101 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Sort_Descending_1.txt.py 113 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Sort_Descending_2.txt.py 84 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Sort_List_Alphanumerically_1.txt.py 101 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Sort_List_Alphanumerically_2.txt.py 72 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Sorting_a_2-D_Array.txt.py 85 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Split_Into_Arrays.txt.py 149 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Split_String.txt.py 49 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Splitting_2-D_Arrays_1.txt.py 143 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Splitting_2-D_Arrays_2.txt.py 175 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Splitting_2-D_Arrays_3.txt.py 183 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Splitting_2-D_Arrays_4.txt.py 170 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Splitting_NumPy_Arrays_1.txt.py 110 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Splitting_NumPy_Arrays_2.txt.py 110 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Stacking_Along_Columns.txt.py 127 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Stacking_Along_Height_(depth).txt.py 127 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_Stacking_Along_Rows.txt.py 127 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_StopIteration.txt.py 341 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_String_Length.txt.py 36 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:22 2021 python_String_to_a_Variable.txt.py 23 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:23 2021 python_Strings_are_Arrays.txt.py 34 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Summation_Over_an_Axis.txt.py 136 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_The_Syntax_condition_1.txt.py 124 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_The_Syntax_condition_2.txt.py 108 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_The_set()_Constructor.txt.py 154 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_The_strftime()_Method.txt.py 81 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_The_tuple()_Constructor.txt.py 68 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Trigonometric_Functions_1.txt.py 57 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Trigonometric_Functions_2.txt.py 115 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Tuple_Items_-_Data_Types_1.txt.py 144 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Tuple_Items_-_Data_Types_2.txt.py 57 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Tuple_Items_-_Data_Types_3.txt.py 65 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Tuple_Length.txt.py 73 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Uniform_Distribution.txt.py 73 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Unknown_Dimension.txt.py 115 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Unpacking_a_Tuple_1.txt.py 57 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Unpacking_a_Tuple_2.txt.py 116 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Use_a_Module.txt.py 51 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Use_the_super()_Function.txt.py 320 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Using_Asterix_(multible)_1.txt.py 144 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Using_Asterix_(multible)_2.txt.py 139 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Using_a_While_Loop.txt.py 114 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Using_a_While_Loop_(2).txt.py 117 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Using_the_dir()_Function.txt.py 48 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Variables_in_Module_1.txt.py 60 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Variables_in_Module_2.txt.py 58 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_Zipf_Distribution.txt.py 75 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:25 2021 python_class_and_object_pass_Statement.txt.py 124 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:12 2021 python_create_a_set.txt.py 201 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:13 2021 python_for_Looping_Through_a_String.txt.py 34 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop_Nested_Loops.txt.py 131 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop__break_Statement.txt.py 110 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop__break_Statement_2.txt.py 110 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop_continue_Statement.txt.py 113 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop_pass_Statement.txt.py 120 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop_range()_Function_1.txt.py 34 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop_range()_Function_2.txt.py 37 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_for_loop_range()_Function_3.txt.py 41 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_function_pass_Statement.txt.py 131 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:14 2021 python_global_Keyword_1.txt.py 91 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:15 2021 python_global_Keyword_2.txt.py 110 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:15 2021 python_hello_world.txt.py 40 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:15 2021 python_join_two_sets_update().txt.py 76 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:16 2021 python_method_find()_2.txt.py 70 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:16 2021 python_method_find()_3.txt.py 77 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:16 2021 python_method_find()_4.txt.py 84 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:16 2021 python_multe_line_comment.txt.py 90 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_negative_indexing_Access_Array_Elements.txt.py 127 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_numpy_Access_Array_Elements_1.txt.py 69 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_numpy_Access_Array_Elements_2.txt.py 69 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_numpy_Access_Array_Elements_3.txt.py 78 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_numpy_Access_Array_Elements__2-D_array_1.txt.py 123 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_numpy_Access_Array_Elements__2-D_array_2.txt.py 123 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_numpy_Access_Array_Elements__3-D_array_1.txt.py 114 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:17 2021 python_numpy_ufuncs_Vectorization1.txt.py 101 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_numpy_ufuncs_Vectorization2.txt.py 88 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_or.txt.py 99 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:18 2021 python_seaborn_Plotting_a_Distplot_Without_the_Histogram.txt.py 118 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_self_Parameter.txt.py 242 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_set_Duplicates_Not_Allowed.txt.py 68 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:20 2021 python_single_line_comment_1.txt.py 46 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_single_line_comment_2.txt.py 86 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:21 2021 python_the_syntax_expression_1.txt.py 116 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_the_syntax_expression_2.txt.py 114 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_the_syntax_expression_3.txt.py 139 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_the_sysntax_iterable.txt.py 52 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_the_sysntax_iterable_2.txt.py 61 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_using_a_for_loop_1.txt.py 78 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_using_a_for_loop_2.txt.py 78 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_v.txt.py 134 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_while_Loop.txt.py 47 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:24 2021 python_while_loop_break_Statement.txt.py 78 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:25 2021 python_while_loop_continue_Statement.txt.py 130 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:25 2021 python_while_loop_else_Statement.txt.py 95 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:31:25 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51e8da9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 05-interactive-code
+
+.. — — m-n-m — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 832 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 85 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..774ab06b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — inspectionProfiles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 12 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 M&M_Guessing.iml 393 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 misc.xml 193 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modules.xml 284 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vcs.xml 189 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d5e8fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# inspectionProfiles
+
+.. — — profiles_settings.xml 174 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2a99928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/05-interactive-code/m-n-m/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# m-n-m
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 guessinggame.py 656 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 392 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2825d26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 06-organizing-code-with-functions
+
+.. — — rocks-game — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 842 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 95 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4d9123d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — inspectionProfiles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 13 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 RPS_Functions.iml 402 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 misc.xml 202 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modules.xml 278 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vcs.xml 189 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d5e8fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# inspectionProfiles
+
+.. — — profiles_settings.xml 174 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a974b83c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/06-organizing-code-with-functions/rocks-game/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# rocks-game
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 383 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rpsgame.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..862bd3b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 07-data-structures
+
+.. — — rocks-game — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 simple_dict — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 902 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 134 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d920b765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — inspectionProfiles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 19 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 RPS_Data_Structures.iml 334 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modules.xml 290 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vcs.xml 189 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d5e8fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# inspectionProfiles
+
+.. — — profiles_settings.xml 174 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a974b83c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/rocks-game/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# rocks-game
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 383 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rpsgame.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/simple_dict/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/simple_dict/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..441f55bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/simple_dict/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 26 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Data_Structure_Exploration.iml 399 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/simple_dict/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/simple_dict/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11e0be1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/07-data-structures/simple_dict/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# simple_dict
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 playground.py 547 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 388 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..daf53742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 08-problem-solving
+
+.. — — tictactoe — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 840 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 93 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/.idea/dictionaries/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cc62d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# dictionaries
+
+.. — — screencaster.xml 148 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd36e00a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — dictionaries — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 11 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d590799c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/08-problem-solving/tictactoe/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# tictactoe
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 game.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 377 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61baf1d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 09-working-with-files
+
+.. — — rocks-game — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 842 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 95 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e866bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# dictionaries
+
+.. — — screencaster.xml 173 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b15a4fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — dictionaries — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 inspectionProfiles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 11 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 RPS_File_IO.iml 330 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 misc.xml 198 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modules.xml 274 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vcs.xml 189 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d5e8fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# inspectionProfiles
+
+.. — — profiles_settings.xml 174 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41274571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/09-working-with-files/rocks-game/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# rocks-game
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 420 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rolls.json 766 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rpsgame.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5dbf7bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 10-external-libraries
+
+.. — — rocks-game — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 842 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 95 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3adb3c42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# dictionaries
+
+.. — — mkennedy.xml 151 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 screencaster.xml 175 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4c94df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — dictionaries — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 inspectionProfiles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 17 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 RPS_External_Libs.iml 334 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 misc.xml 202 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modules.xml 286 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vcs.xml 189 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d5e8fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# inspectionProfiles
+
+.. — — profiles_settings.xml 174 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..65af928f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/10-external-libraries/rocks-game/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# rocks-game
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 requirements.txt 24 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 469 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rolls.json 766 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rpsgame.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d6904de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# 11-error-handling
+
+.. — — rocks-game — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 842 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 95 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3298998f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/dictionaries/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# dictionaries
+
+.. — — screencaster.xml 152 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..477bb1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# .idea
+
+.. — — dictionaries — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 inspectionProfiles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .gitignore 38 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .name 18 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 RPS_Error_Handling.iml 334 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modules.xml 288 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vcs.xml 189 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d5e8fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# inspectionProfiles
+
+.. — — profiles_settings.xml 174 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c244ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/11-error-handling/rocks-game/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# rocks-game
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 requirements.txt 24 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 469 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rolls.json 766 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rpsgame.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/code/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/code/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37579287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/code/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# code
+
+.. — — 05-interactive-code — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 06-organizing-code-with-functions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 07-data-structures — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 08-problem-solving — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 09-working-with-files — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 10-external-libraries — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 11-error-handling — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 449 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..398abf29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# prac-4-beginners
+
+.. — — code — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 practices — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 readme_resources — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 solutions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 1012 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 202 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch04_first_lines/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch04_first_lines/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f73a43f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch04_first_lines/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch04_first_lines
+
+.. — — readme.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 421 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch05_interactive_code/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch05_interactive_code/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdd45d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch05_interactive_code/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch05_interactive_code
+
+.. — — readme.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 421 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a595cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch06-organizing-code-with-functions
+
+.. — — guessinggame.py 656 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 468 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch07_data_structures/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch07_data_structures/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78fb4b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch07_data_structures/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch07_data_structures
+
+.. — — readme.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 421 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch08_problem_solving/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch08_problem_solving/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42ca5649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch08_problem_solving/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch08_problem_solving
+
+.. — — readme_files — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 readme.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 461 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch08_problem_solving/readme_files/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch08_problem_solving/readme_files/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e0a8a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch08_problem_solving/readme_files/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# readme_files
+
+.. — — Connect_4_Board_and_Box.jpg 23 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 409 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch09_working_with_files/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch09_working_with_files/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b55c8a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch09_working_with_files/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch09_working_with_files
+
+.. — — readme.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 421 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch10_external_libraries/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch10_external_libraries/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..295908e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch10_external_libraries/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch10_external_libraries
+
+.. — — readme.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 420 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch11-error-handling/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch11-error-handling/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7460403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/ch11-error-handling/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch11-error-handling
+
+.. — — readme.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 421 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/practices/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/practices/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76231062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/practices/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# practices
+
+.. — — ch04_first_lines — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch05_interactive_code — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch06-organizing-code-with-functions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch07_data_structures — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch08_problem_solving — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch09_working_with_files — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch10_external_libraries — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch11-error-handling — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 readme.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 549 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 876 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/readme_resources/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/readme_resources/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73910326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/readme_resources/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# readme_resources
+
+.. — — absolute-beginners.jpg 67 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 404 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-04-writing-your-first-lines-of-code/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-04-writing-your-first-lines-of-code/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ddd5e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-04-writing-your-first-lines-of-code/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-04-writing-your-first-lines-of-code
+
+.. — — right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 795 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_1.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_1.md 636 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_2.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_2.md 289 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_3.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_3.md 488 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_4.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_4.md 483 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_5.png 50 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-05-interactive-code/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-05-interactive-code/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e8b43c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-05-interactive-code/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-05-interactive-code
+
+.. — — hello_world.py 90 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 674 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_1.html 890 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_1.md 107 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_2_even_odd.py 381 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_3_even_odd_a_lot.py 540 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 step_4.png 142 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6af93e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-06-organizing-code-with-functions/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-06-organizing-code-with-functions
+
+.. — — guessinggame.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 393 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-07-data-structures/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-07-data-structures/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..680ba638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-07-data-structures/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-07-data-structures
+
+.. — — dictionary_program.py 1018 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 402 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-08-problem-solving/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-08-problem-solving/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f29d78f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-08-problem-solving/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-08-problem-solving
+
+.. — — connect4.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 readme.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-09-working-with-files/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-09-working-with-files/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1d53f45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-09-working-with-files/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-09-working-with-files
+
+.. — — connect4_files.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 397 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-10-external-libraries/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-10-external-libraries/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b53a132a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-10-external-libraries/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-10-external-libraries
+
+.. — — connect4_color.py 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 requirements.txt 9 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 446 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-11-error-handling/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-11-error-handling/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f67cbc5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/ch-11-error-handling/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# ch-11-error-handling
+
+.. — — readme.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 483 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 tictactoe_errors_handled.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021
diff --git a/prac-4-beginners/solutions/index.md b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8ebbc46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prac-4-beginners/solutions/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# solutions
+
+.. — — ch-04-writing-your-first-lines-of-code — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch-05-interactive-code — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch-06-organizing-code-with-functions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch-07-data-structures — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch-08-problem-solving — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch-09-working-with-files — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch-10-external-libraries — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ch-11-error-handling — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 readme.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 readme.md 542 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 906 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projecteuler/index.md b/projecteuler/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14174e38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projecteuler/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+projecteuler
+============
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 digits.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler001_sum_multiples_3_or_5.py 805 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler002_even_fibs.py 501 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler003_largest_prime_factor.py 531 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler004_largest_palindrome_product.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler005_smallest_multiple.py 622 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler006_sum_square_difference.py 894 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler007_nth_prime.py 503 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler008_largest_product_in_a_series.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler009.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler010.py 627 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler011.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler012.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler013.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler014.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler015.py 859 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler016.py 540 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler017.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler018.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler019.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler020.py 690 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler021.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler022.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler023.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler024.py 1013 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler025.py 938 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler026.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler027.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler028.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler029.py 960 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler030.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler031.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler032.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler033.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler034.py 935 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler035.py 1016 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler036.py 975 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler037.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler038_pandigital_multiples.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler039_integer_right_triangles.py 962 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler040_champernowne_constant.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler041_pandigital_prime.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler042_coded_triangle_numbers.py 698 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler043_sub_string_divisibility.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler044_pentagon_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler045_triangular_pentagonal_and_exagonal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler046_goldbachs_other_conjecture.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler047_distinct_primes_factors.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler048_self_powers.py 822 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler049_prime_permutations.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler050_consecutive_prime_sum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler051_prime_digit_replacements.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler052_permuted_multiples.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler053_combinatoric_selections.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler054_poker_hands.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 euler055_lychrel_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler056.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euler057.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euler058.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euler059.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euler067.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euler081.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 euler220.c 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 factorization.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 graphs.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 memoization.py 272 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 numberwords.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 palindromes.py 309 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 primality.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 series.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 spirals.py 642 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 words.py 279 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/BST_and_Heaps/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/BST_and_Heaps/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1c9c02f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/BST_and_Heaps/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+BST\_and\_Heaps
+===============
+
+.. — — Binary_Trees.png 104 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bst_heaps.html 22 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bst_heaps.md 17 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bst_heaps.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 479 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Doubly_Linked_List/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Doubly_Linked_List/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14861582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Doubly_Linked_List/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Doubly\_Linked\_List
+====================
+
+.. — — 2_doubly_linked_list.html 15 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 2_doubly_linked_list.md 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dll.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 434 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Interview_Problems/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Interview_Problems/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1098a2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Interview_Problems/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Interview\_Problems
+===================
+
+.. — — Heaps_and_Interview.html 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Heaps_and_Interview.md 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Interview2.png 90 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 day4.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 481 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Linked_Lists/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Linked_Lists/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..007ed584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/Linked_Lists/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Linked\_Lists
+=============
+
+.. — — 1_linked_lists.html 23 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 1_linked_lists.md 17 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Array_LList.png 110 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linked_list.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d03c929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-Notes/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Data-Structures-Notes
+=====================
+
+.. — — BST_and_Heaps — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Doubly_Linked_List — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Interview_Problems — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Linked_Lists — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 571 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/assets/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/assets/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd33e2bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/assets/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+assets
+======
+
+.. — — big-o-notation.svg 734 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_search_tree.svg 1 MB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_tree.svg 619 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_tree_node.svg 182 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 breadth-first-search.svg 1 MB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 in-order.svg 1 MB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 k-ary_tree.svg 632 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linked-list.svg 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 post-order.svg 1 MB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pre-order.svg 1 MB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 992 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 title.svg 63 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca663628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Data-Structures-and-Algorithms
+==============================
+
+.. — — assets — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 src — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .babelrc 91 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .eslintrc.json 171 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .travis.yml 111 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.html 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 package-lock.json 278 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 package.json 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 486 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e414904b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+algorithms
+==========
+
+.. — — strings — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 882 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 114 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/strings/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/strings/index.md
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index 00000000..9a41aa8a
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/strings/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+strings
+=======
+
+.. — — knuth-morris-pratt — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 858 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 111 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/strings/knuth-morris-pratt/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/strings/knuth-morris-pratt/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e105470f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/strings/knuth-morris-pratt/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+knuth-morris-pratt
+==================
+
+.. — — README.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 381 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/breadth-first-search/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/breadth-first-search/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f325bb3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/breadth-first-search/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+breadth-first-search
+====================
+
+.. — — README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 282 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 380 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/depth-first-search/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/depth-first-search/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bffe5ec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/depth-first-search/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+depth-first-search
+==================
+
+.. — — README.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 381 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe4555ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/algorithms/tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+tree
+====
+
+.. — — breadth-first-search — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 depth-first-search — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 489 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/analysis-of-algorithms/asymptotic-notation/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/analysis-of-algorithms/asymptotic-notation/index.md
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/analysis-of-algorithms/asymptotic-notation/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+asymptotic-notation
+===================
+
+.. — — README.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 381 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/analysis-of-algorithms/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/analysis-of-algorithms/index.md
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index 00000000..998a13ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/analysis-of-algorithms/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+analysis-of-algorithms
+======================
+
+.. — — asymptotic-notation — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 435 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/graph/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/graph/index.md
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/graph/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+graph
+=====
+
+.. — — Graph.js 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 379 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/index.md
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+data-structures
+===============
+
+.. — — graph — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 linked_lists — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 942 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 153 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/linked_lists/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/linked_lists/index.md
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index 00000000..3abdecd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/linked_lists/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+linked\_lists
+=============
+
+.. — — README.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 381 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/binary-search-tree/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/binary-search-tree/index.md
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/binary-search-tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+binary-search-tree
+==================
+
+.. — — README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 536 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 380 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/binary-tree/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/binary-tree/index.md
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/binary-tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+binary-tree
+===========
+
+.. — — README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 788 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 380 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/index.md
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index 00000000..68afb958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/data-structures/tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+tree
+====
+
+.. — — binary-search-tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 binary-tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 473 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f576e6e3
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms/src/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+src
+===
+
+.. — — algorithms — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 analysis-of-algorithms — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 data-structures — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 988 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 199 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/avl_tree/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/avl_tree/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3bc06fce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/avl_tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+avl\_tree
+=========
+
+.. — — avl_tree.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 434 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_avl_tree.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/binary_search_tree/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/binary_search_tree/index.md
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/binary_search_tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+binary\_search\_tree
+====================
+
+.. — — binary_search_tree.py 301 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 463 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_binary_search_tree.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/doubly_linked_list/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/doubly_linked_list/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60c48e37
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/doubly_linked_list/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+doubly\_linked\_list
+====================
+
+.. — — doubly_linked_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 463 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_doubly_linked_list.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/heap/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/heap/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bdd2af0
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/heap/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+heap
+====
+
+.. — — generic_heap.py 364 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 max_heap.py 310 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 536 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_generic_heap.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 test_max_heap.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/index.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Data-Structures
+===============
+
+.. — — avl_tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 binary_search_tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 doubly_linked_list — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 heap — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 javascript — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 lru_cache — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 python — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 queue — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Data_Structures_Questions.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Data_Structures_Questions.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 FAQ.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 FAQ.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.html 14 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pseudocode.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pseudocode.md 239 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 809 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/javascript/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/javascript/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbd83cef
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+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/javascript/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+javascript
+==========
+
+.. — — tests — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 doubly-linked-list.js 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linked-list.js 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 package-lock.json 199 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 package.json 685 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 queue.js 772 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 618 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/javascript/tests/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/javascript/tests/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9ed9d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/javascript/tests/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+tests
+=====
+
+.. — — doubly-linked-list.test.js 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 queue.test.js 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 450 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/lru_cache/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/lru_cache/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ebf6f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/lru_cache/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+lru\_cache
+==========
+
+.. — — doubly_linked_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 lru_cache.py 904 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:17 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 494 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_lru_cache.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/binary_search_tree/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/binary_search_tree/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37fb488c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/binary_search_tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+binary\_search\_tree
+====================
+
+.. — — binary_search_tree.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 binary_search_tree_recursive.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 529 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_binary_search_tree.py 933 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/doubly_linked_list/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/doubly_linked_list/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf3d5047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/doubly_linked_list/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+doubly\_linked\_list
+====================
+
+.. — — doubly_linked_list.py 718 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 463 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_doubly_linked_list.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/heap/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/heap/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8cbbb941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/heap/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+heap
+====
+
+.. — — heap.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 heap_iterative.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 469 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_heap.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9cd20c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+python
+======
+
+.. — — binary_search_tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 doubly_linked_list — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 heap — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 linked_list — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 queue — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 255 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/linked_list/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/linked_list/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db921b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/linked_list/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+linked\_list
+============
+
+.. — — linked_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 445 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_linked_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/queue/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/queue/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbdef933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/python/queue/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+queue
+=====
+
+.. — — queue.py 291 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 422 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_queue.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/Data-Structures/queue/index.md b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/queue/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61996ea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/Data-Structures/queue/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+queue
+=====
+
+.. — — queue.py 241 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 422 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_queue.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/codeStyles/index.md b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/codeStyles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66d91b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/codeStyles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+codeStyles
+==========
+
+.. — — Project.xml 263 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 StyleConfig.xml 149 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/index.md b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..334a64a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.idea
+=====
+
+.. — — codeStyles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 inspectionProfiles — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 DS_ALGO.iml 336 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 misc.xml 283 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modules.xml 266 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vcs.xml 180 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d29d2a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/.idea/inspectionProfiles/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+inspectionProfiles
+==================
+
+.. — — Project_Default.xml 444 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/index.md b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47503ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/data_struct_and_algo/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+data\_struct\_and\_algo
+=======================
+
+.. — — .idea — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Anagram.py 531 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Count_the_characters_.py 608 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Counting_Valleys.py 592 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Distinct_Digit_Array.py 446 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Doubling_stack.py 871 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Find_the_Duplicate_Number.py 440 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Image.py 302 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Jumping_on_the_Clouds.py 265 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Kids_With_the_Greatest_Number_of_Candies.py 383 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Kth_smallest_element.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Move_all_negative_numbers.py 635 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 New_Year_Chaos.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Remove_Element.py 597 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Repeated_String.py 533 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Reverse_words_in_a_given_string.py 439 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Richest_Customer_Wealth.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Running_Sum_of_1d_Array.py 299 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 ShuffleSort.py 20 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 Shuffle_the_Array.py 425 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Sort_an_array_of_0s,_1s_and_2s.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Strong_Password_Checker.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 TicTacToe.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:19 2021 Tower_of_hanoi.py 466 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 TripletSearch.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 Union_of_two_arrays.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 YT_DOWN.py 315 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 all_zeros.py 351 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 balance_parenthisis.py 554 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 binary_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 buble_sort.py 369 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 celeb.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 cyclic_rotation.py 273 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 dump.html 30 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dump.md 26 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 duplicate_removal.py 290 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 exists_in.py 187 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 extract.py 399 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 fib_series.py 160 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 first_occurance.py 800 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 kth_largest.py 149 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 leet_1.py 401 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 linked_list.py 817 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 longest_sub.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_in_array.py 219 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 max_sum_on_rotation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 n_rotations_index.py 346 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 pair_sum.py 766 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 phone_num.py 169 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 ploting.py 669 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 prime.py 191 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 recursion_fact.py 275 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 reverse_in_array.py 285 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 right.html 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rotated_sorted_array.py 922 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 rotated_sorted_find.py 604 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 rotation_arr.py 397 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 sales_by_match.py 410 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 sample.txt 100 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 selection_sort.py 395 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 single_rotation.py 452 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 sort_0_1_2.py 608 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 sorted_array_rotation.py 574 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 sprial_rotation.py 578 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 stack_imply.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 stack_max_o(1).py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 substring_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 sun_finder.py 713 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 system_process_scanner.py 1007 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 temp.html 28 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 temp.md 25 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 temp.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 trapping_water.py 748 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 traversals.py 950 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 tree_creation.py 682 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 wave.py 223 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 word_count.py 437 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 xor.py 170 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021
diff --git a/projects-DS/index.md b/projects-DS/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a98e2801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects-DS/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+projects-DS
+===========
+
+.. — — Data-Structures — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Data-Structures-Notes — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 Data-Structures-and-Algorithms — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 data_struct_and_algo — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 312 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/arithmetic_analysis/image_data/index.md b/python-mega-algo/arithmetic_analysis/image_data/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce26e470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/arithmetic_analysis/image_data/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# image_data
+
+.. — — 2D_problems.jpg 51 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 2D_problems_1.jpg 35 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 498 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/arithmetic_analysis/index.md b/python-mega-algo/arithmetic_analysis/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ceb5e201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/arithmetic_analysis/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# arithmetic_analysis
+
+.. — — image_data — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bisection.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gaussian_elimination.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 in_static_equilibrium.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 intersection.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lu_decomposition.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 newton_forward_interpolation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 newton_method.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:18 2021 newton_raphson.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 secant_method.py 580 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/backtracking/index.md b/python-mega-algo/backtracking/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46d16ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/backtracking/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# backtracking
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 all_combinations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 all_permutations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 all_subsequences.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 coloring.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hamiltonian_cycle.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 knight_tour.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimax.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 n_queens.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 n_queens_math.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rat_in_maze.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sudoku.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sum_of_subsets.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/bit_manipulation/index.md b/python-mega-algo/bit_manipulation/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d838fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/bit_manipulation/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bit\_manipulation
+=================
+
+.. — — README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 422 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_and_operator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_count_setbits.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_count_trailing_zeros.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_or_operator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_shifts.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_twos_complement.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_xor_operator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 count_number_of_one_bits.py 755 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 reverse_bits.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 single_bit_manipulation_operations.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/blockchain/index.md b/python-mega-algo/blockchain/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a00e0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/blockchain/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# blockchain
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 chinese_remainder_theorem.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 diophantine_equation.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modular_division.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 573 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/boolean_algebra/index.md b/python-mega-algo/boolean_algebra/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15fbc27c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/boolean_algebra/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# boolean_algebra
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 quine_mc_cluskey.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 452 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/cellular_automata/index.md b/python-mega-algo/cellular_automata/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1cab34a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/cellular_automata/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# cellular_automata
+
+.. — — README.html 887 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 138 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 conways_game_of_life.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 game_of_life.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 one_dimensional.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 688 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/ciphers/index.md b/python-mega-algo/ciphers/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2dc6055e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/ciphers/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ciphers
+=======
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 a1z26.py 706 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 affine_cipher.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 atbash.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 base16.py 545 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 base32.py 351 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 base64_encoding.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 base85.py 351 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 beaufort_cipher.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 brute_force_caesar_cipher.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 caesar_cipher.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 cryptomath_module.py 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decrypt_caesar_with_chi_squared.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 deterministic_miller_rabin.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 diffie.py 916 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 diffie_hellman.py 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 elgamal_key_generator.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 enigma_machine2.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hill_cipher.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 mixed_keyword_cypher.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 mono_alphabetic_ciphers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 morse_code_implementation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 onepad_cipher.py 872 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 playfair_cipher.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 porta_cipher.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prehistoric_men.txt 329 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rabin_miller.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rail_fence_cipher.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rot13.py 841 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rsa_cipher.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rsa_factorization.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rsa_key_generator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 shuffled_shift_cipher.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 simple_keyword_cypher.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 simple_substitution_cipher.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 trafid_cipher.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 transposition_cipher.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 transposition_cipher_encrypt_decrypt_file.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vigenere_cipher.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 xor_cipher.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/compression/image_data/index.md b/python-mega-algo/compression/image_data/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ee485c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/compression/image_data/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# image_data
+
+.. — — PSNR-example-base.png 3 MB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 PSNR-example-comp-10.jpg 81 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 compressed_image.png 26 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 example_image.jpg 29 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 example_wikipedia_image.jpg 475 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 original_image.png 78 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 795 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/compression/index.md b/python-mega-algo/compression/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e3dc408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/compression/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# compression
+
+.. — — image_data — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 burrows_wheeler.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 huffman.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lempel_ziv.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lempel_ziv_decompress.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 peak_signal_to_noise_ratio.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 750 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/computer_vision/index.md b/python-mega-algo/computer_vision/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f31f75e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/computer_vision/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# computer_vision
+
+.. — — README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 759 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 harriscorner.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 meanthreshold.py 734 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 626 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/conversions/index.md b/python-mega-algo/conversions/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed280f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/conversions/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+conversions
+===========
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_to_decimal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_to_octal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decimal_to_any.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decimal_to_binary.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decimal_to_binary_recursion.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decimal_to_hexadecimal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decimal_to_octal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hex_to_bin.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hexadecimal_to_decimal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 molecular_chemistry.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 octal_to_decimal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prefix_conversions.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rgb_hsv_conversion.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 roman_numerals.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 temperature_conversions.py 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 weight_conversion.py 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/binary_tree/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/binary_tree/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52289a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/binary_tree/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# binary_tree
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 avl_tree.py 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 basic_binary_tree.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_search_tree.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_search_tree_recursive.py 16 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_tree_mirror.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_tree_traversals.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fenwick_tree.py 734 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lazy_segment_tree.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lowest_common_ancestor.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 merge_two_binary_trees.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 non_recursive_segment_tree.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 number_of_possible_binary_trees.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 red_black_tree.py 23 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 segment_tree.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 segment_tree_other.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 treap.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/disjoint_set/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/disjoint_set/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2245fe63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/disjoint_set/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# disjoint_set
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 alternate_disjoint_set.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 disjoint_set.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 505 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/hashing/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/hashing/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c035cb7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/hashing/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# hashing
+
+.. — — number_theory — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 double_hash.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hash_table.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hash_table_with_linked_list.py 848 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 quadratic_probing.py 743 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 707 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/hashing/number_theory/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/hashing/number_theory/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7a1b4e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/hashing/number_theory/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# number_theory
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prime_numbers.py 678 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 446 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/heap/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/heap/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f804d59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/heap/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# heap
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binomial_heap.py 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 heap.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 heap_generic.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_heap.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 min_heap.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 randomized_heap.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 756 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 skew_heap.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..859f68b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# data_structures
+
+.. — — binary_tree — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 disjoint_set — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 hashing — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 heap — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 linked_list — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 queue — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 stacks — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 trie — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 651 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/linked_list/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/linked_list/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3170e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/linked_list/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# linked_list
+
+.. — — __init__.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 circular_linked_list.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 deque_doubly.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 doubly_linked_list.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 doubly_linked_list_two.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 from_sequence.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 has_loop.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 is_palindrome.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 merge_two_lists.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 middle_element_of_linked_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 print_reverse.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 singly_linked_list.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 skip_list.py 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 swap_nodes.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/queue/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/queue/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c6a9b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/queue/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# queue
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 circular_queue.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 double_ended_queue.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linked_queue.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 priority_queue_using_list.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:20 2021 queue_on_list.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 queue_on_pseudo_stack.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 782 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/stacks/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/stacks/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c8aeac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/stacks/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# stacks
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 balanced_parentheses.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dijkstras_two_stack_algorithm.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 evaluate_postfix_notations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 infix_to_postfix_conversion.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 infix_to_prefix_conversion.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linked_stack.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 next_greater_element.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 postfix_evaluation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prefix_evaluation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 stack.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 stack_using_dll.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 stock_span_problem.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/data_structures/trie/index.md b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/trie/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d667d9dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/data_structures/trie/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# trie
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 trie.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/dithering/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/dithering/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..caad9e3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/dithering/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+dithering
+=========
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 burkes.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 433 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/edge_detection/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/edge_detection/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20c37842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/edge_detection/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+edge\_detection
+===============
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 canny.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 431 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/filters/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/filters/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..978b72de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/filters/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+filters
+=======
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bilateral_filter.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 convolve.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gaussian_filter.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 median_filter.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 698 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sobel_filter.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/image_data/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/image_data/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2356b9e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/image_data/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+image\_data
+===========
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 input.jpg 54 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 434 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d91e6fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+histogram\_equalization
+=======================
+
+.. — — image_data — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 output_data — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 histogram_stretch.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 529 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/output_data/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/output_data/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9016baf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/histogram_equalization/output_data/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+output\_data
+============
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 output.jpg 100 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 437 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/image_data/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/image_data/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1b71385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/image_data/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+image\_data
+===========
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lena.jpg 95 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lena_small.jpg 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 478 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30dcbf94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+digital\_image\_processing
+==========================
+
+.. — — dithering — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 edge_detection — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 filters — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 histogram_equalization — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 image_data — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 resize — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 rotation — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 change_brightness.py 751 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 change_contrast.py 804 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 convert_to_negative.py 737 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 index_calculation.py 19 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sepia.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_digital_image_processing.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/resize/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/resize/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69693cb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/resize/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+resize
+======
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 resize.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 433 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/rotation/index.md b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/rotation/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e55412e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/digital_image_processing/rotation/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+rotation
+========
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 437 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rotation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/divide_and_conquer/index.md b/python-mega-algo/divide_and_conquer/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d05935d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/divide_and_conquer/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+divide\_and\_conquer
+====================
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 closest_pair_of_points.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 convex_hull.py 15 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 heaps_algorithm.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 heaps_algorithm_iterative.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 inversions.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 kth_order_statistic.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_difference_pair.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_subarray_sum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 mergesort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 peak.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 power.py 686 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 strassen_matrix_multiplication.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/dynamic_programming/index.md b/python-mega-algo/dynamic_programming/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f85c57db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/dynamic_programming/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# dynamic_programming
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 abbreviation.py 935 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bitmask.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 climbing_stairs.py 955 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 edit_distance.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 factorial.py 585 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fast_fibonacci.py 864 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fibonacci.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 floyd_warshall.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fractional_knapsack.py 582 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fractional_knapsack_2.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 integer_partition.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 iterating_through_submasks.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 k_means_clustering_tensorflow.py_tf 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 knapsack.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 longest_common_subsequence.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 longest_increasing_subsequence.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 longest_increasing_subsequence_o(nlogn).py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 longest_sub_array.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 matrix_chain_order.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_non_adjacent_sum.py 886 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_sub_array.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_sum_contiguous_subsequence.py 443 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_coin_change.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_cost_path.py 936 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_partition.py 654 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_steps_to_one.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 optimal_binary_search_tree.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rod_cutting.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 subset_generation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sum_of_subset.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/electronics/index.md b/python-mega-algo/electronics/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c36f4d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/electronics/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# electronics
+
+.. — — electric_power.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 ohms_law.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 436 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/file_transfer/index.md b/python-mega-algo/file_transfer/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b980f391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/file_transfer/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+file\_transfer
+==============
+
+.. — — tests — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 mytext.txt 67 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 receive_file.py 656 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 550 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 send_file.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/file_transfer/tests/index.md b/python-mega-algo/file_transfer/tests/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39288ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/file_transfer/tests/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+tests
+=====
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 449 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_send_file.py 1013 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/fractals/index.md b/python-mega-algo/fractals/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f047a9bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/fractals/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+fractals
+========
+
+.. — — koch_snowflake.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 mandelbrot.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 498 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sierpinski_triangle.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/fuzzy_logic/index.md b/python-mega-algo/fuzzy_logic/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..977e63d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/fuzzy_logic/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# fuzzy_logic
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fuzzy_operations.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 452 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/genetic_algorithm/index.md b/python-mega-algo/genetic_algorithm/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5adef315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/genetic_algorithm/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# genetic_algorithm
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 basic_string.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 445 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/geodesy/index.md b/python-mega-algo/geodesy/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..edbd0f8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/geodesy/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+geodesy
+=======
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 haversine_distance.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lamberts_ellipsoidal_distance.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 521 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/graphics/index.md b/python-mega-algo/graphics/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16bcfd91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/graphics/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# graphics
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bezier_curve.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 507 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 vector3_for_2d_rendering.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/graphs/index.md b/python-mega-algo/graphs/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8597c684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/graphs/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+graphs
+======
+
+.. — — tests — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 a_star.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 articulation_points.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 basic_graphs.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bellman_ford.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bfs_shortest_path.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bfs_zero_one_shortest_path.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bidirectional_a_star.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bidirectional_breadth_first_search.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 breadth_first_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 breadth_first_search_2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 breadth_first_search_shortest_path.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 check_bipartite_graph_bfs.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 check_bipartite_graph_dfs.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 connected_components.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 depth_first_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 depth_first_search_2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dijkstra.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dijkstra_2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dijkstra_algorithm.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dinic.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 directed_and_undirected_(weighted)_graph.py 15 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 edmonds_karp_multiple_source_and_sink.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 even_tree.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 finding_bridges.py 976 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 frequent_pattern_graph_miner.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 g_topological_sort.py 946 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gale_shapley_bigraph.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 graph_list.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 graph_matrix.py 482 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 graphs_floyd_warshall.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 greedy_best_first.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 kahns_algorithm_long.py 806 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 kahns_algorithm_topo.py 819 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 karger.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 markov_chain.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_spanning_tree_boruvka.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_spanning_tree_kruskal.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_spanning_tree_kruskal2.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_spanning_tree_prims.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_spanning_tree_prims2.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 multi_heuristic_astar.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 page_rank.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prim.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 scc_kosaraju.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 strongly_connected_components.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 tarjans_scc.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/graphs/tests/index.md b/python-mega-algo/graphs/tests/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c8b8d89
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+++ b/python-mega-algo/graphs/tests/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+tests
+=====
+
+.. — — right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 479 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_min_spanning_tree_kruskal.py 693 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_min_spanning_tree_prim.py 1003 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/hashes/index.md b/python-mega-algo/hashes/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be51b0c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/hashes/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# hashes
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 adler32.py 786 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 chaos_machine.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 djb2.py 871 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 enigma_machine.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hamming_code.py 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 md5.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 820 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sdbm.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sha1.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/index.md b/python-mega-algo/index.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/python-mega-algo/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# python-mega-algo
+
+.. — — arithmetic_analysis — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 backtracking — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 bit_manipulation — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 blockchain — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 boolean_algebra — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 cellular_automata — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 ciphers — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 compression — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 computer_vision — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 conversions — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 data_structures — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 digital_image_processing — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 divide_and_conquer — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 dynamic_programming — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 electronics — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 file_transfer — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 fractals — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 fuzzy_logic — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 genetic_algorithm — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 geodesy — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 graphics — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 graphs — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 hashes — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 knapsack — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 linear_algebra — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 machine_learning — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 maths — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 matrix — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 networking_flow — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 neural_network — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 other — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 physics — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 project_euler — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 quantum — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 scheduling — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 scripts — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 searches — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 sorts — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 strings — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 web_programming — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 .coveragerc 40 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .gitattributes 12 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .gitignore 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 .gitpod.yml 52 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.html 143 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 78 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 mypy.ini 226 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pytest.ini 120 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 requirements.txt 160 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/knapsack/index.md b/python-mega-algo/knapsack/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d78d5f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/knapsack/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# knapsack
+
+.. — — tests — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 greedy_knapsack.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 knapsack.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 649 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/knapsack/tests/index.md b/python-mega-algo/knapsack/tests/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19e0bb0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/knapsack/tests/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# tests
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 505 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_greedy_knapsack.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_knapsack.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/linear_algebra/index.md b/python-mega-algo/linear_algebra/index.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/python-mega-algo/linear_algebra/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+linear\_algebra
+===============
+
+.. — — src — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 495 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/linear_algebra/src/index.md b/python-mega-algo/linear_algebra/src/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d6e4d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/linear_algebra/src/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+src
+===
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 conjugate_gradient.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lib.py 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 polynom_for_points.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 power_iteration.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rayleigh_quotient.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 819 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_linear_algebra.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 transformations_2d.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/forecasting/index.md b/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/forecasting/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8a067df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/forecasting/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# forecasting
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 ex_data.csv 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 466 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 run.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/index.md b/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf2d1bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# machine_learning
+
+.. — — forecasting — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 lstm — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 astar.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 data_transformations.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decision_tree.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gaussian_naive_bayes.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gradient_boosting_regressor.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gradient_descent.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 k_means_clust.py 12 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 k_nearest_neighbours.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 knn_sklearn.py 699 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linear_discriminant_analysis.py 16 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linear_regression.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 logistic_regression.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 multilayer_perceptron_classifier.py 459 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 polymonial_regression.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 random_forest_classifier.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 random_forest_regressor.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 scoring_functions.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sequential_minimum_optimization.py 19 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 similarity_search.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 support_vector_machines.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 word_frequency_functions.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/lstm/index.md b/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/lstm/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e7110d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/machine_learning/lstm/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# lstm
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lstm_prediction.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 499 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sample_data.csv 69 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/maths/images/index.md b/python-mega-algo/maths/images/index.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/python-mega-algo/maths/images/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+images
+======
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gaussian.png 38 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 440 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/maths/index.md b/python-mega-algo/maths/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6feadee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/maths/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# maths
+
+.. — — images — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 series — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 3n_plus_1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 abs.py 464 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 abs_max.py 537 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 abs_min.py 329 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 add.py 220 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 aliquot_sum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 allocation_number.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 area.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 area_under_curve.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 armstrong_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 average_mean.py 503 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 average_median.py 581 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 average_mode.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bailey_borwein_plouffe.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 basic_maths.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_exp_mod.py 661 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_exponentiation.py 600 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_exponentiation_2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_exponentiation_3.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binomial_coefficient.py 438 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binomial_distribution.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bisection.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 ceil.py 478 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 chudnovsky_algorithm.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 collatz_sequence.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 combinations.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 decimal_isolate.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 entropy.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euclidean_distance.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euclidean_gcd.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 euler_method.py 898 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 eulers_totient.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 extended_euclidean_algorithm.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 factorial_iterative.py 875 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 factorial_python.py 837 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 factorial_recursive.py 816 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 factors.py 515 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fermat_little_theorem.py 817 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fibonacci.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fibonacci_sequence_recursion.py 591 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 find_max.py 413 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 find_max_recursion.py 790 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 find_min.py 518 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 find_min_recursion.py 789 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 floor.py 476 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gamma.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gaussian.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 greatest_common_divisor.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 greedy_coin_change.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hardy_ramanujanalgo.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 integration_by_simpson_approx.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 is_square_free.py 908 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 jaccard_similarity.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 kadanes.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 karatsuba.py 675 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 krishnamurthy_number.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 kth_lexicographic_permutation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 largest_of_very_large_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 largest_subarray_sum.py 678 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 least_common_multiple.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 line_length.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lucas_lehmer_primality_test.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lucas_series.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 matrix_exponentiation.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 max_sum_sliding_window.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 median_of_two_arrays.py 978 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 miller_rabin.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 mobius_function.py 934 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 modular_exponential.py 877 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 monte_carlo.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 monte_carlo_dice.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 newton_raphson.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 number_of_digits.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 numerical_integration.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 perfect_cube.py 308 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 perfect_number.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 perfect_square.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pi_monte_carlo_estimation.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 polynomial_evaluation.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 power_using_recursion.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prime_check.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prime_factors.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prime_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prime_sieve_eratosthenes.py 837 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 primelib.py 14 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pythagoras.py 752 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 qr_decomposition.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 quadratic_equations_complex_numbers.py 929 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 radians.py 596 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 radix2_fft.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 relu.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 10 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 runge_kutta.py 1014 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 segmented_sieve.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sieve_of_eratosthenes.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sigmoid.py 944 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 simpson_rule.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 softmax.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 square_root.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sum_of_arithmetic_series.py 482 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sum_of_digits.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sum_of_geometric_progression.py 911 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_prime_check.py 225 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 trapezoidal_rule.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 triplet_sum.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 two_pointer.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 two_sum.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 ugly_numbers.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 volume.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 zellers_congruence.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/maths/series/index.md b/python-mega-algo/maths/series/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e65d72aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/maths/series/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# series
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 arithmetic_mean.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 geometric_mean.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 geometric_series.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 harmonic_series.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 p_series.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 706 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/matrix/index.md b/python-mega-algo/matrix/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0f46568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/matrix/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# matrix
+
+.. — — tests — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 count_islands_in_matrix.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 inverse_of_matrix.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 matrix_class.py 10 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 matrix_operation.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:21 2021 nth_fibonacci_using_matrix_exponentiation.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rotate_matrix.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 searching_in_sorted_matrix.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sherman_morrison.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 spiral_print.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/matrix/tests/index.md b/python-mega-algo/matrix/tests/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..434f2624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/matrix/tests/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# tests
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pytest.ini 60 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 494 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_matrix_operation.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/networking_flow/index.md b/python-mega-algo/networking_flow/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7054946
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+++ b/python-mega-algo/networking_flow/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+networking\_flow
+================
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 ford_fulkerson.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 minimum_cut.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 494 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/neural_network/index.md b/python-mega-algo/neural_network/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78edde3a
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+++ b/python-mega-algo/neural_network/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# neural_network
+
+.. — — 2_hidden_layers_neural_network.py 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 back_propagation_neural_network.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 convolution_neural_network.py 13 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gan.py_tf 15 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 input_data.py_tf 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 perceptron.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 785 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/other/index.md b/python-mega-algo/other/index.md
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/other/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# other
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 activity_selection.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 davis–putnam–logemann–loveland.py 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dijkstra_bankers_algorithm.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 doomsday.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fischer_yates_shuffle.py 654 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gauss_easter.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 graham_scan.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 greedy.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 least_recently_used.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lfu_cache.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linear_congruential_generator.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lru_cache.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 magicdiamondpattern.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 nested_brackets.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 password_generator.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 scoring_algorithm.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sdes.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 tower_of_hanoi.py 682 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/physics/index.md b/python-mega-algo/physics/index.md
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/python-mega-algo/physics/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# physics
+
+.. — — n_body_simulation.py 11 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 402 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1e7c7fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# project_euler
+
+.. — — problem_001 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_002 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_003 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_004 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_005 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_006 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_007 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_008 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_009 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_010 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_011 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_012 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_013 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_014 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_015 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_016 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_017 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_018 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_019 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_020 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_021 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_022 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_023 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_024 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_025 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_026 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_027 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_028 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_029 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_030 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_031 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_032 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_033 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_034 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_035 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_036 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_037 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_038 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_039 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_040 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_041 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_042 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_043 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_044 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_045 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_046 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_047 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_048 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_049 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_050 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_051 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_052 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_053 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_054 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_055 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_056 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_057 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_058 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_059 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_062 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_063 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_064 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_065 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_067 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_069 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_070 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_071 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_072 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_074 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_075 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_076 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_077 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_080 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_081 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_085 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_086 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_087 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_089 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_091 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_097 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_099 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_101 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_102 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_107 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_109 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_112 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_113 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_119 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_120 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_121 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_123 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_125 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_129 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_135 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_173 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_174 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_180 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_188 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_191 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_203 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_206 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_207 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_234 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_301 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 problem_551 — Mon Jul 26 22:37:18 2021 README.html 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_001/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_001/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb2b8905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_001/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_001
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 673 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 661 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 851 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol4.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol5.py 697 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol6.py 751 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol7.py 717 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_002/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_002/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24f1a9fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_002/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_002
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 611 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 960 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 978 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 980 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol4.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol5.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_003/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_003/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c433e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_003/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_003
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_004/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_004/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ace961c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_004/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_004
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1002 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_005/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_005/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89dc3be6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_005/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_005
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_006/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_006/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d81b1f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_006/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_006
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 580 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1021 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol4.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_007/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_007/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2fcc777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_007/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_007
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_008/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_008/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f2b7dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_008/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_008
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_009/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_009/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2ab80b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_009/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_009
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 943 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_010/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_010/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e2a8c90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_010/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_010
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_011/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_011/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d4f8421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_011/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_011
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 grid.txt 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 493 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_012/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_012/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b2e6ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_012/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_012
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_013/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_013/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc279501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_013/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_013
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 num.txt 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 558 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_014/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_014/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78d147a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_014/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_014
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_015/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_015/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d16d5cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_015/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_015
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_016/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_016/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1d79850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_016/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_016
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 779 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 569 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_017/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_017/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1db0a3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_017/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_017
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_018/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_018/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..596c57db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_018/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_018
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 478 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 solution.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 triangle.txt 360 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_019/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_019/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55a34364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_019/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_019
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_020/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_020/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17fcb901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_020/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_020
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 580 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 761 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 843 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol4.py 827 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_021/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_021/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3757a008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_021/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_021
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_022/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_022/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2bd9ba6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_022/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_022
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 p022_names.txt 45 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 506 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_023/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_023/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17a67548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_023/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_023
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_024/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_024/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b635fa98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_024/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_024
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 762 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_025/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_025/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07d25721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_025/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_025
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 491 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol3.py 1008 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_026/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_026/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ab1f478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_026/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_026
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_027/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_027/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..956fe94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_027/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_027
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_028/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_028/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b3a632e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_028/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_028
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_029/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_029/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7bc2e632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_029/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_029
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_030/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_030/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6901732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_030/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_030
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_031/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_031/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b9ccc45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_031/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_031
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_032/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_032/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..858a2b11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_032/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_032
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 431 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol32.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_033/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_033/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66d521b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_033/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_033
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_034/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_034/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be6ee55b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_034/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_034
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 892 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_035/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_035/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01341847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_035/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_035
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_036/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_036/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5035006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_036/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_036
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_037/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_037/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc4ce85d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_037/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_037
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_038/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_038/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee81a140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_038/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_038
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_039/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_039/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8cc3c38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_039/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_039
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_040/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_040/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b846d516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_040/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_040
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 874 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_041/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_041/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af2c6b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_041/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_041
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_042/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_042/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a70531b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_042/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_042
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 477 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 solution42.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 words.txt 15 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_043/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_043/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..353bb31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_043/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_043
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_044/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_044/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bfb4dd0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_044/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_044
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_045/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_045/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f2cf17d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_045/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_045
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_046/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_046/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e85a29f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_046/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_046
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_047/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_047/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdd21596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_047/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_047
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_048/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_048/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b81979b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_048/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_048
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 463 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_049/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_049/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30cf51f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_049/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_049
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_050/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_050/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba1a1789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_050/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_050
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_051/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_051/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35bf4ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_051/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_051
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_052/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_052/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27c2c528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_052/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_052
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 802 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_053/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_053/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0277937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_053/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_053
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 967 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_054/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_054/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9655ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_054/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_054
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 poker_hands.txt 29 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 530 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 13 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_poker_hand.py 7 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_055/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_055/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0b0bcad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_055/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_055
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_056/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_056/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99418f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_056/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_056
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_057/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_057/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7c8ad3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_057/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_057
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_058/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_058/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25a5ed75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_058/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_058
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_059/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_059/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70661ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_059/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_059
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 p059_cipher.txt 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 523 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_cipher.txt 96 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_062/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_062/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ebf83abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_062/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_062
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_063/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_063/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1532850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_063/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_063
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 877 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_064/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_064/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7d8d1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_064/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_064
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_065/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_065/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63ac891f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_065/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_065
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_067/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_067/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19054cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_067/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_067
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 471 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 triangle.txt 14 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_069/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_069/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5dc6d7ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_069/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_069
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_070/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_070/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdf79d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_070/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_070
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_071/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_071/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac8d1ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_071/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_071
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_072/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_072/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86986f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_072/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_072
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol2.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_074/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_074/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4167b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_074/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_074
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 460 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:22 2021 sol2.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_075/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_075/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2c795e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_075/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_075
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_076/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_076/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ee1057e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_076/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_076
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_077/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_077/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34f1a455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_077/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_077
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_080/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_080/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccdc302c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_080/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_080
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_081/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_081/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0f8a269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_081/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_081
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 matrix.txt 30 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 467 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_085/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_085/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..974f0066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_085/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_085
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_086/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_086/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7d448a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_086/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_086
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_087/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_087/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ecc80186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_087/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_087
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_089/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_089/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08aabd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_089/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_089
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 numeralcleanup_test.txt 28 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 p089_roman.txt 9 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 533 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_091/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_091/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..638e163f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_091/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_091
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_097/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_097/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4aa5e98d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_097/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_097
+
+.. — — __init__.py 2 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_099/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_099/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f0726f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_099/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_099
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 base_exp.txt 13 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 471 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1000 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_101/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_101/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..247e34ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_101/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_101
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_102/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_102/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f5d7e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_102/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_102
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 p102_triangles.txt 25 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 536 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_triangles.txt 55 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_107/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_107/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e2d30c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_107/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_107
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 p107_network.txt 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 527 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 test_network.txt 122 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_109/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_109/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f1fa562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_109/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_109
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_112/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_112/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca7c3069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_112/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_112
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_113/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_113/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08978f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_113/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_113
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_119/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_119/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a49c00f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_119/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_119
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_120/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_120/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..96693c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_120/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_120
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 428 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 826 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_121/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_121/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09d261cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_121/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_121
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_123/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_123/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3ce3cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_123/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_123
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_125/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_125/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..681a7d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_125/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_125
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_129/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_129/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff93d319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_129/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_129
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_135/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_135/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b78df6a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_135/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_135
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_173/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_173/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d277c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_173/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_173
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_174/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_174/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6ec714d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_174/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_174
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_180/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_180/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2cb5fe31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_180/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_180
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_188/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_188/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2875c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_188/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_188
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_191/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_191/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1eed3f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_191/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_191
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_203/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_203/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f5a96d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_203/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_203
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_206/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_206/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ca0eebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_206/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_206
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_207/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_207/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97ec257d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_207/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_207
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_234/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_234/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4224a118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_234/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_234
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_301/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_301/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c39a07ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_301/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_301
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_551/index.md b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_551/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..395f2a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/project_euler/problem_551/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# problem_551
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 429 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sol1.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/quantum/index.md b/python-mega-algo/quantum/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dce31eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/quantum/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+quantum
+=======
+
+.. — — README.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 README.md 705 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 deutsch_jozsa.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 half_adder.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 not_gate.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 quantum_entanglement.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 893 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 ripple_adder_classic.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 single_qubit_measure.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/scheduling/index.md b/python-mega-algo/scheduling/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e2560fe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/scheduling/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# scheduling
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 first_come_first_served.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 561 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 round_robin.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 shortest_job_first.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/scripts/index.md b/python-mega-algo/scripts/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1560598e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/scripts/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+scripts
+=======
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 build_directory_md.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 project_euler_answers.json 54 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 686 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 validate_filenames.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 validate_solutions.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/searches/index.md b/python-mega-algo/searches/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eebc6aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/searches/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# searches
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_search.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 binary_tree_traversal.py 8 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 double_linear_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 double_linear_search_recursion.py 911 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 fibonacci_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 hill_climbing.py 6 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 interpolation_search.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 jump_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 linear_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 quick_select.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 sentinel_linear_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 simple_binary_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 simulated_annealing.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 tabu_search.py 10 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 tabu_test_data.txt 70 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 ternary_search.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/sorts/index.md b/python-mega-algo/sorts/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..430428c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/sorts/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# sorts
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bead_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bitonic_sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bogo_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bubble_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 bucket_sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 cocktail_shaker_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 comb_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 counting_sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 cycle_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 double_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 external_sort.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 gnome_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 heap_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 insertion_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 intro_sort.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 iterative_merge_sort.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 merge_insertion_sort.py 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 merge_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 msd_radix_sort.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 natural_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 normal_distribution_quick_sort.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 normal_distribution_quick_sort.md 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 odd_even_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 odd_even_transposition_parallel.py 4 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 odd_even_transposition_single_threaded.py 888 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pancake_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 patience_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pigeon_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 pigeonhole_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 quick_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 quick_sort_3_partition.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 radix_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 random_normal_distribution_quicksort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 random_pivot_quick_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 recursive_bubble_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 recursive_insertion_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 recursive_mergesort_array.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 recursive_quick_sort.py 486 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 5 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 selection_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 shell_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 slowsort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 stooge_sort.py 935 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 strand_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 tim_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 topological_sort.py 999 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 tree_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 unknown_sort.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 wiggle_sort.py 929 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/strings/index.md b/python-mega-algo/strings/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd3d8db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python-mega-algo/strings/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# strings
+
+.. — — __init__.py 0 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 aho_corasick.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 anagrams.py 868 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 autocomplete_using_trie.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 boyer_moore_search.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 can_string_be_rearranged_as_palindrome.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:35:22 2021 capitalize.py 679 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 check_anagrams.py 939 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 check_pangram.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 detecting_english_programmatically.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 dictionary.txt 399 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 frequency_finder.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 is_palindrome.py 902 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 jaro_winkler.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 knuth_morris_pratt.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 levenshtein_distance.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 lower.py 628 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 manacher.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 min_cost_string_conversion.py 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 naive_string_search.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 palindrome.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 prefix_function.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 rabin_karp.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 remove_duplicate.py 434 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 reverse_letters.py 604 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 reverse_words.py 342 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.html 3 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 right.md 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 split.py 866 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 swap_case.py 895 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 upper.py 598 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 word_occurrence.py 843 bytes Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 word_patterns.py 1 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 words.txt 2 MB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021 z_function.py 2 KB Mon Jul 26 22:29:10 2021
diff --git a/python-mega-algo/web_programming/index.md b/python-mega-algo/web_programming/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e67bc4d1
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