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J/ApJS/(vol)/(page) Properties of [WR] planetary nebulae (Danehkar, 2021)
================================================================================
Physical and chemical properties of Wolf-Rayet planetary nebulae
Danehkar A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl., (vol), (page) (2021)>
=2021ApJS..VVV.ppppD (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
================================================================================
ADC_Keywords: Planetary nebulae ; Spectroscopy ; Abundances
Keywords: planetary nebulae: general; ISM: abundances; stars: Wolf-Rayet
Abstract:
Wolf-Rayet ([WR]) and weak emission-line (wels) central stars of
planetary nebulae (PNe) have hydrogen-deficient atmospheres, whose
origins are not well understood. In the present study, we have conducted
plasma diagnostics and abundance analyses of 18 Galactic PNe surrounding
[WR] and wels nuclei, using collisionally excited lines (CELs) and
optical recombination lines (ORLs) measured with the Wide Field
Spectrograph on the ANU 2.3-m telescope at the Siding Spring Observatory
complemented with optical archival data. Our plasma diagnostics imply
that the electron densities and temperatures derived from CELs are
correlated with the intrinsic nebular H-beta surface brightness and
excitation class, respectively. Self-consistent plasma diagnostics of
heavy element ORLs of N^2+ and O^2+ suggest that a small fraction of
cool (~< 7000 K), dense (~ 10^4-10^5 cm^-3) materials may be present
in some objects, though with large uncertainties. Our abundance analyses
indicate that the abundance discrepancy factors (ADF=ORLs/CELs)
of O^2+ are correlated with the dichotomies between forbidden-line and
He I temperatures. Our results likely point to the presence of a tiny
fraction of cool, oxygen-rich dense clumps within the diffuse warm ionized
nebulae. Moreover, our elemental abundances derived from CELs are mostly
consistent with AGB models in the range of initial masses from 1.5 to
5 M_sun. Further studies are necessary to understand better the origins
of abundance discrepancies in PNe around [WR] and wels stars.
Description:
Table 4 lists observed and dereddened line fluxes on a scale relative
to Hb, where Hb = 100.
Table 6 presents electron temperatures and densities derived from CELs.
Table 7 presents electron temperatures derived from He I lines.
Table 8 presents electron temperatures and densities derived from ORLs.
Table 11 presents ionic abundances relative to hydrogen derived from CELs.
Table 12 presents ionic abundances relative to hydrogen derived from ORLs.
Table 13 presents mean ionic and total elemental abundances
derived from ORLs and CELs.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4_line_list.dat 159 20 Observed and dereddened line fluxes
table6_diagnostic_cel.dat 118 20 Temperatures and densities from CELs
table7_diagnostic_hei.dat 118 12 Temperatures from He I lines
table8_diagnostic_orl.dat 163 14 Temperatures and densities from ORLs
table11_abundance_cel.dat 104 20 Ionic abundances derived from CELs
table12_abundance_orl.dat 104 17 Ionic abundances derived from ORLs
table13_abundance_tot.dat 96 20 Mean ionic and total abundances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
V/84 : Strasbourg-ESO Cat of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Acker+ 1992)
V/127A : MASH Catalogues of Planetary Nebulae (Parker+ 2006-2008)
J/A+A/280/581 : Chemical abundances of PNe (Pasquali+, 1993)
J/A+A/282/436 : Abundance gradients from disk PNs (Maciel+ 1994)
J/A+A/307/215 : Spectrophotometry of PNe (Cuisinier+, 1996)
J/A+AS/126/297 : PN abundances (Ratag+ 1997)
J/A+A/345/629 : Abundance gradients in planetary nebulae (Maciel+, 1999)
J/A+A/380/300 : Abundances of PN towards Galactic bulge (Escudero+, 2001)
J/A+A/423/199 : Chemical abundances of planetary nebulae (Costa+, 2004)
J/A+A/427/231 : Abundances in planetary nebulae (Gorny+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/349/793 : Galactic PNe abundances (Perinotto+, 2004)
J/A+A/463/265 : Chemical compositions of 48 WR planetary nebulae(Girard+ 2007)
J/A+A/494/591 : Abundances in planetary nebulae (Chiappini+, 2009)
J/A+A/500/1089 : Abundances in planetary nebulae (Gorny+, 2009)
J/PAZh/35/574 : He, C, N and O abundances in PNe (Milanova+, 2009)
J/ApJ/724/748 : Galactic anticenter PNe and oxygen abundance (Henry+, 2010)
J/ApJ/711/619 : {alpha}-element abundances in galactic PNe (Milingo+, 2010)
J/ApJ/714/1096 : Galactic planetary nebulae (Stanghellini+, 2010)
J/A+A/538/A54 : Spectroscopy of 12 [WC] planetary nebulae (Garcia-Rojas+ 2012)
J/A+A/567/A12 : Chemical abundances in Galactic PNe (Garcia-Hernandez+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4_line_list.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 32 A4 --- Ref Reference of Observed Flux
34- 41 F8.2 Angstrom Lam_lab Laboratory Wavelength [Angstrom]
43- 52 A10 --- Ion Ion
54- 61 F8.2 Angstrom Lam_obs Observed Wavelength [Angstrom]
63- 72 F10.3 --- F(lambda) Observed Flux (in units of F(Hb)=100)
74- 77 I4 % F_Er(%) Formal 1-sigma and noise of Observed Flux
79- 88 F10.3 --- I(lambda) Dereddened Intensity(in units of I(Hb)=100)
90- 94 I4 % I_Em(%) Lower 90% error of Dereddened Intensity
96- 100 I4 % I_Ep(%) Upper 90% error of Dereddened Intensity
102- 109 A8 --- Mult Multiplet (H: Balmer, V: ORLs, F: CELs)
111- 126 A16 --- Low_Term Lower Term of Transition
128- 143 A16 --- Up_Term Upper Term of Transition
145- 152 A8 --- g1 Statistical Weight of Lower Level
154- 161 A8 --- g2 Statistical Weight of Upper Level
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (*): The symbol '*' in Flux indicates that the listed line is blended with
the above listed line.
References are as follows:
D19 -- this paper;
D97 -- 1997MNRAS.292...86D;
G07 -- 2007A&A...463..265G;
G12 -- 2012A&A...538A..54G;
H97 -- 1997ApJ...487..304H;
K91 -- 1991PASP..103...67K;
K94 -- 1994MNRAS.271..257K;
K03 -- 2003PASP..115...80K;
M02 -- 2002ApJS..138..279M;
P01 -- 2001A&A...367..983P, 1998A&A...337..866P;
W07 -- 2007MNRAS.381..669W.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6_diagnostic_cel.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 33 A5 --- Type Type (Te, Te_rc, Ne)
35- 44 A10 --- Ion Ion
46- 85 A40 --- Diagnos. Diagnostic Lines
87- 96 I10 --- Value Value (Te: Temperature or Ne: Density)
98- 107 I10 --- Value_Em Lower 90% error of Value
109- 118 I10 --- Value_Ep Upper 90% error of Value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (rc): The symbol ``rc'' indicates that the auroral lines are corrected for
recombination contribution.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7_diagnostic_hei.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 33 A5 --- Type Type (Te)
35- 44 A10 --- Ion Ion
46- 85 A40 --- Diagnos. Diagnostic Lines
87- 96 I10 --- Value Value (Te: Temperature)
98- 107 I10 --- Value_Em Lower 90% error of Value
109- 118 I10 --- Value_Ep Upper 90% error of Value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8_diagnostic_orl.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 33 A5 --- Type Type (Te)
35- 44 A10 --- Ion Ion
46- 130 A85 --- Diagnos. Diagnostic Lines
132- 141 I10 --- Value Value (Te: Temperature)
143- 152 I10 --- Value_Em Lower 90% error of Value
154- 163 I10 --- Value_Ep Upper 90% error of Value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11_abundance_cel.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 40 A12 --- Ion Ion
42- 51 A10 --- Line Line
53- 60 F8.2 Angstrom Lam_lab Laboratory Wavelength [Angstrom]
62- 65 4 --- Wght Weight used for Mean Abundance
67- 78 e12.5 --- Abund Abundances relative to Hydrogen
80- 91 e12.5 --- Abund_Em Lower 90% error of Abundances
93- 104 e12.5 --- Abund_Ep Upper 90% error of Abundances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: For Sa 3-107, O+/H+ ionic abundance ratio estimated from
S^2+/S^+ = 4.892 (O^2+/O^+)^0.419 (see Sec. 4.1. in the paper).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12_abundance_orl.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 40 A12 --- Ion Ion
42- 51 A10 --- Line Line
53- 60 F8.2 Angstrom Lam_lab Laboratory Wavelength [Angstrom]
62- 65 I4 --- Wght Weight used for Mean Abundance
67- 78 e12.5 --- Abund Abundances relative to Hydrogen
80- 91 e12.5 --- Abund_Em Lower 90% error of Abundances
93- 104 e12.5 --- Abund_Ep Upper 90% error of Abundances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table13_abundance_tot.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 40 A12 --- Ion Ion (Mean ionic, total, icf)
42- 48 A7 --- Type Type (ORL, CEL)
50- 57 A8 --- icf_Ref References for icf formulas
59- 70 e12.5 --- Abund Abundances relative to Hydrogen
72- 83 e12.5 --- Abund_Em Lower 90% error of Abundances
85- 96 e12.5 --- Abund_Ep Upper 90% error of Abundances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: References for icf formulas are as follows:
DMS14 -- 2014MNRAS.440..536D;
ITL94 -- 1994ApJ...435..647I;
KB94 -- 1994MNRAS.271..257K;
L00 -- 2000MNRAS.312..585L;
WL07 -- 2007MNRAS.381..669W.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
================================================================================
(End) Ashkbiz Danehkar [Michigan, USA] 24-Aug-2021