From b560f3c03096a086b07c5e817dc0105b1fffcf9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stephen Chen <20940639+stephenctw@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 20:21:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] refactor(arbitration): split players into different Lua
 VMs

---
 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/Dockerfile |   2 +-
 .../offchain/blockchain/client.lua            |  15 +-
 .../offchain/blockchain/constants.lua         |  30 ++++
 .../offchain/blockchain/node.lua              |  56 ++----
 .../offchain/entrypoint.lua                   | 164 +++++++-----------
 .../offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua      |  26 +++
 .../offchain/player/honest_player.lua         |  23 +++
 .../honest_strategy.lua}                      |  42 +++--
 .../offchain/utils/color.lua                  | 133 ++++++++++++++
 .../offchain/utils/log.lua                    |  35 ++++
 .../offchain/utils/time.lua                   |   8 +
 11 files changed, 362 insertions(+), 172 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua
 create mode 100755 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
 create mode 100755 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
 rename onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/{player.lua => player/honest_strategy.lua} (87%)
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/color.lua
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/time.lua

diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/Dockerfile b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/Dockerfile
index a0974c1f..18487c52 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/Dockerfile
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/Dockerfile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 FROM cartesi/machine-emulator:main
 
 USER 0
-RUN apt-get -y update; apt-get -y install curl git
+RUN apt-get -y update; apt-get -y install curl git; apt-get install -y procps
 RUN curl -sSL https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/releases/download/nightly/foundry_nightly_linux_$(dpkg --print-architecture).tar.gz | \
     tar -zx -C /usr/local/bin
 
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
index 2db65552..5b33e8c8 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
@@ -142,11 +142,12 @@ end
 local Client = {}
 Client.__index = Client
 
-function Client:new(blockchain)
+function Client:new(account_index)
+    local blockchain_data = require "blockchain.constants"
+
     local client = {
-        endpoint = blockchain.endpoint,
-        account = blockchain:new_account(),
-        blockchain = blockchain,
+        endpoint = blockchain_data.endpoint,
+        pk = blockchain_data.pks[account_index],
     }
 
     setmetatable(client, self)
@@ -193,8 +194,6 @@ function Client:_read_logs(tournament_address, sig, topics, data_sig)
     end
 
     local ret = parse_logs(logs, data_sig)
-
-    self.blockchain:read_to("eth_getLogs")
     return ret
 end
 
@@ -234,7 +233,6 @@ function Client:_call(address, sig, args)
     end
     handle:close()
 
-    self.blockchain:read_to("eth_call")
     return ret
 end
 
@@ -348,7 +346,7 @@ function Client:_send_tx(tournament_address, sig, args)
 
     local cmd = string.format(
         cast_send_template,
-        self.account.pk,
+        self.pk,
         self.endpoint,
         tournament_address,
         sig,
@@ -364,7 +362,6 @@ function Client:_send_tx(tournament_address, sig, args)
         error(string.format("Send transaction `%s` reverted:\n%s", sig, ret))
     end
     handle:close()
-    self.blockchain:read_to("eth_sendRawTransaction")
 end
 
 function Client:tx_join_tournament(tournament_address, final_state, proof, left_child, right_child)
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75a96362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-- contains default 10 accounts of anvil test node, and deployed tournament contract address
+local constants = {
+    endpoint = "http://127.0.0.1:8545",
+    addresses = {
+        "0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266",
+        "0x70997970C51812dc3A010C7d01b50e0d17dc79C8",
+        "0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC",
+        "0x90F79bf6EB2c4f870365E785982E1f101E93b906",
+        "0x15d34AAf54267DB7D7c367839AAf71A00a2C6A65",
+        "0x9965507D1a55bcC2695C58ba16FB37d819B0A4dc",
+        "0x976EA74026E726554dB657fA54763abd0C3a0aa9",
+        "0x14dC79964da2C08b23698B3D3cc7Ca32193d9955",
+        "0x23618e81E3f5cdF7f54C3d65f7FBc0aBf5B21E8f",
+        "0xa0Ee7A142d267C1f36714E4a8F75612F20a79720",
+    },
+    pks = {
+        "0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80",
+        "0x59c6995e998f97a5a0044966f0945389dc9e86dae88c7a8412f4603b6b78690d",
+        "0x5de4111afa1a4b94908f83103eb1f1706367c2e68ca870fc3fb9a804cdab365a",
+        "0x7c852118294e51e653712a81e05800f419141751be58f605c371e15141b007a6",
+        "0x47e179ec197488593b187f80a00eb0da91f1b9d0b13f8733639f19c30a34926a",
+        "0x8b3a350cf5c34c9194ca85829a2df0ec3153be0318b5e2d3348e872092edffba",
+        "0x92db14e403b83dfe3df233f83dfa3a0d7096f21ca9b0d6d6b8d88b2b4ec1564e",
+        "0x4bbbf85ce3377467afe5d46f804f221813b2bb87f24d81f60f1fcdbf7cbf4356",
+        "0xdbda1821b80551c9d65939329250298aa3472ba22feea921c0cf5d620ea67b97",
+        "0x2a871d0798f97d79848a013d4936a73bf4cc922c825d33c1cf7073dff6d409c6",
+    },
+}
+
+return constants
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua
index 3ca56e13..93aaf98c 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ local function start_blockchain(account_num)
     account_num = account_num or default_account_number
     print(string.format("Starting blockchain with %d accounts...", account_num))
 
-    local cmd = string.format([[sh -c "echo $$ ; exec anvil --block-time 1 -a %d"]], account_num)
+    local cmd = string.format([[sh -c "echo $$ ; exec anvil --block-time 1 -a %d > anvil.log 2>&1"]], account_num)
 
     local reader = io.popen(cmd)
     assert(reader, "`popen` returned nil reader")
@@ -29,37 +29,9 @@ local function start_blockchain(account_num)
     return handle
 end
 
-local function capture_blockchain_data(reader, account_num)
-    account_num = account_num or default_account_number
-    local str
-
-    local addresses = {}
-    repeat
-        str = reader:read();
-        local _, _, address = str:find [[%(%d+%) ("0x%x+")]]
-        if address then
-            table.insert(addresses, address)
-        end
-    until str:find("Private Keys")
-    assert(#addresses == account_num)
-
-    local pks = {}
-    repeat
-        str = reader:read();
-        local _, _, pk = str:find("%(%d+%) (0x%x+)")
-        if pk then
-            table.insert(pks, pk)
-        end
-    until str:find("Wallet")
-    assert(#pks == account_num)
-
-    local endpoint
-    repeat
-        str = reader:read();
-        _, _, endpoint = str:find("Listening on ([%w%p]+)")
-    until endpoint
-
-    return { address = addresses, pk = pks }, endpoint
+local function capture_blockchain_data()
+    local blockchain_data = require "blockchain.constants"
+    return { address = blockchain_data.addresses, pk = blockchain_data.pks }, blockchain_data.endpoint
 end
 
 
@@ -78,7 +50,7 @@ local function deploy_contracts(endpoint, deployer, initial_hash)
 
     local _, _, sl_factory_address = handle_sl:read("*a"):find("Deployed to: (0x%x+)")
     assert(sl_factory_address, "deployment failed, factory_address is nil")
-    print("Single Level factory deployed at", sl_factory_address)
+    print("Single Level factory deployed at: " .. sl_factory_address)
     handle_sl:close()
 
     --
@@ -95,7 +67,7 @@ local function deploy_contracts(endpoint, deployer, initial_hash)
 
     local _, _, top_factory_address = handle_top:read("*a"):find("Deployed to: (0x%x+)")
     assert(top_factory_address, "deployment failed, factory_address is nil")
-    print("Top factory deployed at", top_factory_address)
+    print("Top factory deployed at: " .. top_factory_address)
     handle_top:close()
 
     --
@@ -112,7 +84,7 @@ local function deploy_contracts(endpoint, deployer, initial_hash)
 
     local _, _, mid_factory_address = handle_mid:read("*a"):find("Deployed to: (0x%x+)")
     assert(mid_factory_address, "deployment failed, factory_address is nil")
-    print("Middle factory deployed at", mid_factory_address)
+    print("Middle factory deployed at: " .. mid_factory_address)
     handle_mid:close()
 
     --
@@ -129,7 +101,7 @@ local function deploy_contracts(endpoint, deployer, initial_hash)
 
     local _, _, bot_factory_address = handle_bot:read("*a"):find("Deployed to: (0x%x+)")
     assert(bot_factory_address, "deployment failed, factory_address is nil")
-    print("Bottom factory deployed at", bot_factory_address)
+    print("Bottom factory deployed at: " .. bot_factory_address)
     handle_bot:close()
 
 
@@ -147,7 +119,7 @@ local function deploy_contracts(endpoint, deployer, initial_hash)
 
     local _, _, tournament_factory_address = handle_tournament:read("*a"):find("Deployed to: (0x%x+)")
     assert(tournament_factory_address, "deployment failed, factory_address is nil")
-    print("tournament factory deployed at", tournament_factory_address)
+    print("tournament factory deployed at: " .. tournament_factory_address)
     handle_tournament:close()
 
 
@@ -166,7 +138,7 @@ local function deploy_contracts(endpoint, deployer, initial_hash)
     local _, _, a = handle_root:read("*a"):find [["data":"0x000000000000000000000000(%x+)"]]
     local address = "0x" .. a
     assert(address, "deployment failed, address is nil")
-    print("Contract deployed at", address)
+    print("Contract deployed at: " .. address)
     handle_root:close()
 
     return address
@@ -179,12 +151,12 @@ function Blockchain:new(account_num)
     local blockchain = {}
 
     local handle = start_blockchain(account_num)
-    local accounts, endpoint = capture_blockchain_data(handle.reader, account_num)
+    local accounts, endpoint = capture_blockchain_data()
 
     blockchain._handle = handle
     blockchain._accounts = accounts
     blockchain._current_account = 1
-    blockchain.endpoint = "http://" .. endpoint
+    blockchain.endpoint = endpoint
 
     setmetatable(blockchain, self)
     return blockchain
@@ -211,10 +183,6 @@ function Blockchain:deploy_contract(initial_hash, deployer)
     return address, deployer
 end
 
-function Blockchain:read_to(p)
-    repeat until self._handle.reader:read():find(p)
-end
-
 -- local bc = Blockchain:new(100)
 -- local initial_hash = "0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470"
 -- bc:deploy_contract(initial_hash)
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
index 800cf3fc..6b220831 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
@@ -3,120 +3,86 @@ package.path = package.path .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.lua"
 package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
 package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
 
-print "Hello, world!"
-os.execute "cd offchain/program && ./gen_machine_simple.sh"
 local machine_path = "offchain/program/simple-program"
+local ps_template = [[ps %s | grep defunct | wc -l]]
+
+local log = require 'utils.log'
+local Blockchain = require "blockchain.node"
+local Machine = require "computation.machine"
 
--- local Machine = require "computation.machine"
--- Machine:get_logs(machine_path, 0, 0)
+local function is_zombie(pid)
+    local reader = io.popen(string.format(ps_template, pid))
+    ret = reader:read()
+    reader:close()
+    return tonumber(ret) == 1
+end
 
--- os.exit()
+local function stop_players(pid_reader)
+    for pid, reader in pairs(pid_reader) do
+        print(string.format("Stopping player with pid %s...", pid))
+        os.execute(string.format("kill -15 %s", pid))
+        reader:close()
+        print "Player stopped"
+    end
 
+end
 
-local Player = require "player"
-local Client = require "blockchain.client"
+print "Hello, world!"
+os.execute "cd offchain/program && ./gen_machine_simple.sh"
 
-local Machine = require "computation.machine"
 local m = Machine:new_from_path(machine_path)
 local initial_hash = m:state().root_hash
-
-local Blockchain = require "blockchain.node"
 local blockchain = Blockchain:new()
 local contract = blockchain:deploy_contract(initial_hash)
 
-
-local p1
-do
-    local CommitmentBuilder = require "computation.commitment"
-    local builder = CommitmentBuilder:new(machine_path)
-    local client = Client:new(blockchain)
-    p1 = Player:new(contract, client, builder, machine_path)
+-- add more player instances here
+local cmds = {
+    string.format([[sh -c "echo $$ ; exec ./offchain/player/honest_player.lua %d %s %s | tee honest.log"]], 1, contract, machine_path),
+    string.format([[sh -c "echo $$ ; exec ./offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua %d %s %s %s | tee dishonest.log"]], 2, contract, machine_path, initial_hash)
+}
+local pid_reader = {}
+local pid_player = {}
+
+for i, cmd in ipairs(cmds) do
+    local reader = io.popen(cmd)
+    local pid = reader:read()
+    pid_reader[pid] = reader
+    pid_player[pid] = i
 end
 
-local p2
-do
-    local FakeCommitmentBuilder = require "computation.fake_commitment"
-
-    -- m:run(m.start_cycle + 1)
-    -- local second_hash = m:state().root_hash
-    -- local builder = FakeCommitmentBuilder:new(initial_hash, second_hash)
-
-    local builder = FakeCommitmentBuilder:new(initial_hash)
-    local client = Client:new(blockchain)
-    p2 = Player:new(contract, client, builder, machine_path)
-end
+-- gracefully end children processes
+setmetatable(pid_reader, {
+    __gc = function(t)
+        stop_players(t)
+    end
+})
 
-local i = 0
+local no_active_players = 0
 while true do
-    print(string.format("\n\n### ROUND %d ###\n", i))
-
-    print "Player 1 react"
-    if p1:react() then break end
-
-    print ""
-
-    print "Player 2 react"
-    if p2:react() then break end
-
-    i = i + 1
+    local last_ts = [[01/01/2000 00:00:00]]
+    local players = 0
+
+    for pid, reader in pairs(pid_reader) do
+        players = players + 1
+        if is_zombie(pid) then
+            log.log(pid_player[pid], string.format("player process %s is dead", pid))
+            reader:close()
+            pid_reader[pid] = nil
+        else
+            last_ts = log.log_to_ts(reader, last_ts)
+        end
+    end
+
+    if players == 0 then
+        no_active_players = no_active_players + 1
+    else
+        no_active_players = 0
+    end
+
+    -- if no active player processes for 10 consecutive iterations, break loop
+    if no_active_players == 10 then break end
+
+    -- TODO: if all players are idle, advance anvil
 end
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--- os.execute "jsonrpc-remote-cartesi-machine --server-address=localhost:8080 &"
--- os.execute "sleep 2"
-
--- require "cryptography.merkle_builder"
--- require "computation.commitment"
--- require "computation.machine_test"
-
--- local Blockchain = require "blockchain.node"
-
--- local bc = Blockchain:new(100)
--- local initial_hash = "0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470"
--- bc:deploy_contract(initial_hash)
-
-
--- local utils = require "utils"
--- local cartesi = {}
--- cartesi.rpc = require"cartesi.grpc"
-
--- local remote = cartesi.rpc.stub("localhost:8080", "localhost:8081")
--- local v = assert(remote.get_version())
--- print(string.format("Connected: remote version is %d.%d.%d\n", v.major, v.minor, v.patch))
-
--- local machine = remote.machine("program/simple-program")
--- print("cycles", machine:read_mcycle(), machine:read_uarch_cycle())
--- machine:snapshot()
--- machine:snapshot()
-
--- print(utils.hex_from_bin(machine:get_root_hash()))
--- machine:run(1000)
--- print(machine:read_iflags_H(), utils.hex_from_bin(machine:get_root_hash()))
--- machine:rollback()
-
--- print(utils.hex_from_bin(machine:get_root_hash()))
--- machine:run(1000)
--- print(machine:read_iflags_H(), utils.hex_from_bin(machine:get_root_hash()))
--- machine:rollback()
-
--- print(utils.hex_from_bin(machine:get_root_hash()))
--- machine:run(1000)
--- print(machine:read_iflags_H(), utils.hex_from_bin(machine:get_root_hash()))
-
-
-
-
--- machine:read_mcycle()
-
-
-
 print "Good-bye, world!"
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..ca6bbab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/lua
+package.path = package.path .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.lua"
+package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
+package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
+
+local Player = require "player.honest_strategy"
+local Client = require "blockchain.client"
+local Hash = require "cryptography.hash"
+
+local time = require "utils.time"
+
+local player_index = tonumber(arg[1])
+local tournament = arg[2]
+local machine_path = arg[3]
+local initial_hash = Hash:from_digest_hex(arg[4])
+local p
+do
+    local FakeCommitmentBuilder = require "computation.fake_commitment"
+    local builder = FakeCommitmentBuilder:new(initial_hash)
+    p = Player:new(tournament, player_index, builder, machine_path)
+end
+
+while true do
+    if p:react() then break end
+    time.sleep(1)
+end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c9c592f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/lua
+package.path = package.path .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.lua"
+package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
+package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
+
+local Player = require "player.honest_strategy"
+
+local time = require "utils.time"
+
+local player_index = tonumber(arg[1])
+local tournament = arg[2]
+local machine_path = arg[3]
+local p
+do
+    local CommitmentBuilder = require "computation.commitment"
+    local builder = CommitmentBuilder:new(machine_path)
+    p = Player:new(tournament, player_index, builder, machine_path)
+end
+
+while true do
+    if p:react() then break end
+    time.sleep(1)
+end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
similarity index 87%
rename from onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player.lua
rename to onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
index 9963dd97..fe676b25 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 local constants = require "constants"
 local bint = require 'utils.bint' (256) -- use 256 bits integers
+local log = require 'utils.log'
+
 local Machine = require "computation.machine"
+local Client = require "blockchain.client"
 
 local Player = {}
 Player.__index = Player
 
-function Player:new(root_tournament_address, client, commitment_builder, machine_path)
+function Player:new(root_tournament_address, player_index, commitment_builder, machine_path)
     local player = {
         machine_path = machine_path,
         root_tournament = {
@@ -14,10 +17,11 @@ function Player:new(root_tournament_address, client, commitment_builder, machine
             level = constants.levels,
             parent = false,
         },
-        client = client,
+        client = Client:new(player_index),
         commitment_builder = commitment_builder,
         commitments = {},
-        called_win = {}
+        called_win = {},
+        player_index = player_index
     }
 
     setmetatable(player, self)
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@ end
 
 function Player:react()
     if self.has_lost then
-        return
+        return true
     end
     return self:_react_tournament(self.root_tournament)
 end
@@ -44,9 +48,9 @@ function Player:_react_tournament(tournament)
     if not tournament.parent then
         local winner_final_state = self.client:root_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
         if winner_final_state[1] == "true" then
-            print "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY"
-            print("Winner commitment: " .. winner_final_state[2]:hex_string())
-            print("Final state: " .. winner_final_state[3]:hex_string())
+            log.log(self.player_index, "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY")
+            log.log(self.player_index, "Winner commitment: " .. winner_final_state[2]:hex_string())
+            log.log(self.player_index, "Final state: " .. winner_final_state[3]:hex_string())
             return true
         end
     else
@@ -54,19 +58,19 @@ function Player:_react_tournament(tournament)
         if tournament_winner[1] == "true" then
             local old_commitment = self.commitments[tournament.parent.address]
             if tournament_winner[2] ~= old_commitment.root_hash then
-                print "player lost tournament"
+                log.log(self.player_index, "player lost tournament")
                 self.has_lost = true
                 return
             end
 
             if self.called_win[tournament.address] then
-                print "player already called winInnerMatch"
+                log.log(self.player_index, "player already called winInnerMatch")
                 return
             else
                 self.called_win[tournament.address] = true
             end
 
-            print(string.format(
+            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "win tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 tournament.address,
                 tournament.level,
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ end
 function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
     -- TODO call timeout if needed
 
-    print("HEIGHT", match.current_height)
+    log.log(self.player_index, "HEIGHT: " .. match.current_height)
     if match.current_height == 0 then
         -- match sealed
         if match.tournament.level == 1 then
@@ -102,11 +106,11 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
 
             if finished then
                 local delay = tonumber(self.client:maximum_delay(match.tournament.address)[1])
-                print("DELAY", delay - os.time())
+                log.log(self.player_index, "DELAY", delay - os.time())
                 return
             end
 
-            print(string.format(
+            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "Calculating access logs for step %s",
                 match.running_leaf
             ))
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
             local ucycle = (match.running_leaf & constants.uarch_span):touinteger()
             local logs = Machine:get_logs(self.machine_path, cycle, ucycle)
 
-            print(string.format(
+            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "win leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
                 logs
             )
             if not ok then
-                print(string.format(
+                log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                     "win leaf match reverted: %s",
                     e
                 ))
@@ -163,7 +167,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
         end
 
         if match.tournament.level == 1 then
-            print(string.format(
+            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "seal leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
@@ -179,7 +183,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
                 proof
             )
         else
-            print(string.format(
+            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "seal inner match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
@@ -226,7 +230,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
             assert(f)
         end
 
-        print(string.format(
+        log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
             "advance match with current height %d in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
             match.current_height,
             match.tournament.address,
@@ -280,7 +284,7 @@ function Player:_join_tournament_if_needed(tournament, commitment)
         assert(f)
         local last, proof = commitment:last()
 
-        print(string.format(
+        log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
             "join tournament %s of level %d with commitment %s",
             tournament.address,
             tournament.level,
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/color.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/color.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c188228c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/color.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+-- color.lua
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- A super-simple way to make colored text output in Lua.
+-- To use, simply print out things from this module, then print out some text.
+--
+-- Example:
+-- print(color.bg.green .. color.fg.RED .. "This is bright red on green")
+-- print(color.invert .. "This is inverted..." .. color.reset .. " And this isn't.")
+-- print(color.fg(0xDE) .. color.bg(0xEE) .. "You can use xterm-256 colors too!" .. color.reset)
+-- print("And also " .. color.bold .. "BOLD" .. color.normal .. " if you want.")
+-- print(color.bold .. color.fg.BLUE .. color.bg.blue .. "Miss your " .. color.fg.RED .. "C-64" .. color.fg.BLUE .. "?" .. color.reset)
+--
+-- You can see all these examples in action by calling color.test()
+--
+-- Can't pick a good color scheme? Look at a handy chart:
+-- print(color.chart())
+--
+-- If you want to add anything to this, check out the Wikipedia page on ANSI control codes:
+-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Copyright (C) 2012 Ross Andrews
+--
+-- This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+-- it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+-- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+-- (at your option) any later version.
+--
+-- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+-- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+-- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+-- GNU General Public License for more details.
+--
+-- You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+-- along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt>.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- A note about licensing:
+--
+-- The LGPL isn't really intended to be used with non-compiled libraries. The way
+-- I interpret derivative works of this library is this: if you don't modify this
+-- file, and the program it's embedded in doesn't modify the Lua table it defines,
+-- then you can distribute it with a program under any license. If you do either
+-- of those things, then you've created a derivative work of this library and you
+-- have to release the modifications you made under this same license.
+
+local color = { _NAME = "color" }
+local _M = color
+
+local esc = string.char(27, 91)
+
+local names = {'black', 'red', 'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'pink', 'cyan', 'white'}
+local hi_names = {'BLACK', 'RED', 'GREEN', 'YELLOW', 'BLUE', 'PINK', 'CYAN', 'WHITE'}
+
+color.fg, color.bg = {}, {}
+
+for i, name in ipairs(names) do
+   color.fg[name] = esc .. tostring(30+i-1) .. 'm'
+   _M[name] = color.fg[name]
+   color.bg[name] = esc .. tostring(40+i-1) .. 'm'
+end
+
+for i, name in ipairs(hi_names) do
+   color.fg[name] = esc .. tostring(90+i-1) .. 'm'
+   _M[name] = color.fg[name]
+   color.bg[name] = esc .. tostring(100+i-1) .. 'm'   
+end
+
+local function fg256(_,n)
+   return esc .. "38;5;" .. n .. 'm'   
+end
+
+local function bg256(_,n)
+   return esc .. "48;5;" .. n .. 'm'   
+end
+
+setmetatable(color.fg, {__call = fg256})
+setmetatable(color.bg, {__call = bg256})
+
+color.reset = esc .. '0m'
+color.clear = esc .. '2J'
+
+color.bold = esc .. '1m'
+color.faint = esc .. '2m'
+color.normal = esc .. '22m'
+color.invert = esc .. '7m'
+color.underline = esc .. '4m'
+
+color.hide = esc .. '?25l'
+color.show = esc .. '?25h'
+
+function color.move(x, y)
+   return esc .. y .. ';' .. x .. 'H'
+end
+
+color.home = color.move(1, 1)
+
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+function color.chart(ch,col)
+   local cols = '0123456789abcdef'
+
+   ch = ch or ' '
+   col = col or color.fg.black
+   local str = color.reset .. color.bg.WHITE .. col
+
+   for y = 0, 15 do
+      for x = 0, 15 do
+         local lbl = cols:sub(x+1, x+1)
+         if x == 0 then lbl = cols:sub(y+1, y+1) end
+
+         str = str .. color.bg.black .. color.fg.WHITE .. lbl
+         str = str .. color.bg(x+y*16) .. col .. ch
+      end
+      str = str .. color.reset .. "\n"
+   end
+   return str .. color.reset
+end
+
+function color.test()
+   print(color.reset .. color.bg.green .. color.fg.RED .. "This is bright red on green" .. color.reset)
+   print(color.invert .. "This is inverted..." .. color.reset .. " And this isn't.")
+   print(color.fg(0xDE) .. color.bg(0xEE) .. "You can use xterm-256 colors too!" .. color.reset)
+   print("And also " .. color.bold .. "BOLD" .. color.normal .. " if you want.")
+   print(color.bold .. color.fg.BLUE .. color.bg.blue .. "Miss your " .. color.fg.RED .. "C-64" .. color.fg.BLUE .. "?" .. color.reset)
+   print("Try printing " .. color.underline .. _M._NAME .. ".chart()" .. color.reset)
+end
+
+return color
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ed32ff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+local color = require "utils.color"
+
+local names = {'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'pink', 'cyan', 'white'}
+
+function log(player_index, msg)
+    local color_index = player_index % #names
+    local timestamp = os.date("%m/%d/%Y %X")
+    print(color.reset .. color.fg[names[color_index]] .. string.format("[#%d][%s] %s", player_index, timestamp, msg) .. color.reset)
+end
+
+function log_to_ts(reader, last_ts)
+    -- print everything hold in the buffer which has smaller timestamp
+    -- this is to synchronise when there're gaps in between the logs
+    while true do
+        local msg = reader:read()
+        if msg then
+            print(msg)
+
+            local ts_position = msg:find("%d%d/%d%d/%d%d%d%d %d%d:%d%d:%d%d")
+            if ts_position then
+                local timestamp = msg:sub(ts_position)
+                if timestamp > last_ts then
+                    last_ts = timestamp
+                    break
+                end
+            end
+        else
+            break
+        end
+    end
+
+    return last_ts
+end
+
+return { log = log, log_to_ts = log_to_ts }
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/time.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/time.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85e8b293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/time.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+local clock = os.clock
+
+function sleep(number_of_seconds)
+    local t0 = clock()
+    while clock() - t0 <= number_of_seconds do end
+end
+
+return {sleep = sleep}

From eeb6f4f1ecafe1a919606e8b81720c720c2b4b03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stephen Chen <20940639+stephenctw@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2023 19:39:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] feat(arbitration): improve lua prototype * Rename
 `utils.log` to `utils.helper` * Fastforward blockchain when all players idle

---
 .../offchain/blockchain/client.lua            | 21 +++++
 .../offchain/entrypoint.lua                   | 55 +++++------
 .../offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua       | 40 ++++----
 .../offchain/utils/helper.lua                 | 93 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../offchain/utils/log.lua                    | 35 -------
 5 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua
 delete mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua

diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
index 5b33e8c8..d20b13cb 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
@@ -426,6 +426,27 @@ function Client:tx_win_leaf_match(
     )
 end
 
+local cast_advance_template = [[
+cast rpc -r "%s" evm_increaseTime %d
+]]
+
+function Client:advance_time(seconds)
+    local cmd = string.format(
+        cast_advance_template,
+        self.endpoint,
+        seconds
+    )
+
+    local handle = io.popen(cmd)
+    assert(handle)
+    local ret = handle:read "*a"
+    handle:close()
+
+    if ret:find "Error" then
+        error(string.format("Advance time `%d`s failed:\n%s", seconds, ret))
+    end
+end
+
 return Client
 
 
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
index 6b220831..7cc0cf24 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
@@ -4,28 +4,11 @@ package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
 package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
 
 local machine_path = "offchain/program/simple-program"
-local ps_template = [[ps %s | grep defunct | wc -l]]
 
-local log = require 'utils.log'
+local helper = require 'utils.helper'
 local Blockchain = require "blockchain.node"
 local Machine = require "computation.machine"
-
-local function is_zombie(pid)
-    local reader = io.popen(string.format(ps_template, pid))
-    ret = reader:read()
-    reader:close()
-    return tonumber(ret) == 1
-end
-
-local function stop_players(pid_reader)
-    for pid, reader in pairs(pid_reader) do
-        print(string.format("Stopping player with pid %s...", pid))
-        os.execute(string.format("kill -15 %s", pid))
-        reader:close()
-        print "Player stopped"
-    end
-
-end
+local Client = require "blockchain.client"
 
 print "Hello, world!"
 os.execute "cd offchain/program && ./gen_machine_simple.sh"
@@ -53,23 +36,45 @@ end
 -- gracefully end children processes
 setmetatable(pid_reader, {
     __gc = function(t)
-        stop_players(t)
+        helper.stop_players(t)
     end
 })
 
 local no_active_players = 0
+local all_idle = 0
+local client = Client:new(1)
+local last_ts = [[01/01/2000 00:00:00]]
 while true do
-    local last_ts = [[01/01/2000 00:00:00]]
     local players = 0
 
     for pid, reader in pairs(pid_reader) do
+        local msg_out = 0
         players = players + 1
-        if is_zombie(pid) then
-            log.log(pid_player[pid], string.format("player process %s is dead", pid))
+        last_ts, msg_out = helper.log_to_ts(reader, last_ts)
+
+        -- close the reader and delete the reader entry when there's no more msg in the buffer
+        -- and the process has already ended
+        if msg_out == 0 and helper.is_zombie(pid) then
+            helper.log(pid_player[pid], string.format("player process %s is dead", pid))
             reader:close()
             pid_reader[pid] = nil
+            pid_player[pid] = nil
+        end
+    end
+
+    if players > 0 then
+        if helper.all_players_idle(pid_player) then
+            all_idle = all_idle + 1
+            helper.rm_all_players_idle(pid_player)
         else
-            last_ts = log.log_to_ts(reader, last_ts)
+            all_idle = 0
+        end
+
+        -- if all players are idle for 10 consecutive iterations, advance blockchain
+        if all_idle == 10 then
+            print("all players idle, fastforward blockchain for 30 seconds...")
+            client:advance_time(30)
+            all_idle = 0
         end
     end
 
@@ -81,8 +86,6 @@ while true do
 
     -- if no active player processes for 10 consecutive iterations, break loop
     if no_active_players == 10 then break end
-
-    -- TODO: if all players are idle, advance anvil
 end
 
 print "Good-bye, world!"
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
index fe676b25..965e4549 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 local constants = require "constants"
 local bint = require 'utils.bint' (256) -- use 256 bits integers
-local log = require 'utils.log'
+local helper = require 'utils.helper'
 
 local Machine = require "computation.machine"
 local Client = require "blockchain.client"
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ function Player:_react_tournament(tournament)
     if not tournament.parent then
         local winner_final_state = self.client:root_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
         if winner_final_state[1] == "true" then
-            log.log(self.player_index, "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY")
-            log.log(self.player_index, "Winner commitment: " .. winner_final_state[2]:hex_string())
-            log.log(self.player_index, "Final state: " .. winner_final_state[3]:hex_string())
+            helper.log(self.player_index, "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY")
+            helper.log(self.player_index, "Winner commitment: " .. winner_final_state[2]:hex_string())
+            helper.log(self.player_index, "Final state: " .. winner_final_state[3]:hex_string())
             return true
         end
     else
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ function Player:_react_tournament(tournament)
         if tournament_winner[1] == "true" then
             local old_commitment = self.commitments[tournament.parent.address]
             if tournament_winner[2] ~= old_commitment.root_hash then
-                log.log(self.player_index, "player lost tournament")
+                helper.log(self.player_index, "player lost tournament")
                 self.has_lost = true
                 return
             end
 
             if self.called_win[tournament.address] then
-                log.log(self.player_index, "player already called winInnerMatch")
+                helper.log(self.player_index, "player already called winInnerMatch")
                 return
             else
                 self.called_win[tournament.address] = true
             end
 
-            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "win tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 tournament.address,
                 tournament.level,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ end
 function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
     -- TODO call timeout if needed
 
-    log.log(self.player_index, "HEIGHT: " .. match.current_height)
+    helper.log(self.player_index, "HEIGHT: " .. match.current_height)
     if match.current_height == 0 then
         -- match sealed
         if match.tournament.level == 1 then
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
 
             if finished then
                 local delay = tonumber(self.client:maximum_delay(match.tournament.address)[1])
-                log.log(self.player_index, "DELAY", delay - os.time())
+                helper.log(self.player_index, "DELAY", delay - os.time())
                 return
             end
 
-            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "Calculating access logs for step %s",
                 match.running_leaf
             ))
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
             local ucycle = (match.running_leaf & constants.uarch_span):touinteger()
             local logs = Machine:get_logs(self.machine_path, cycle, ucycle)
 
-            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "win leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
                 logs
             )
             if not ok then
-                log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+                helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                     "win leaf match reverted: %s",
                     e
                 ))
@@ -157,7 +157,10 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
     elseif match.current_height == 1 then
         -- match to be sealed
         local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
-        if not found then return end
+        if not found then
+            helper.touch_player_idle(self.player_index)
+            return
+        end
 
         local initial_hash, proof
         if match.running_leaf:iszero() then
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
         end
 
         if match.tournament.level == 1 then
-            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "seal leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
                 proof
             )
         else
-            log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
                 "seal inner match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
@@ -216,6 +219,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
         -- match running
         local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
         if not found then
+            helper.touch_player_idle(self.player_index)
             return
         end
 
@@ -230,7 +234,7 @@ function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
             assert(f)
         end
 
-        log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+        helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
             "advance match with current height %d in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
             match.current_height,
             match.tournament.address,
@@ -284,13 +288,15 @@ function Player:_join_tournament_if_needed(tournament, commitment)
         assert(f)
         local last, proof = commitment:last()
 
-        log.log(self.player_index, string.format(
+        helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
             "join tournament %s of level %d with commitment %s",
             tournament.address,
             tournament.level,
             commitment.root_hash
         ))
         self.client:tx_join_tournament(tournament.address, last, proof, left, right)
+    else
+        helper.touch_player_idle(self.player_index)
     end
 end
 
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6dca7d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+local color = require "utils.color"
+
+local names = {'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'pink', 'cyan', 'white'}
+local idle_template = [[ls player%d_idle 2> /dev/null | grep player%d_idle | wc -l]]
+local ps_template = [[ps %s | grep defunct | wc -l]]
+
+local function log(player_index, msg)
+    local color_index = (player_index - 1) % #names + 1
+    local timestamp = os.date("%m/%d/%Y %X")
+    print(color.reset .. color.fg[names[color_index]] .. string.format("[#%d][%s] %s", player_index, timestamp, msg) .. color.reset)
+end
+
+local function log_to_ts(reader, last_ts)
+    -- print everything hold in the buffer which has smaller timestamp
+    -- this is to synchronise when there're gaps in between the logs
+    local msg_output = 0
+    while true do
+        local msg = reader:read()
+        if msg then
+            msg_output = msg_output + 1
+            print(msg)
+
+            local i, j = msg:find("%d%d/%d%d/%d%d%d%d %d%d:%d%d:%d%d")
+            if i and j then
+                local timestamp = msg:sub(i, j)
+                if timestamp > last_ts then
+                    last_ts = timestamp
+                    break
+                end
+            end
+        else
+            break
+        end
+    end
+    return last_ts, msg_output
+end
+
+local function is_zombie(pid)
+    local reader = io.popen(string.format(ps_template, pid))
+    ret = reader:read()
+    reader:close()
+    return tonumber(ret) == 1
+end
+
+local function stop_players(pid_reader)
+    for pid, reader in pairs(pid_reader) do
+        print(string.format("Stopping player with pid %s...", pid))
+        os.execute(string.format("kill -15 %s", pid))
+        reader:close()
+        print "Player stopped"
+    end
+end
+
+local function touch_player_idle(player_index)
+    os.execute(string.format("touch player%d_idle", player_index))
+end
+
+local function is_player_idle(player_index)
+    local reader = io.popen(string.format(idle_template, player_index, player_index))
+    ret = reader:read()
+    reader:close()
+    return tonumber(ret) == 1
+end
+
+local function rm_player_idle(player_index)
+    os.execute(string.format("rm player%d_idle", player_index))
+end
+
+local function all_players_idle(pid_player)
+    for pid, player in pairs(pid_player) do
+        if not is_player_idle(player) then
+            return false
+        end
+    end
+    return true
+end
+
+local function rm_all_players_idle(pid_player)
+    for pid, player in pairs(pid_player) do
+        rm_player_idle(player)
+    end
+    return true
+end
+
+return {
+    log = log,
+    log_to_ts = log_to_ts,
+    is_zombie = is_zombie,
+    stop_players = stop_players,
+    touch_player_idle = touch_player_idle,
+    all_players_idle = all_players_idle,
+    rm_all_players_idle = rm_all_players_idle
+}
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ed32ff5..00000000
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/log.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-local color = require "utils.color"
-
-local names = {'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'pink', 'cyan', 'white'}
-
-function log(player_index, msg)
-    local color_index = player_index % #names
-    local timestamp = os.date("%m/%d/%Y %X")
-    print(color.reset .. color.fg[names[color_index]] .. string.format("[#%d][%s] %s", player_index, timestamp, msg) .. color.reset)
-end
-
-function log_to_ts(reader, last_ts)
-    -- print everything hold in the buffer which has smaller timestamp
-    -- this is to synchronise when there're gaps in between the logs
-    while true do
-        local msg = reader:read()
-        if msg then
-            print(msg)
-
-            local ts_position = msg:find("%d%d/%d%d/%d%d%d%d %d%d:%d%d:%d%d")
-            if ts_position then
-                local timestamp = msg:sub(ts_position)
-                if timestamp > last_ts then
-                    last_ts = timestamp
-                    break
-                end
-            end
-        else
-            break
-        end
-    end
-
-    return last_ts
-end
-
-return { log = log, log_to_ts = log_to_ts }

From 6f5c759c132da02742cc191d23d6c7d2a2ee23ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stephen Chen <20940639+stephenctw@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 18:27:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] refactor(arbitration): split player state from player
 strategy

---
 .../offchain/entrypoint.lua                   |   7 +-
 .../offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua      |   6 +-
 .../offchain/player/honest_player.lua         |   8 +-
 .../offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua       | 303 ------------------
 .../offchain/player/state.lua                 | 119 +++++++
 .../offchain/player/strategy.lua              | 207 ++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 341 insertions(+), 309 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua

diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
index 7cc0cf24..b074484a 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ while true do
         end
 
         -- if all players are idle for 10 consecutive iterations, advance blockchain
-        if all_idle == 10 then
+        if all_idle == 5 then
             print("all players idle, fastforward blockchain for 30 seconds...")
             client:advance_time(30)
             all_idle = 0
@@ -85,7 +85,10 @@ while true do
     end
 
     -- if no active player processes for 10 consecutive iterations, break loop
-    if no_active_players == 10 then break end
+    if no_active_players == 10 then
+        print("no active players, end program...")
+        break
+    end
 end
 
 print "Good-bye, world!"
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
index ca6bbab8..d90e8654 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ package.path = package.path .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.lua"
 package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
 package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
 
-local Player = require "player.honest_strategy"
+local Player = require "player.state"
 local Client = require "blockchain.client"
 local Hash = require "cryptography.hash"
 
 local time = require "utils.time"
+local strategy = require "player.strategy"
 
 local player_index = tonumber(arg[1])
 local tournament = arg[2]
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ do
 end
 
 while true do
-    if p:react() then break end
+    p:fetch()
+    if strategy.react_honestly(p) then break end
     time.sleep(1)
 end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
index c9c592f3..85654729 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ package.path = package.path .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.lua"
 package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
 package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
 
-local Player = require "player.honest_strategy"
+local Player = require "player.state"
+local Client = require "blockchain.client"
+local Hash = require "cryptography.hash"
 
 local time = require "utils.time"
+local strategy = require "player.strategy"
 
 local player_index = tonumber(arg[1])
 local tournament = arg[2]
@@ -18,6 +21,7 @@ do
 end
 
 while true do
-    if p:react() then break end
+    p:fetch()
+    if strategy.react_honestly(p) then break end
     time.sleep(1)
 end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 965e4549..00000000
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,303 +0,0 @@
-local constants = require "constants"
-local bint = require 'utils.bint' (256) -- use 256 bits integers
-local helper = require 'utils.helper'
-
-local Machine = require "computation.machine"
-local Client = require "blockchain.client"
-
-local Player = {}
-Player.__index = Player
-
-function Player:new(root_tournament_address, player_index, commitment_builder, machine_path)
-    local player = {
-        machine_path = machine_path,
-        root_tournament = {
-            base_big_cycle = 0,
-            address = root_tournament_address,
-            level = constants.levels,
-            parent = false,
-        },
-        client = Client:new(player_index),
-        commitment_builder = commitment_builder,
-        commitments = {},
-        called_win = {},
-        player_index = player_index
-    }
-
-    setmetatable(player, self)
-    return player
-end
-
-function Player:react()
-    if self.has_lost then
-        return true
-    end
-    return self:_react_tournament(self.root_tournament)
-end
-
-function Player:_react_tournament(tournament)
-    local commitment = self.commitments[tournament.address]
-    if not commitment then
-        commitment = self.commitment_builder:build(
-            tournament.base_big_cycle,
-            tournament.level
-        )
-        self.commitments[tournament.address] = commitment
-    end
-
-    if not tournament.parent then
-        local winner_final_state = self.client:root_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
-        if winner_final_state[1] == "true" then
-            helper.log(self.player_index, "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY")
-            helper.log(self.player_index, "Winner commitment: " .. winner_final_state[2]:hex_string())
-            helper.log(self.player_index, "Final state: " .. winner_final_state[3]:hex_string())
-            return true
-        end
-    else
-        local tournament_winner = self.client:inner_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
-        if tournament_winner[1] == "true" then
-            local old_commitment = self.commitments[tournament.parent.address]
-            if tournament_winner[2] ~= old_commitment.root_hash then
-                helper.log(self.player_index, "player lost tournament")
-                self.has_lost = true
-                return
-            end
-
-            if self.called_win[tournament.address] then
-                helper.log(self.player_index, "player already called winInnerMatch")
-                return
-            else
-                self.called_win[tournament.address] = true
-            end
-
-            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-                "win tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
-                tournament.address,
-                tournament.level,
-                commitment.root_hash
-            ))
-            local _, left, right = old_commitment:children(old_commitment.root_hash)
-            self.client:tx_win_inner_match(tournament.parent.address, tournament.address, left, right)
-            return
-        end
-    end
-
-    local latest_match = self:_latest_match(tournament, commitment)
-
-    if not latest_match then
-        self:_join_tournament_if_needed(tournament, commitment)
-    else
-        self:_react_match(latest_match, commitment)
-    end
-end
-
-function Player:_react_match(match, commitment)
-    -- TODO call timeout if needed
-
-    helper.log(self.player_index, "HEIGHT: " .. match.current_height)
-    if match.current_height == 0 then
-        -- match sealed
-        if match.tournament.level == 1 then
-            local f, left, right = commitment.root_hash:children()
-            assert(f)
-
-            local finished =
-                self.client:match(match.tournament.address, match.match_id_hash)[1]:is_zero()
-
-            if finished then
-                local delay = tonumber(self.client:maximum_delay(match.tournament.address)[1])
-                helper.log(self.player_index, "DELAY", delay - os.time())
-                return
-            end
-
-            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-                "Calculating access logs for step %s",
-                match.running_leaf
-            ))
-
-            local cycle = (match.running_leaf >> constants.log2_uarch_span):touinteger()
-            local ucycle = (match.running_leaf & constants.uarch_span):touinteger()
-            local logs = Machine:get_logs(self.machine_path, cycle, ucycle)
-
-            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-                "win leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.tournament.level,
-                commitment.root_hash
-            ))
-            local ok, e = pcall(self.client.tx_win_leaf_match,
-                self.client,
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.commitment_one,
-                match.commitment_two,
-                left,
-                right,
-                logs
-            )
-            if not ok then
-                helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-                    "win leaf match reverted: %s",
-                    e
-                ))
-            end
-        else
-            local address = self.client:read_tournament_created(
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.match_id_hash
-            ).new_tournament
-
-            local new_tournament = {}
-            new_tournament.address = address
-            new_tournament.level = match.tournament.level - 1
-            new_tournament.parent = match.tournament
-            new_tournament.base_big_cycle = match.base_big_cycle
-
-            return self:_react_tournament(new_tournament)
-        end
-    elseif match.current_height == 1 then
-        -- match to be sealed
-        local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
-        if not found then
-            helper.touch_player_idle(self.player_index)
-            return
-        end
-
-        local initial_hash, proof
-        if match.running_leaf:iszero() then
-            initial_hash, proof = commitment.implicit_hash, {}
-        else
-            initial_hash, proof = commitment:prove_leaf(match.running_leaf)
-        end
-
-        if match.tournament.level == 1 then
-            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-                "seal leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.tournament.level,
-                commitment.root_hash
-            ))
-            self.client:tx_seal_leaf_match(
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.commitment_one,
-                match.commitment_two,
-                left,
-                right,
-                initial_hash,
-                proof
-            )
-        else
-            helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-                "seal inner match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.tournament.level,
-                commitment.root_hash
-            ))
-            self.client:tx_seal_inner_match(
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.commitment_one,
-                match.commitment_two,
-                left,
-                right,
-                initial_hash,
-                proof
-            )
-
-            local address = self.client:read_tournament_created(
-                match.tournament.address,
-                match.match_id_hash
-            ).new_tournament
-
-            local new_tournament = {}
-            new_tournament.address = address
-            new_tournament.level = match.tournament.level - 1
-            new_tournament.parent = match.tournament
-            new_tournament.base_big_cycle = match.base_big_cycle
-
-            return self:_react_tournament(new_tournament)
-        end
-    else
-        -- match running
-        local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
-        if not found then
-            helper.touch_player_idle(self.player_index)
-            return
-        end
-
-        local new_left, new_right
-        if left ~= match.current_left then
-            local f
-            f, new_left, new_right = left:children()
-            assert(f)
-        else
-            local f
-            f, new_left, new_right = right:children()
-            assert(f)
-        end
-
-        helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-            "advance match with current height %d in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
-            match.current_height,
-            match.tournament.address,
-            match.tournament.level,
-            commitment.root_hash
-        ))
-        self.client:tx_advance_match(
-            match.tournament.address,
-            match.commitment_one,
-            match.commitment_two,
-            left,
-            right,
-            new_left,
-            new_right
-        )
-    end
-end
-
-function Player:_latest_match(tournament, commitment)
-    local matches = self.client:read_match_created(tournament.address, commitment.root_hash)
-    local last_match = matches[#matches]
-
-    if not last_match then return false end
-
-    local m = self.client:match(tournament.address, last_match.match_id_hash)
-    if m[1]:is_zero() and m[2]:is_zero() and m[3]:is_zero() then
-        return false
-    end
-    last_match.current_other_parent = m[1]
-    last_match.current_left = m[2]
-    last_match.current_right = m[3]
-    last_match.running_leaf = bint(m[4])
-    last_match.current_height = tonumber(m[5])
-    last_match.level = tonumber(m[6])
-    last_match.tournament = tournament
-
-    local level = tournament.level
-    local base = bint(tournament.base_big_cycle)
-    local step = bint(1) << constants.log2step[level]
-    last_match.leaf_cycle = base + (step * last_match.running_leaf)
-    last_match.base_big_cycle = (last_match.leaf_cycle >> constants.log2_uarch_span):touinteger()
-
-    return last_match
-end
-
-function Player:_join_tournament_if_needed(tournament, commitment)
-    local c = self.client:read_commitment(tournament.address, commitment.root_hash)
-
-    if c.clock.allowance == 0 then
-        local f, left, right = commitment:children(commitment.root_hash)
-        assert(f)
-        local last, proof = commitment:last()
-
-        helper.log(self.player_index, string.format(
-            "join tournament %s of level %d with commitment %s",
-            tournament.address,
-            tournament.level,
-            commitment.root_hash
-        ))
-        self.client:tx_join_tournament(tournament.address, last, proof, left, right)
-    else
-        helper.touch_player_idle(self.player_index)
-    end
-end
-
-return Player
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de1a2d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+local constants = require "constants"
+local bint = require 'utils.bint' (256) -- use 256 bits integers
+
+local Client = require "blockchain.client"
+
+local Player = {}
+Player.__index = Player
+
+function Player:new(root_tournament_address, player_index, commitment_builder, machine_path)
+    local player = {
+        machine_path = machine_path,
+        root_tournament = {
+            base_big_cycle = 0,
+            address = root_tournament_address,
+            level = constants.levels,
+            parent = false,
+            commitment = false,
+            commitment_status = {},
+            tournament_winner = {},
+            latest_match = {},
+        },
+        client = Client:new(player_index),
+        commitment_builder = commitment_builder,
+        player_index = player_index
+    }
+
+    setmetatable(player, self)
+    return player
+end
+
+function Player:fetch()
+    return self:_fetch_tournament(self.root_tournament)
+end
+
+function Player:_fetch_tournament(tournament)
+    local commitment = tournament.commitment
+    if not commitment then
+        commitment = self.commitment_builder:build(
+            tournament.base_big_cycle,
+            tournament.level
+        )
+        tournament.commitment = commitment
+    end
+
+    if not tournament.parent then
+        tournament.tournament_winner = self.client:root_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
+    else
+        tournament.tournament_winner = self.client:inner_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
+    end
+
+    tournament.latest_match =  self:_latest_match(tournament)
+
+    if not tournament.latest_match then
+        tournament.commitment_status = self.client:read_commitment(tournament.address, commitment.root_hash)
+    else
+        self:_fetch_match(tournament.latest_match, commitment)
+    end
+end
+
+function Player:_fetch_match(match, commitment)
+    if match.current_height == 0 then
+        -- match sealed
+        if match.tournament.level == 1 then
+            local f, left, right = commitment.root_hash:children()
+            assert(f)
+
+            match.finished =
+                self.client:match(match.tournament.address, match.match_id_hash)[1]:is_zero()
+
+            if match.finished then
+                match.delay = tonumber(self.client:maximum_delay(match.tournament.address)[1])
+            end
+        else
+            local address = self.client:read_tournament_created(
+                match.tournament.address,
+                match.match_id_hash
+            ).new_tournament
+
+            local new_tournament = {}
+            new_tournament.address = address
+            new_tournament.level = match.tournament.level - 1
+            new_tournament.parent = match.tournament
+            new_tournament.base_big_cycle = match.base_big_cycle
+            match.inner_tournament = new_tournament
+
+            return self:_fetch_tournament(new_tournament)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function Player:_latest_match(tournament)
+    local commitment = tournament.commitment
+    local matches = self.client:read_match_created(tournament.address, commitment.root_hash)
+    local last_match = matches[#matches]
+
+    if not last_match then return false end
+
+    local m = self.client:match(tournament.address, last_match.match_id_hash)
+    if m[1]:is_zero() and m[2]:is_zero() and m[3]:is_zero() then
+        return false
+    end
+    last_match.current_other_parent = m[1]
+    last_match.current_left = m[2]
+    last_match.current_right = m[3]
+    last_match.running_leaf = bint(m[4])
+    last_match.current_height = tonumber(m[5])
+    last_match.level = tonumber(m[6])
+    last_match.tournament = tournament
+
+    local level = tournament.level
+    local base = bint(tournament.base_big_cycle)
+    local step = bint(1) << constants.log2step[level]
+    last_match.leaf_cycle = base + (step * last_match.running_leaf)
+    last_match.base_big_cycle = (last_match.leaf_cycle >> constants.log2_uarch_span):touinteger()
+
+    return last_match
+end
+
+return Player
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b35ac010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+local constants = require "constants"
+local helper = require 'utils.helper'
+
+local Machine = require "computation.machine"
+
+local _react_match_honestly
+local _react_tournament_honestly
+
+local function _join_tournament_if_needed(player, tournament)
+    if tournament.commitment_status.clock.allowance == 0 then
+        local f, left, right = tournament.commitment:children(tournament.commitment.root_hash)
+        assert(f)
+        local last, proof = tournament.commitment:last()
+
+        helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            "join tournament %s of level %d with commitment %s",
+            tournament.address,
+            tournament.level,
+            tournament.commitment.root_hash
+        ))
+        player.client:tx_join_tournament(tournament.address, last, proof, left, right)
+    else
+        helper.touch_player_idle(player.player_index)
+    end
+end
+
+_react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
+    -- TODO call timeout if needed
+
+    helper.log(player.player_index, "HEIGHT: " .. match.current_height)
+    if match.current_height == 0 then
+        -- match sealed
+        if match.tournament.level == 1 then
+            local f, left, right = commitment.root_hash:children()
+            assert(f)
+
+            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                "Calculating access logs for step %s",
+                match.running_leaf
+            ))
+
+            local cycle = (match.running_leaf >> constants.log2_uarch_span):touinteger()
+            local ucycle = (match.running_leaf & constants.uarch_span):touinteger()
+            local logs = Machine:get_logs(player.machine_path, cycle, ucycle)
+
+            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                "win leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
+                match.tournament.address,
+                match.tournament.level,
+                commitment.root_hash
+            ))
+            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_win_leaf_match,
+                player.client,
+                match.tournament.address,
+                match.commitment_one,
+                match.commitment_two,
+                left,
+                right,
+                logs
+            )
+            if not ok then
+                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                    "win leaf match reverted: %s",
+                    e
+                ))
+            end
+        else
+            return _react_tournament_honestly(player, match.inner_tournament)
+        end
+    elseif match.current_height == 1 then
+        -- match to be sealed
+        local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
+        if not found then
+            helper.touch_player_idle(player.player_index)
+            return
+        end
+
+        local initial_hash, proof
+        if match.running_leaf:iszero() then
+            initial_hash, proof = commitment.implicit_hash, {}
+        else
+            initial_hash, proof = commitment:prove_leaf(match.running_leaf)
+        end
+
+        if match.tournament.level == 1 then
+            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                "seal leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
+                match.tournament.address,
+                match.tournament.level,
+                commitment.root_hash
+            ))
+            player.client:tx_seal_leaf_match(
+                match.tournament.address,
+                match.commitment_one,
+                match.commitment_two,
+                left,
+                right,
+                initial_hash,
+                proof
+            )
+        else
+            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                "seal inner match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
+                match.tournament.address,
+                match.tournament.level,
+                commitment.root_hash
+            ))
+            player.client:tx_seal_inner_match(
+                match.tournament.address,
+                match.commitment_one,
+                match.commitment_two,
+                left,
+                right,
+                initial_hash,
+                proof
+            )
+        end
+    else
+        -- match running
+        local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
+        if not found then
+            helper.touch_player_idle(player.player_index)
+            return
+        end
+
+        local new_left, new_right
+        if left ~= match.current_left then
+            local f
+            f, new_left, new_right = left:children()
+            assert(f)
+        else
+            local f
+            f, new_left, new_right = right:children()
+            assert(f)
+        end
+
+        helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            "advance match with current height %d in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
+            match.current_height,
+            match.tournament.address,
+            match.tournament.level,
+            commitment.root_hash
+        ))
+        player.client:tx_advance_match(
+            match.tournament.address,
+            match.commitment_one,
+            match.commitment_two,
+            left,
+            right,
+            new_left,
+            new_right
+        )
+    end
+end
+
+_react_tournament_honestly = function(player, tournament)
+    local tournament_winner = tournament.tournament_winner
+    if tournament_winner[1] == "true" then
+        if not tournament.parent then
+            helper.log(player.player_index, "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY")
+            helper.log(player.player_index, "Winner commitment: " .. tournament_winner[2]:hex_string())
+            helper.log(player.player_index, "Final state: " .. tournament_winner[3]:hex_string())
+            return true
+        else
+            local old_commitment = tournament.parent.commitment
+            if tournament_winner[2] ~= old_commitment.root_hash then
+                helper.log(player.player_index, "player lost tournament")
+                player.has_lost = true
+                return
+            end
+
+            if tournament.called_win then
+                helper.log(player.player_index, "player already called winInnerMatch")
+                return
+            else
+                tournament.called_win = true
+            end
+
+            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                "win tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
+                tournament.address,
+                tournament.level,
+                tournament.commitment.root_hash
+            ))
+            local _, left, right = old_commitment:children(old_commitment.root_hash)
+            player.client:tx_win_inner_match(tournament.parent.address, tournament.address, left, right)
+            return
+        end
+    end
+
+    if not tournament.latest_match then
+        _join_tournament_if_needed(player, tournament)
+    else
+        _react_match_honestly(player, tournament.latest_match, tournament.commitment)
+    end
+end
+
+local function _react_honestly(player)
+    if player.has_lost then
+        return true
+    end
+    return _react_tournament_honestly(player, player.root_tournament)
+end
+
+return {
+    react_honestly = _react_honestly
+}

From 486225c04b22d72c4647749f9977b9aa321209e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stephen Chen <20940639+stephenctw@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 16:27:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] chore(arbitration): increase anvil accounts to 40

---
 .../offchain/blockchain/client.lua            | 96 -------------------
 .../offchain/blockchain/constants.lua         | 62 +++++++++++-
 .../offchain/blockchain/node.lua              | 25 ++---
 3 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)

diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
index d20b13cb..26ded24d 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
@@ -448,99 +448,3 @@ function Client:advance_time(seconds)
 end
 
 return Client
-
-
---[[
-local blockchain = require "blockchain":new()
-local initial_hash = "0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470"
-local contract = blockchain:deploy_contract(initial_hash)
-
-local client1 = Client:new(blockchain.endpoint, blockchain:new_account())
-local p1_l1 = utils.keccak "0"
-local p1_l2 = utils.keccak "1"
-local p1_cmt = utils.join_hashes(utils.join_hashes(p1_l1, p1_l2), utils.join_hashes(p1_l2, p1_l2))
-client1:tx_join_tournament(contract, p1_l2, {p1_l1}, utils.join_hashes(p1_l1, p1_l2), utils.join_hashes(p1_l2, p1_l2))
-local commitment1 = client1:read_commitment(contract, p1_cmt)
-print(commitment1.clock.allowance, commitment1.clock.last_resume, commitment1.final_state)
-
-local client2 = Client:new(blockchain.endpoint, blockchain:new_account())
-local p2_l1 = utils.keccak "0"
-local p2_l2 = utils.keccak "2"
-local p2_cmt = utils.join_hashes(utils.join_hashes(p2_l1, p2_l2), utils.join_hashes(p2_l2, p2_l2))
-client2:tx_join_tournament(contract, p2_l2, {p2_l1}, utils.join_hashes(p2_l1, p2_l2), utils.join_hashes(p2_l2, p2_l2))
-local commitment2 = client1:read_commitment(contract, p2_cmt)
-print(commitment2.clock.allowance, commitment2.clock.last_resume, commitment2.final_state)
-
-local a = client1:read_match_created(contract, false, false)
-for k,log in ipairs(a) do
-    print("LOG ", k)
-    print("tournament_address", log.tournament_address)
-    print("commitment_one", log.commitment_one)
-    print("commitment_two", log.commitment_two)
-    print("match_id_hash", log.match_id_hash)
-    print("left_hash", log.left_hash)
-    print("meta", log.meta.block_hash, log.meta.block_number, log.meta.log_index)
-    print("END ", k)
-    print("")
-
-    local x = client1:match(contract, log.match_id_hash)
-    for _,v in ipairs(x) do print("A", v) end
-end
-
-client1:tx_advance_match(contract, p1_cmt, p2_cmt, utils.join_hashes(p1_l1, p1_l2), utils.join_hashes(p1_l2, p1_l2), p1_l1, p1_l2)
-
-client2:tx_seal_inner_match(contract, p1_cmt, p2_cmt, p2_l1, p2_l2, p2_l1, {})
-client1:read_tournament_created(contract, utils.join_hashes(p1_cmt, p2_cmt))
---]]
-
--- local client1 = Client:new(blockchain.endpoint, blockchain:new_account())
--- local p1_l1 = utils.keccak "0"
--- local p1_l2 = utils.keccak "1"
--- local p1_cmt = utils.join_hashes(p1_l1, p1_l2)
--- client1:tx_join_tournament(contract, p1_l2, {p1_l1}, p1_l1, p1_l2)
--- local commitment1 = client1:read_commitment(contract, p1_cmt)
--- print(commitment1.clock.allowance, commitment1.clock.last_resume, commitment1.final_state)
-
--- local client2 = Client:new(blockchain.endpoint, blockchain:new_account())
--- local p2_l1 = utils.keccak "0"
--- local p2_l2 = utils.keccak "2"
--- local p2_cmt = utils.join_hashes(p2_l1, p2_l2)
--- client2:tx_join_tournament(contract, p2_l2, {p2_l1}, p2_l1, p2_l2)
--- local commitment2 = client1:read_commitment(contract, p2_cmt)
--- print(commitment2.clock.allowance, commitment2.clock.last_resume, commitment2.final_state)
-
--- local a = client1:read_match_created(contract, false, false)
--- for k,log in ipairs(a) do
---     print("LOG ", k)
---     print("tournament_address", log.tournament_address)
---     print("commitment_one", log.commitment_one)
---     print("commitment_two", log.commitment_two)
---     print("match_id_hash", log.match_id_hash)
---     print("left_hash", log.left_hash)
---     print("meta", log.meta.block_hash, log.meta.block_number, log.meta.log_index)
---     print("END ", k)
---     print("")
-
---     local x = client1:match(contract, log.match_id_hash)
---     for _,v in ipairs(x) do print("A", v) end
--- end
-
-
-
--- client.joinRootTournament(commitmentId, leftChild, rightChild)
--- client.winByTimeout(id)
--- client.advanceMatch(id, leftChild, rightChild, leftChildChild, rightChildChild)
--- client.sealMatch() // seals match, creates nested tournament, updates current commitment
--- client.enterNestedTournament(parentMatch, parentCommitmentIdHash, childCommitment)
--- client.proveLeafMatch()
-
-
--- local LEVEL_LOG2_STEP_SIZES = { 24, 14, 7, 0 }
--- local LOG2_MAX_MCYCLE = 63
--- local last_log2_num_steps = LOG2_MAX_MCYCLE
-
--- for i, log2_step_size in ipairs(LEVEL_LOG2_STEP_SIZES) do
---     local log2_num_steps = last_log2_num_steps - log2_step_size
---     print(i, log2_num_steps)
---     last_log2_num_steps = log2_step_size
--- end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua
index 75a96362..3949135c 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/constants.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
--- contains default 10 accounts of anvil test node, and deployed tournament contract address
+-- contains default 40 accounts of anvil test node
 local constants = {
     endpoint = "http://127.0.0.1:8545",
     addresses = {
@@ -12,6 +12,36 @@ local constants = {
         "0x14dC79964da2C08b23698B3D3cc7Ca32193d9955",
         "0x23618e81E3f5cdF7f54C3d65f7FBc0aBf5B21E8f",
         "0xa0Ee7A142d267C1f36714E4a8F75612F20a79720",
+        "0xBcd4042DE499D14e55001CcbB24a551F3b954096",
+        "0x71bE63f3384f5fb98995898A86B02Fb2426c5788",
+        "0xFABB0ac9d68B0B445fB7357272Ff202C5651694a",
+        "0x1CBd3b2770909D4e10f157cABC84C7264073C9Ec",
+        "0xdF3e18d64BC6A983f673Ab319CCaE4f1a57C7097",
+        "0xcd3B766CCDd6AE721141F452C550Ca635964ce71",
+        "0x2546BcD3c84621e976D8185a91A922aE77ECEc30",
+        "0xbDA5747bFD65F08deb54cb465eB87D40e51B197E",
+        "0xdD2FD4581271e230360230F9337D5c0430Bf44C0",
+        "0x8626f6940E2eb28930eFb4CeF49B2d1F2C9C1199",
+        "0x09DB0a93B389bEF724429898f539AEB7ac2Dd55f",
+        "0x02484cb50AAC86Eae85610D6f4Bf026f30f6627D",
+        "0x08135Da0A343E492FA2d4282F2AE34c6c5CC1BbE",
+        "0x5E661B79FE2D3F6cE70F5AAC07d8Cd9abb2743F1",
+        "0x61097BA76cD906d2ba4FD106E757f7Eb455fc295",
+        "0xDf37F81dAAD2b0327A0A50003740e1C935C70913",
+        "0x553BC17A05702530097c3677091C5BB47a3a7931",
+        "0x87BdCE72c06C21cd96219BD8521bDF1F42C78b5e",
+        "0x40Fc963A729c542424cD800349a7E4Ecc4896624",
+        "0x9DCCe783B6464611f38631e6C851bf441907c710",
+        "0x1BcB8e569EedAb4668e55145Cfeaf190902d3CF2",
+        "0x8263Fce86B1b78F95Ab4dae11907d8AF88f841e7",
+        "0xcF2d5b3cBb4D7bF04e3F7bFa8e27081B52191f91",
+        "0x86c53Eb85D0B7548fea5C4B4F82b4205C8f6Ac18",
+        "0x1aac82773CB722166D7dA0d5b0FA35B0307dD99D",
+        "0x2f4f06d218E426344CFE1A83D53dAd806994D325",
+        "0x1003ff39d25F2Ab16dBCc18EcE05a9B6154f65F4",
+        "0x9eAF5590f2c84912A08de97FA28d0529361Deb9E",
+        "0x11e8F3eA3C6FcF12EcfF2722d75CEFC539c51a1C",
+        "0x7D86687F980A56b832e9378952B738b614A99dc6",
     },
     pks = {
         "0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80",
@@ -24,6 +54,36 @@ local constants = {
         "0x4bbbf85ce3377467afe5d46f804f221813b2bb87f24d81f60f1fcdbf7cbf4356",
         "0xdbda1821b80551c9d65939329250298aa3472ba22feea921c0cf5d620ea67b97",
         "0x2a871d0798f97d79848a013d4936a73bf4cc922c825d33c1cf7073dff6d409c6",
+        "0xf214f2b2cd398c806f84e317254e0f0b801d0643303237d97a22a48e01628897",
+        "0x701b615bbdfb9de65240bc28bd21bbc0d996645a3dd57e7b12bc2bdf6f192c82",
+        "0xa267530f49f8280200edf313ee7af6b827f2a8bce2897751d06a843f644967b1",
+        "0x47c99abed3324a2707c28affff1267e45918ec8c3f20b8aa892e8b065d2942dd",
+        "0xc526ee95bf44d8fc405a158bb884d9d1238d99f0612e9f33d006bb0789009aaa",
+        "0x8166f546bab6da521a8369cab06c5d2b9e46670292d85c875ee9ec20e84ffb61",
+        "0xea6c44ac03bff858b476bba40716402b03e41b8e97e276d1baec7c37d42484a0",
+        "0x689af8efa8c651a91ad287602527f3af2fe9f6501a7ac4b061667b5a93e037fd",
+        "0xde9be858da4a475276426320d5e9262ecfc3ba460bfac56360bfa6c4c28b4ee0",
+        "0xdf57089febbacf7ba0bc227dafbffa9fc08a93fdc68e1e42411a14efcf23656e",
+        "0xeaa861a9a01391ed3d587d8a5a84ca56ee277629a8b02c22093a419bf240e65d",
+        "0xc511b2aa70776d4ff1d376e8537903dae36896132c90b91d52c1dfbae267cd8b",
+        "0x224b7eb7449992aac96d631d9677f7bf5888245eef6d6eeda31e62d2f29a83e4",
+        "0x4624e0802698b9769f5bdb260a3777fbd4941ad2901f5966b854f953497eec1b",
+        "0x375ad145df13ed97f8ca8e27bb21ebf2a3819e9e0a06509a812db377e533def7",
+        "0x18743e59419b01d1d846d97ea070b5a3368a3e7f6f0242cf497e1baac6972427",
+        "0xe383b226df7c8282489889170b0f68f66af6459261f4833a781acd0804fafe7a",
+        "0xf3a6b71b94f5cd909fb2dbb287da47badaa6d8bcdc45d595e2884835d8749001",
+        "0x4e249d317253b9641e477aba8dd5d8f1f7cf5250a5acadd1229693e262720a19",
+        "0x233c86e887ac435d7f7dc64979d7758d69320906a0d340d2b6518b0fd20aa998",
+        "0x85a74ca11529e215137ccffd9c95b2c72c5fb0295c973eb21032e823329b3d2d",
+        "0xac8698a440d33b866b6ffe8775621ce1a4e6ebd04ab7980deb97b3d997fc64fb",
+        "0xf076539fbce50f0513c488f32bf81524d30ca7a29f400d68378cc5b1b17bc8f2",
+        "0x5544b8b2010dbdbef382d254802d856629156aba578f453a76af01b81a80104e",
+        "0x47003709a0a9a4431899d4e014c1fd01c5aad19e873172538a02370a119bae11",
+        "0x9644b39377553a920edc79a275f45fa5399cbcf030972f771d0bca8097f9aad3",
+        "0xcaa7b4a2d30d1d565716199f068f69ba5df586cf32ce396744858924fdf827f0",
+        "0xfc5a028670e1b6381ea876dd444d3faaee96cffae6db8d93ca6141130259247c",
+        "0x5b92c5fe82d4fabee0bc6d95b4b8a3f9680a0ed7801f631035528f32c9eb2ad5",
+        "0xb68ac4aa2137dd31fd0732436d8e59e959bb62b4db2e6107b15f594caf0f405f",
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua
index 93aaf98c..7dee3044 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/node.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local default_account_number = 10
+local default_account_number = 40
 
 local function stop_blockchain(handle, pid)
     print(string.format("Stopping blockchain with pid %d...", pid))
@@ -7,11 +7,10 @@ local function stop_blockchain(handle, pid)
     print "Blockchain stopped"
 end
 
-local function start_blockchain(account_num)
-    account_num = account_num or default_account_number
-    print(string.format("Starting blockchain with %d accounts...", account_num))
+local function start_blockchain()
+    print(string.format("Starting blockchain with %d accounts...", default_account_number))
 
-    local cmd = string.format([[sh -c "echo $$ ; exec anvil --block-time 1 -a %d > anvil.log 2>&1"]], account_num)
+    local cmd = string.format([[sh -c "echo $$ ; exec anvil --block-time 1 -a %d > anvil.log 2>&1"]], default_account_number)
 
     local reader = io.popen(cmd)
     assert(reader, "`popen` returned nil reader")
@@ -147,24 +146,22 @@ end
 local Blockchain = {}
 Blockchain.__index = Blockchain
 
-function Blockchain:new(account_num)
+function Blockchain:new()
     local blockchain = {}
 
-    local handle = start_blockchain(account_num)
+    local handle = start_blockchain()
     local accounts, endpoint = capture_blockchain_data()
 
     blockchain._handle = handle
     blockchain._accounts = accounts
-    blockchain._current_account = 1
     blockchain.endpoint = endpoint
 
     setmetatable(blockchain, self)
     return blockchain
 end
 
-function Blockchain:new_account()
-    local current_account = self._current_account
-    self._current_account = current_account + 1
+function Blockchain:default_account()
+    local current_account = 1
     local accounts = self._accounts
     assert(current_account <= #accounts.address, "no more accounts")
 
@@ -178,13 +175,9 @@ end
 
 function Blockchain:deploy_contract(initial_hash, deployer)
     assert(initial_hash)
-    deployer = deployer or self:new_account()
+    deployer = deployer or self:default_account()
     local address = deploy_contracts(self.endpoint, deployer.pk, initial_hash)
     return address, deployer
 end
 
--- local bc = Blockchain:new(100)
--- local initial_hash = "0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470"
--- bc:deploy_contract(initial_hash)
-
 return Blockchain

From 72fdb2a0ccecedebb2927d49a20227cc73d8683d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stephen Chen <20940639+stephenctw@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 13:03:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] fix(arbitration): use `pcall` on every tx in case of race
 condition

---
 .../offchain/player/strategy.lua              | 56 +++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua
index b35ac010..c48cf0cf 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua
@@ -18,7 +18,20 @@ local function _join_tournament_if_needed(player, tournament)
             tournament.level,
             tournament.commitment.root_hash
         ))
-        player.client:tx_join_tournament(tournament.address, last, proof, left, right)
+        local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_join_tournament,
+            player.client,
+            tournament.address,
+            last,
+            proof,
+            left,
+            right
+        )
+        if not ok then
+            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                "join tournament reverted: %s",
+                e
+            ))
+        end
     else
         helper.touch_player_idle(player.player_index)
     end
@@ -89,7 +102,8 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
                 match.tournament.level,
                 commitment.root_hash
             ))
-            player.client:tx_seal_leaf_match(
+            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_seal_leaf_match,
+                player.client,
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.commitment_one,
                 match.commitment_two,
@@ -98,6 +112,12 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
                 initial_hash,
                 proof
             )
+            if not ok then
+                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                    "seal leaf match reverted: %s",
+                    e
+                ))
+            end
         else
             helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
                 "seal inner match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
@@ -105,7 +125,8 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
                 match.tournament.level,
                 commitment.root_hash
             ))
-            player.client:tx_seal_inner_match(
+            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_seal_inner_match,
+                player.client,
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.commitment_one,
                 match.commitment_two,
@@ -114,6 +135,12 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
                 initial_hash,
                 proof
             )
+            if not ok then
+                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                    "seal inner match reverted: %s",
+                    e
+                ))
+            end
         end
     else
         -- match running
@@ -141,7 +168,8 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
             match.tournament.level,
             commitment.root_hash
         ))
-        player.client:tx_advance_match(
+        local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_advance_match,
+            player.client,
             match.tournament.address,
             match.commitment_one,
             match.commitment_two,
@@ -150,6 +178,12 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
             new_left,
             new_right
         )
+        if not ok then
+            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                "advance match reverted: %s",
+                e
+            ))
+        end
     end
 end
 
@@ -183,7 +217,19 @@ _react_tournament_honestly = function(player, tournament)
                 tournament.commitment.root_hash
             ))
             local _, left, right = old_commitment:children(old_commitment.root_hash)
-            player.client:tx_win_inner_match(tournament.parent.address, tournament.address, left, right)
+            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_win_inner_match,
+                player.client,
+                tournament.parent.address,
+                tournament.address,
+                left,
+                right
+            )
+            if not ok then
+                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                    "win inner match reverted: %s",
+                    e
+                ))
+            end
             return
         end
     end

From fd8984393cc740773988b13cece06dcc872a117e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stephen Chen <20940639+stephenctw@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 21:20:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] feat(arbitration): resolve PR comments * Split `Client`
 into `Reader` and `Sender` * Add variables to control behaviors in entrypoint
 * Add `HonestStrategy` concrete type * Move `pcall` into `Sender:_send_tx` *
 `State` tracks all tournaments/commitments/matches * Optimize `tournament`
 and `match` structure * Optimize `player.idle` logic * Add `commitmentJoined`
 event

---
 .../blockchain/{client.lua => reader.lua}     | 184 ++++--------------
 .../offchain/blockchain/sender.lua            | 161 +++++++++++++++
 .../offchain/blockchain/utils.lua             |  22 +++
 .../offchain/entrypoint.lua                   |  21 +-
 .../offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua      |  26 ++-
 .../offchain/player/honest_player.lua         |  26 ++-
 .../{strategy.lua => honest_strategy.lua}     | 167 ++++++++--------
 .../offchain/player/state.lua                 | 123 ++++++------
 .../offchain/utils/helper.lua                 |   7 +-
 .../src/tournament/abstracts/Tournament.sol   |   2 +
 10 files changed, 423 insertions(+), 316 deletions(-)
 rename onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/{client.lua => reader.lua} (59%)
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/sender.lua
 create mode 100644 onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/utils.lua
 rename onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/{strategy.lua => honest_strategy.lua} (56%)

diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/reader.lua
similarity index 59%
rename from onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
rename to onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/reader.lua
index 26ded24d..3a257683 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/client.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/reader.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 local Hash = require "cryptography.hash"
-local MerkleTree = require "cryptography.merkle_tree"
 local eth_ebi = require "utils.eth_ebi"
 
 local function parse_topics(json)
@@ -107,51 +106,18 @@ local function sort_and_dedup(t)
     return ret
 end
 
-local function quote_args(args, not_quote)
-    local quoted_args = {}
-    for _, v in ipairs(args) do
-        if type(v) == "table" and (getmetatable(v) == Hash or getmetatable(v) == MerkleTree) then
-            if not_quote then
-                table.insert(quoted_args, v:hex_string())
-            else
-                table.insert(quoted_args, '"' .. v:hex_string() .. '"')
-            end
-        elseif type(v) == "table" then
-            if v._tag == "tuple" then
-                local qa = quote_args(v, true)
-                local ca = table.concat(qa, ",")
-                local sb = "'(" .. ca .. ")'"
-                table.insert(quoted_args, sb)
-            else
-                local qa = quote_args(v, true)
-                local ca = table.concat(qa, ",")
-                local sb = "'[" .. ca .. "]'"
-                table.insert(quoted_args, sb)
-            end
-        elseif not_quote then
-            table.insert(quoted_args, tostring(v))
-        else
-            table.insert(quoted_args, '"' .. v .. '"')
-        end
-    end
+local Reader = {}
+Reader.__index = Reader
 
-    return quoted_args
-end
-
-
-local Client = {}
-Client.__index = Client
-
-function Client:new(account_index)
+function Reader:new()
     local blockchain_data = require "blockchain.constants"
 
-    local client = {
-        endpoint = blockchain_data.endpoint,
-        pk = blockchain_data.pks[account_index],
+    local reader = {
+        endpoint = blockchain_data.endpoint
     }
 
-    setmetatable(client, self)
-    return client
+    setmetatable(reader, self)
+    return reader
 end
 
 local cast_logs_template = [==[
@@ -159,7 +125,7 @@ cast rpc -r "%s" eth_getLogs \
     '[{"fromBlock": "earliest", "toBlock": "latest", "address": "%s", "topics": [%s]}]' -w  2>&1
 ]==]
 
-function Client:_read_logs(tournament_address, sig, topics, data_sig)
+function Reader:_read_logs(tournament_address, sig, topics, data_sig)
     topics = topics or { false, false, false }
     local encoded_sig = eth_ebi.encode_sig(sig)
     table.insert(topics, 1, encoded_sig)
@@ -201,7 +167,7 @@ local cast_call_template = [==[
 cast call --rpc-url "%s" "%s" "%s" %s 2>&1
 ]==]
 
-function Client:_call(address, sig, args)
+function Reader:_call(address, sig, args)
     local quoted_args = {}
     for _, v in ipairs(args) do
         table.insert(quoted_args, '"' .. v .. '"')
@@ -236,14 +202,11 @@ function Client:_call(address, sig, args)
     return ret
 end
 
-function Client:read_match_created(tournament_address, commitment_hash)
+function Reader:read_match_created(tournament_address, commitment_hash)
     local sig = "matchCreated(bytes32,bytes32,bytes32)"
     local data_sig = "(bytes32)"
 
-    local logs1 = self:_read_logs(tournament_address, sig, { commitment_hash:hex_string(), false, false }, data_sig)
-    local logs2 = self:_read_logs(tournament_address, sig, { false, commitment_hash:hex_string(), false }, data_sig)
-
-    local logs = sort_and_dedup(join_tables(logs1, logs2))
+    local logs = self:_read_logs(tournament_address, sig, { false, false, false }, data_sig)
 
     local ret = {}
     for k, v in ipairs(logs) do
@@ -262,7 +225,26 @@ function Client:read_match_created(tournament_address, commitment_hash)
     return ret
 end
 
-function Client:read_commitment(tournament_address, commitment_hash)
+function Reader:read_commitment_joined(tournament_address)
+    local sig = "commitmentJoined(bytes32)"
+    local data_sig = "(bytes32)"
+
+    local logs = self:_read_logs(tournament_address, sig, { false, false, false }, data_sig)
+
+    local ret = {}
+    for k, v in ipairs(logs) do
+        local log = {}
+        log.tournament_address = tournament_address
+        log.meta = v.meta
+        log.root = Hash:from_digest_hex(v.decoded_data[1])
+
+        ret[k] = log
+    end
+
+    return ret
+end
+
+function Reader:read_commitment(tournament_address, commitment_hash)
     local sig = "getCommitment(bytes32)((uint64,uint64),bytes32)"
 
     local call_ret = self:_call(tournament_address, sig, { commitment_hash:hex_string() })
@@ -284,7 +266,7 @@ function Client:read_commitment(tournament_address, commitment_hash)
     return ret
 end
 
-function Client:read_tournament_created(tournament_address, match_id_hash)
+function Reader:read_tournament_created(tournament_address, match_id_hash)
     local sig = "newInnerTournament(bytes32,address)"
     local data_sig = "(address)"
 
@@ -302,7 +284,7 @@ function Client:read_tournament_created(tournament_address, match_id_hash)
     return ret
 end
 
-function Client:match(address, match_id_hash)
+function Reader:match(address, match_id_hash)
     local sig = "getMatch(bytes32)(bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint64,uint64)"
     local ret = self:_call(address, sig, { match_id_hash:hex_string() })
     ret[1] = Hash:from_digest_hex(ret[1])
@@ -312,7 +294,7 @@ function Client:match(address, match_id_hash)
     return ret
 end
 
-function Client:inner_tournament_winner(address)
+function Reader:inner_tournament_winner(address)
     local sig = "innerTournamentWinner()(bool,bytes32)"
     local ret = self:_call(address, sig, {})
     ret[2] = Hash:from_digest_hex(ret[2])
@@ -320,7 +302,7 @@ function Client:inner_tournament_winner(address)
     return ret
 end
 
-function Client:root_tournament_winner(address)
+function Reader:root_tournament_winner(address)
     local sig = "arbitrationResult()(bool,bytes32,bytes32)"
     local ret = self:_call(address, sig, {})
     ret[2] = Hash:from_digest_hex(ret[2])
@@ -329,108 +311,18 @@ function Client:root_tournament_winner(address)
     return ret
 end
 
-function Client:maximum_delay(address)
+function Reader:maximum_delay(address)
     local sig = "maximumEnforceableDelay()(uint64)"
     local ret = self:_call(address, sig, {})
 
     return ret
 end
 
-local cast_send_template = [[
-cast send --private-key "%s" --rpc-url "%s" "%s" "%s" %s 2>&1
-]]
-
-function Client:_send_tx(tournament_address, sig, args)
-    local quoted_args = quote_args(args)
-    local args_str = table.concat(quoted_args, " ")
-
-    local cmd = string.format(
-        cast_send_template,
-        self.pk,
-        self.endpoint,
-        tournament_address,
-        sig,
-        args_str
-    )
-
-    local handle = io.popen(cmd)
-    assert(handle)
-
-    local ret = handle:read "*a"
-    if ret:find "Error" then
-        handle:close()
-        error(string.format("Send transaction `%s` reverted:\n%s", sig, ret))
-    end
-    handle:close()
-end
-
-function Client:tx_join_tournament(tournament_address, final_state, proof, left_child, right_child)
-    local sig = [[joinTournament(bytes32,bytes32[],bytes32,bytes32)]]
-    self:_send_tx(tournament_address, sig, { final_state, proof, left_child, right_child })
-end
-
-function Client:tx_advance_match(
-    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, new_left, new_right
-)
-    local sig = [[advanceMatch((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32)]]
-    self:_send_tx(
-        tournament_address,
-        sig,
-        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, new_left, new_right }
-    )
-end
-
-function Client:tx_seal_inner_match(
-    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, initial_hash, proof
-)
-    local sig =
-    [[sealInnerMatchAndCreateInnerTournament((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32[])]]
-    self:_send_tx(
-        tournament_address,
-        sig,
-        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, initial_hash:hex_string(), proof }
-    )
-end
-
-function Client:tx_win_inner_match(tournament_address, child_tournament_address, left, right)
-    local sig =
-    [[winInnerMatch(address,bytes32,bytes32)]]
-    self:_send_tx(
-        tournament_address,
-        sig,
-        { child_tournament_address, left, right }
-    )
-end
-
-function Client:tx_seal_leaf_match(
-    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, initial_hash, proof
-)
-    local sig =
-    [[sealLeafMatch((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32[])]]
-    self:_send_tx(
-        tournament_address,
-        sig,
-        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, initial_hash, proof }
-    )
-end
-
-function Client:tx_win_leaf_match(
-    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, proof
-)
-    local sig =
-    [[winLeafMatch((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes)]]
-    self:_send_tx(
-        tournament_address,
-        sig,
-        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, proof }
-    )
-end
-
 local cast_advance_template = [[
 cast rpc -r "%s" evm_increaseTime %d
 ]]
 
-function Client:advance_time(seconds)
+function Reader:advance_time(seconds)
     local cmd = string.format(
         cast_advance_template,
         self.endpoint,
@@ -447,4 +339,4 @@ function Client:advance_time(seconds)
     end
 end
 
-return Client
+return Reader
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/sender.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/sender.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..305459ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/sender.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+local Hash = require "cryptography.hash"
+local MerkleTree = require "cryptography.merkle_tree"
+
+local function quote_args(args, not_quote)
+    local quoted_args = {}
+    for _, v in ipairs(args) do
+        if type(v) == "table" and (getmetatable(v) == Hash or getmetatable(v) == MerkleTree) then
+            if not_quote then
+                table.insert(quoted_args, v:hex_string())
+            else
+                table.insert(quoted_args, '"' .. v:hex_string() .. '"')
+            end
+        elseif type(v) == "table" then
+            if v._tag == "tuple" then
+                local qa = quote_args(v, true)
+                local ca = table.concat(qa, ",")
+                local sb = "'(" .. ca .. ")'"
+                table.insert(quoted_args, sb)
+            else
+                local qa = quote_args(v, true)
+                local ca = table.concat(qa, ",")
+                local sb = "'[" .. ca .. "]'"
+                table.insert(quoted_args, sb)
+            end
+        elseif not_quote then
+            table.insert(quoted_args, tostring(v))
+        else
+            table.insert(quoted_args, '"' .. v .. '"')
+        end
+    end
+
+    return quoted_args
+end
+
+
+local Sender = {}
+Sender.__index = Sender
+
+function Sender:new(account_index)
+    local blockchain_data = require "blockchain.constants"
+
+    local sender = {
+        endpoint = blockchain_data.endpoint,
+        pk = blockchain_data.pks[account_index],
+        index = account_index,
+        tx_count = 0
+    }
+
+    setmetatable(sender, self)
+    return sender
+end
+
+local cast_send_template = [[
+cast send --private-key "%s" --rpc-url "%s" "%s" "%s" %s 2>&1
+]]
+
+function Sender:_send_tx(tournament_address, sig, args)
+    local quoted_args = quote_args(args)
+    local args_str = table.concat(quoted_args, " ")
+
+    local cmd = string.format(
+        cast_send_template,
+        self.pk,
+        self.endpoint,
+        tournament_address,
+        sig,
+        args_str
+    )
+
+    local handle = io.popen(cmd)
+    assert(handle)
+
+    local ret = handle:read "*a"
+    if ret:find "Error" then
+        handle:close()
+        error(string.format("Send transaction `%s` reverted:\n%s", sig, ret))
+    end
+
+    self.tx_count = self.tx_count + 1
+    handle:close()
+end
+
+function Sender:tx_join_tournament(tournament_address, final_state, proof, left_child, right_child)
+    local sig = [[joinTournament(bytes32,bytes32[],bytes32,bytes32)]]
+    return pcall(
+        self._send_tx,
+        self,
+        tournament_address,
+        sig,
+        { final_state, proof, left_child, right_child }
+    )
+end
+
+function Sender:tx_advance_match(
+    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, new_left, new_right
+)
+    local sig = [[advanceMatch((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32)]]
+    return pcall(
+        self._send_tx,
+        self,
+        tournament_address,
+        sig,
+        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, new_left, new_right }
+    )
+end
+
+function Sender:tx_seal_inner_match(
+    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, initial_hash, proof
+)
+    local sig =
+    [[sealInnerMatchAndCreateInnerTournament((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32[])]]
+    return pcall(
+        self._send_tx,
+        self,
+        tournament_address,
+        sig,
+        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, initial_hash:hex_string(), proof }
+    )
+end
+
+function Sender:tx_win_inner_match(tournament_address, child_tournament_address, left, right)
+    local sig =
+    [[winInnerMatch(address,bytes32,bytes32)]]
+    return pcall(
+        self._send_tx,
+        self,
+        tournament_address,
+        sig,
+        { child_tournament_address, left, right }
+    )
+end
+
+function Sender:tx_seal_leaf_match(
+    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, initial_hash, proof
+)
+    local sig =
+    [[sealLeafMatch((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32[])]]
+    return pcall(
+        self._send_tx,
+        self,
+        tournament_address,
+        sig,
+        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, initial_hash, proof }
+    )
+end
+
+function Sender:tx_win_leaf_match(
+    tournament_address, commitment_one, commitment_two, left, right, proof
+)
+    local sig =
+    [[winLeafMatch((bytes32,bytes32),bytes32,bytes32,bytes)]]
+    return pcall(
+        self._send_tx,
+        self,
+        tournament_address,
+        sig,
+        { { commitment_one, commitment_two, _tag = "tuple" }, left, right, proof }
+    )
+end
+
+return Sender
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/utils.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/utils.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d6fa0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/blockchain/utils.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+local cast_advance_template = [[
+cast rpc -r "%s" evm_increaseTime %d
+]]
+
+function advance_time(seconds, endpoint)
+    local cmd = string.format(
+        cast_advance_template,
+        endpoint,
+        seconds
+    )
+
+    local handle = io.popen(cmd)
+    assert(handle)
+    local ret = handle:read "*a"
+    handle:close()
+
+    if ret:find "Error" then
+        error(string.format("Advance time `%d`s failed:\n%s", seconds, ret))
+    end
+end
+
+return { advance_time = advance_time }
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
index b074484a..68e88b21 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/entrypoint.lua
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
 package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
 
 local machine_path = "offchain/program/simple-program"
+local FF_TIME = 30
+local IDLE_LIMIT = 5
+local INACTIVE_LIMIT = 10
 
 local helper = require 'utils.helper'
+local blockchain_utils = require "blockchain.utils"
+local time = require "utils.time"
+local blockchain_constants = require "blockchain.constants"
 local Blockchain = require "blockchain.node"
 local Machine = require "computation.machine"
-local Client = require "blockchain.client"
 
 print "Hello, world!"
 os.execute "cd offchain/program && ./gen_machine_simple.sh"
@@ -16,6 +21,7 @@ os.execute "cd offchain/program && ./gen_machine_simple.sh"
 local m = Machine:new_from_path(machine_path)
 local initial_hash = m:state().root_hash
 local blockchain = Blockchain:new()
+time.sleep(2)
 local contract = blockchain:deploy_contract(initial_hash)
 
 -- add more player instances here
@@ -42,7 +48,6 @@ setmetatable(pid_reader, {
 
 local no_active_players = 0
 local all_idle = 0
-local client = Client:new(1)
 local last_ts = [[01/01/2000 00:00:00]]
 while true do
     local players = 0
@@ -70,10 +75,10 @@ while true do
             all_idle = 0
         end
 
-        -- if all players are idle for 10 consecutive iterations, advance blockchain
-        if all_idle == 5 then
-            print("all players idle, fastforward blockchain for 30 seconds...")
-            client:advance_time(30)
+        -- if all players are idle for `IDLE_LIMIT` consecutive iterations, advance blockchain
+        if all_idle == IDLE_LIMIT then
+            print(string.format("all players idle, fastforward blockchain for %d seconds...", FF_TIME))
+            blockchain_utils.advance_time(FF_TIME, blockchain_constants.endpoint)
             all_idle = 0
         end
     end
@@ -84,8 +89,8 @@ while true do
         no_active_players = 0
     end
 
-    -- if no active player processes for 10 consecutive iterations, break loop
-    if no_active_players == 10 then
+    -- if no active player processes for `INACTIVE_LIMIT` consecutive iterations, break loop
+    if no_active_players == INACTIVE_LIMIT then
         print("no active players, end program...")
         break
     end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
index d90e8654..219fb6b5 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/dishonest_player.lua
@@ -3,26 +3,38 @@ package.path = package.path .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.lua"
 package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
 package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
 
-local Player = require "player.state"
-local Client = require "blockchain.client"
+local State = require "player.state"
 local Hash = require "cryptography.hash"
+local Sender = require "blockchain.sender"
+local HonestStrategy = require "player.honest_strategy"
 
 local time = require "utils.time"
-local strategy = require "player.strategy"
+local helper = require 'utils.helper'
 
 local player_index = tonumber(arg[1])
 local tournament = arg[2]
 local machine_path = arg[3]
 local initial_hash = Hash:from_digest_hex(arg[4])
-local p
+
+local state = State:new(tournament)
+local sender = Sender:new(player_index)
+local honest_strategy
 do
     local FakeCommitmentBuilder = require "computation.fake_commitment"
     local builder = FakeCommitmentBuilder:new(initial_hash)
-    p = Player:new(tournament, player_index, builder, machine_path)
+    honest_strategy = HonestStrategy:new(builder, machine_path, sender)
 end
 
 while true do
-    p:fetch()
-    if strategy.react_honestly(p) then break end
+    state:fetch()
+    local tx_count = sender.tx_count
+    if honest_strategy:react(state) then break end
+    -- player is considered idle if no tx sent in current iteration
+    if tx_count == sender.tx_count then
+        helper.log(player_index, "player idling")
+        helper.touch_player_idle(player_index)
+    else
+        helper.rm_player_idle(player_index)
+    end
     time.sleep(1)
 end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
index 85654729..36673b8c 100755
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_player.lua
@@ -3,25 +3,37 @@ package.path = package.path .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.lua"
 package.path = package.path .. ";./offchain/?.lua"
 package.cpath = package.cpath .. ";/opt/cartesi/lib/lua/5.4/?.so"
 
-local Player = require "player.state"
-local Client = require "blockchain.client"
+local State = require "player.state"
 local Hash = require "cryptography.hash"
+local HonestStrategy = require "player.honest_strategy"
+local Sender = require "blockchain.sender"
 
 local time = require "utils.time"
-local strategy = require "player.strategy"
+local helper = require 'utils.helper'
 
 local player_index = tonumber(arg[1])
 local tournament = arg[2]
 local machine_path = arg[3]
-local p
+
+local state = State:new(tournament)
+local sender = Sender:new(player_index)
+local honest_strategy
 do
     local CommitmentBuilder = require "computation.commitment"
     local builder = CommitmentBuilder:new(machine_path)
-    p = Player:new(tournament, player_index, builder, machine_path)
+    honest_strategy = HonestStrategy:new(builder, machine_path, sender)
 end
 
 while true do
-    p:fetch()
-    if strategy.react_honestly(p) then break end
+    state:fetch()
+    local tx_count = sender.tx_count
+    if honest_strategy:react(state) then break end
+    -- player is considered idle if no tx sent in current iteration
+    if tx_count == sender.tx_count then
+        helper.log(player_index, "player idling")
+        helper.touch_player_idle(player_index)
+    else
+        helper.rm_player_idle(player_index)
+    end
     time.sleep(1)
 end
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
similarity index 56%
rename from onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua
rename to onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
index c48cf0cf..73c984d1 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/strategy.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/honest_strategy.lua
@@ -3,67 +3,72 @@ local helper = require 'utils.helper'
 
 local Machine = require "computation.machine"
 
-local _react_match_honestly
-local _react_tournament_honestly
-
-local function _join_tournament_if_needed(player, tournament)
-    if tournament.commitment_status.clock.allowance == 0 then
-        local f, left, right = tournament.commitment:children(tournament.commitment.root_hash)
-        assert(f)
-        local last, proof = tournament.commitment:last()
-
-        helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
-            "join tournament %s of level %d with commitment %s",
-            tournament.address,
-            tournament.level,
-            tournament.commitment.root_hash
+local HonestStrategy = {}
+HonestStrategy.__index = HonestStrategy
+
+function HonestStrategy:new(commitment_builder, machine_path, sender)
+    local honest_strategy = {
+        commitment_builder = commitment_builder,
+        machine_path = machine_path,
+        sender = sender
+    }
+
+    setmetatable(honest_strategy, self)
+    return honest_strategy
+end
+
+function HonestStrategy:_join_tournament(state, tournament, commitment)
+    local f, left, right = commitment:children(commitment.root_hash)
+    assert(f)
+    local last, proof = commitment:last()
+
+    helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
+        "join tournament %s of level %d with commitment %s",
+        tournament.address,
+        tournament.level,
+        commitment.root_hash
+    ))
+    local ok, e = self.sender:tx_join_tournament(
+        tournament.address,
+        last,
+        proof,
+        left,
+        right
+    )
+    if not ok then
+        helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
+            "join tournament reverted: %s",
+            e
         ))
-        local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_join_tournament,
-            player.client,
-            tournament.address,
-            last,
-            proof,
-            left,
-            right
-        )
-        if not ok then
-            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
-                "join tournament reverted: %s",
-                e
-            ))
-        end
-    else
-        helper.touch_player_idle(player.player_index)
     end
 end
 
-_react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
+function HonestStrategy:_react_match(state, match, commitment)
     -- TODO call timeout if needed
 
-    helper.log(player.player_index, "HEIGHT: " .. match.current_height)
+    helper.log(self.sender.index, "Enter match at HEIGHT: " .. match.current_height)
     if match.current_height == 0 then
         -- match sealed
         if match.tournament.level == 1 then
             local f, left, right = commitment.root_hash:children()
             assert(f)
 
-            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                 "Calculating access logs for step %s",
                 match.running_leaf
             ))
 
             local cycle = (match.running_leaf >> constants.log2_uarch_span):touinteger()
             local ucycle = (match.running_leaf & constants.uarch_span):touinteger()
-            local logs = Machine:get_logs(player.machine_path, cycle, ucycle)
+            local logs = Machine:get_logs(self.machine_path, cycle, ucycle)
 
-            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                 "win leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
                 commitment.root_hash
             ))
-            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_win_leaf_match,
-                player.client,
+            local ok, e = self.sender:tx_win_leaf_match(
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.commitment_one,
                 match.commitment_two,
@@ -72,19 +77,18 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
                 logs
             )
             if not ok then
-                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                     "win leaf match reverted: %s",
                     e
                 ))
             end
-        else
-            return _react_tournament_honestly(player, match.inner_tournament)
+        elseif match.inner_tournament then
+            return self:_react_tournament(state, match.inner_tournament)
         end
     elseif match.current_height == 1 then
         -- match to be sealed
         local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
         if not found then
-            helper.touch_player_idle(player.player_index)
             return
         end
 
@@ -96,14 +100,13 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
         end
 
         if match.tournament.level == 1 then
-            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                 "seal leaf match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
                 commitment.root_hash
             ))
-            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_seal_leaf_match,
-                player.client,
+            local ok, e = self.sender:tx_seal_leaf_match(
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.commitment_one,
                 match.commitment_two,
@@ -113,20 +116,19 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
                 proof
             )
             if not ok then
-                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                     "seal leaf match reverted: %s",
                     e
                 ))
             end
         else
-            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                 "seal inner match in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.tournament.level,
                 commitment.root_hash
             ))
-            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_seal_inner_match,
-                player.client,
+            local ok, e = self.sender:tx_seal_inner_match(
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.commitment_one,
                 match.commitment_two,
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
                 proof
             )
             if not ok then
-                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                     "seal inner match reverted: %s",
                     e
                 ))
@@ -146,7 +148,6 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
         -- match running
         local found, left, right = match.current_other_parent:children()
         if not found then
-            helper.touch_player_idle(player.player_index)
             return
         end
 
@@ -161,15 +162,14 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
             assert(f)
         end
 
-        helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+        helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
             "advance match with current height %d in tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
             match.current_height,
             match.tournament.address,
             match.tournament.level,
             commitment.root_hash
         ))
-        local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_advance_match,
-            player.client,
+        local ok, e = self.sender:tx_advance_match(
             match.tournament.address,
             match.commitment_one,
             match.commitment_two,
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
             new_right
         )
         if not ok then
-            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                 "advance match reverted: %s",
                 e
             ))
@@ -187,45 +187,52 @@ _react_match_honestly = function(player, match, commitment)
     end
 end
 
-_react_tournament_honestly = function(player, tournament)
+function HonestStrategy:_react_tournament(state, tournament)
+    helper.log(self.sender.index, "Enter tournament at address: " .. tournament.address)
+    local commitment = self.commitment_builder:build(
+        tournament.base_big_cycle,
+        tournament.level
+    )
+
     local tournament_winner = tournament.tournament_winner
     if tournament_winner[1] == "true" then
         if not tournament.parent then
-            helper.log(player.player_index, "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY")
-            helper.log(player.player_index, "Winner commitment: " .. tournament_winner[2]:hex_string())
-            helper.log(player.player_index, "Final state: " .. tournament_winner[3]:hex_string())
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, "TOURNAMENT FINISHED, HURRAYYY")
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, "Winner commitment: " .. tournament_winner[2]:hex_string())
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, "Final state: " .. tournament_winner[3]:hex_string())
             return true
         else
-            local old_commitment = tournament.parent.commitment
+            local old_commitment = self.commitment_builder:build(
+                tournament.parent.base_big_cycle,
+                tournament.parent.level
+            )
             if tournament_winner[2] ~= old_commitment.root_hash then
-                helper.log(player.player_index, "player lost tournament")
-                player.has_lost = true
-                return
+                helper.log(self.sender.index, "player lost tournament")
+                return true
             end
 
-            if tournament.called_win then
-                helper.log(player.player_index, "player already called winInnerMatch")
+            if tournament.commitments[commitment.root_hash].called_win then
+                helper.log(self.sender.index, "player already called winInnerMatch")
                 return
             else
-                tournament.called_win = true
+                tournament.commitments[commitment.root_hash].called_win = true
             end
 
-            helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+            helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                 "win tournament %s of level %d for commitment %s",
                 tournament.address,
                 tournament.level,
-                tournament.commitment.root_hash
+                commitment.root_hash
             ))
             local _, left, right = old_commitment:children(old_commitment.root_hash)
-            local ok, e = pcall(player.client.tx_win_inner_match,
-                player.client,
+            local ok, e = self.sender:tx_win_inner_match(
                 tournament.parent.address,
                 tournament.address,
                 left,
                 right
             )
             if not ok then
-                helper.log(player.player_index, string.format(
+                helper.log(self.sender.index, string.format(
                     "win inner match reverted: %s",
                     e
                 ))
@@ -234,20 +241,18 @@ _react_tournament_honestly = function(player, tournament)
         end
     end
 
-    if not tournament.latest_match then
-        _join_tournament_if_needed(player, tournament)
+    if not tournament.commitments[commitment.root_hash] then
+        self:_join_tournament(state, tournament, commitment)
     else
-        _react_match_honestly(player, tournament.latest_match, tournament.commitment)
+        local latest_match = tournament.commitments[commitment.root_hash].latest_match
+        if latest_match then
+            return self:_react_match(state, latest_match, commitment)
+        end
     end
 end
 
-local function _react_honestly(player)
-    if player.has_lost then
-        return true
-    end
-    return _react_tournament_honestly(player, player.root_tournament)
+function HonestStrategy:react(state)
+    return self:_react_tournament(state, state.root_tournament)
 end
 
-return {
-    react_honestly = _react_honestly
-}
+return HonestStrategy
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua
index de1a2d5f..7f009538 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/player/state.lua
@@ -1,77 +1,72 @@
 local constants = require "constants"
 local bint = require 'utils.bint' (256) -- use 256 bits integers
 
-local Client = require "blockchain.client"
+local Reader = require "blockchain.reader"
 
-local Player = {}
-Player.__index = Player
+local State = {}
+State.__index = State
 
-function Player:new(root_tournament_address, player_index, commitment_builder, machine_path)
-    local player = {
-        machine_path = machine_path,
+function State:new(root_tournament_address)
+    local state = {
         root_tournament = {
             base_big_cycle = 0,
             address = root_tournament_address,
             level = constants.levels,
             parent = false,
-            commitment = false,
-            commitment_status = {},
-            tournament_winner = {},
-            latest_match = {},
+            commitments = {},
+            matches = {},
+            tournament_winner = {}
         },
-        client = Client:new(player_index),
-        commitment_builder = commitment_builder,
-        player_index = player_index
+        reader = Reader:new()
     }
 
-    setmetatable(player, self)
-    return player
+    setmetatable(state, self)
+    return state
 end
 
-function Player:fetch()
+function State:fetch()
     return self:_fetch_tournament(self.root_tournament)
 end
 
-function Player:_fetch_tournament(tournament)
-    local commitment = tournament.commitment
-    if not commitment then
-        commitment = self.commitment_builder:build(
-            tournament.base_big_cycle,
-            tournament.level
-        )
-        tournament.commitment = commitment
-    end
+function State:_fetch_tournament(tournament)
+    local matches =  self:_matches(tournament)
+    local commitments = self.reader:read_commitment_joined(tournament.address)
 
-    if not tournament.parent then
-        tournament.tournament_winner = self.client:root_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
-    else
-        tournament.tournament_winner = self.client:inner_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
+    for _, log in ipairs(commitments) do
+        local root = log.root
+        local status = self.reader:read_commitment(tournament.address, root)
+        tournament.commitments[root] = { status = status, latest_match = false }
     end
 
-    tournament.latest_match =  self:_latest_match(tournament)
+    for _, match in ipairs(matches) do
+        if match then
+            self:_fetch_match(match)
+            tournament.commitments[match.commitment_one].latest_match = match
+            tournament.commitments[match.commitment_two].latest_match = match
+        end
+    end
+    tournament.matches = matches
 
-    if not tournament.latest_match then
-        tournament.commitment_status = self.client:read_commitment(tournament.address, commitment.root_hash)
+    if not tournament.parent then
+        tournament.tournament_winner = self.reader:root_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
     else
-        self:_fetch_match(tournament.latest_match, commitment)
+        tournament.tournament_winner = self.reader:inner_tournament_winner(tournament.address)
     end
 end
 
-function Player:_fetch_match(match, commitment)
+function State:_fetch_match(match)
     if match.current_height == 0 then
         -- match sealed
         if match.tournament.level == 1 then
-            local f, left, right = commitment.root_hash:children()
-            assert(f)
 
             match.finished =
-                self.client:match(match.tournament.address, match.match_id_hash)[1]:is_zero()
+                self.reader:match(match.tournament.address, match.match_id_hash)[1]:is_zero()
 
             if match.finished then
-                match.delay = tonumber(self.client:maximum_delay(match.tournament.address)[1])
+                match.delay = tonumber(self.reader:maximum_delay(match.tournament.address)[1])
             end
         else
-            local address = self.client:read_tournament_created(
+            local address = self.reader:read_tournament_created(
                 match.tournament.address,
                 match.match_id_hash
             ).new_tournament
@@ -81,6 +76,7 @@ function Player:_fetch_match(match, commitment)
             new_tournament.level = match.tournament.level - 1
             new_tournament.parent = match.tournament
             new_tournament.base_big_cycle = match.base_big_cycle
+            new_tournament.commitments = {}
             match.inner_tournament = new_tournament
 
             return self:_fetch_tournament(new_tournament)
@@ -88,32 +84,31 @@ function Player:_fetch_match(match, commitment)
     end
 end
 
-function Player:_latest_match(tournament)
-    local commitment = tournament.commitment
-    local matches = self.client:read_match_created(tournament.address, commitment.root_hash)
-    local last_match = matches[#matches]
-
-    if not last_match then return false end
+function State:_matches(tournament)
+    local matches = self.reader:read_match_created(tournament.address)
 
-    local m = self.client:match(tournament.address, last_match.match_id_hash)
-    if m[1]:is_zero() and m[2]:is_zero() and m[3]:is_zero() then
-        return false
+    for k, match in ipairs(matches) do
+        local m = self.reader:match(tournament.address, match.match_id_hash)
+        if m[1]:is_zero() and m[2]:is_zero() and m[3]:is_zero() then
+            matches[k] = false
+        else
+            match.current_other_parent = m[1]
+            match.current_left = m[2]
+            match.current_right = m[3]
+            match.running_leaf = bint(m[4])
+            match.current_height = tonumber(m[5])
+            match.level = tonumber(m[6])
+            match.tournament = tournament
+
+            local level = tournament.level
+            local base = bint(tournament.base_big_cycle)
+            local step = bint(1) << constants.log2step[level]
+            match.leaf_cycle = base + (step * match.running_leaf)
+            match.base_big_cycle = (match.leaf_cycle >> constants.log2_uarch_span):touinteger()
+        end
     end
-    last_match.current_other_parent = m[1]
-    last_match.current_left = m[2]
-    last_match.current_right = m[3]
-    last_match.running_leaf = bint(m[4])
-    last_match.current_height = tonumber(m[5])
-    last_match.level = tonumber(m[6])
-    last_match.tournament = tournament
-
-    local level = tournament.level
-    local base = bint(tournament.base_big_cycle)
-    local step = bint(1) << constants.log2step[level]
-    last_match.leaf_cycle = base + (step * last_match.running_leaf)
-    last_match.base_big_cycle = (last_match.leaf_cycle >> constants.log2_uarch_span):touinteger()
-
-    return last_match
+
+    return matches
 end
 
-return Player
+return State
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua
index 6dca7d41..8410296b 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/offchain/utils/helper.lua
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 local color = require "utils.color"
 
 local names = {'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'pink', 'cyan', 'white'}
-local idle_template = [[ls player%d_idle 2> /dev/null | grep player%d_idle | wc -l]]
+local idle_template = [[ls player%d_idle 2>/dev/null | grep player%d_idle | wc -l]]
 local ps_template = [[ps %s | grep defunct | wc -l]]
 
 local function log(player_index, msg)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ local function is_player_idle(player_index)
 end
 
 local function rm_player_idle(player_index)
-    os.execute(string.format("rm player%d_idle", player_index))
+    os.execute(string.format("rm player%d_idle 2>/dev/null", player_index))
 end
 
 local function all_players_idle(pid_player)
@@ -89,5 +89,6 @@ return {
     stop_players = stop_players,
     touch_player_idle = touch_player_idle,
     all_players_idle = all_players_idle,
-    rm_all_players_idle = rm_all_players_idle
+    rm_all_players_idle = rm_all_players_idle,
+    rm_player_idle = rm_player_idle
 }
diff --git a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/src/tournament/abstracts/Tournament.sol b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/src/tournament/abstracts/Tournament.sol
index bd75fcff..3874fe0e 100644
--- a/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/src/tournament/abstracts/Tournament.sol
+++ b/onchain/permissionless-arbitration/src/tournament/abstracts/Tournament.sol
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ abstract contract Tournament {
         Tree.Node indexed two,
         Tree.Node leftOfTwo
     );
+    event commitmentJoined(Tree.Node root);
 
 
     //
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@ abstract contract Tournament {
         _clock.setNewPaused(startInstant, allowance);
 
         pairCommitment(_commitmentRoot, _clock, _leftNode, _rightNode);
+        emit commitmentJoined(_commitmentRoot);
     }
 
     /// @notice Advance the match until the smallest divergence is found at current level