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indonesian.tdl
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;;; -*- Mode: TDL; Coding: utf-8 -*-
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;; Grammar of Indonesian
;;; created at:
;;; Wed Apr 22 13:14:22 UTC 2015
;;; based on Matrix customization system version of:
;;; Fri Feb 6 23:12:14 UTC 2015
;;;
;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; SSH 2014-10-24: for chart mapping
;; MATRIX REDEFINITION
;; make STEM of type orthog(raphy) to pass up from/to/form
sign-min := avm &
[ STEM orthog ].
orthog := cons &
[ FROM string,
TO string ].
; Type assigning empty mod list. Added to basic types for nouns, verbs and determiners.
non-mod-lex-item := lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.MOD < > ].
;; DVM 2015-08-18: added mrs
hook :+
[ SPEAKER-KEY ref-ind,
HEARER-KEY ref-ind ].
quant_rel := predsort.
pronoun_n_rel := predsort.
def_q_rel := quant_rel.
;the_q_rel := def_q_rel.
exist_q_rel := quant_rel.
;poss_rel := quant_rel.
pronoun_q_rel := quant_rel.
proper_q_rel := quant_rel.
indef_q_rel := quant_rel.
;; DVM 2018-12-26: for "apa", "siapa" etc.
which_q_rel := quant_rel.
;; DVM 2015-05-09: added decomposed words
demon_q_rel := quant_rel.
proximal_q_rel := demon_q_rel.
dist_q_rel := demon_q_rel.
medial_q_rel := dist_q_rel.
remote_q_rel := dist_q_rel.
generic_n_rel := predsort.
entity_n_rel := generic_n_rel.
person_n_rel := entity_n_rel.
benda+hal_n_rel := entity_n_rel.
benda_n_rel := benda+hal_n_rel.
hal_n_rel := benda+hal_n_rel.
time_n_rel := generic_n_rel.
; where
place_n_rel := generic_n_rel.
; why
reason_n_rel := generic_n_rel.
; how
manner_n_rel := generic_n_rel.
; how many/much
measure_n_rel := generic_n_rel.
;; FCB & DVM 2016-02-17 : semantic hierarchy for copulas
copula_v_rel := predsort.
cop_v_zero_rel := copula_v_rel.
_cop_v_ialah_rel := copula_v_rel.
_cop_v_adalah_rel := copula_v_rel.
_cop_v_merupakan_rel := copula_v_rel.
_cop_v_menjadi_rel := copula_v_rel.
;; DVM 2016-05-17: make "neg_rel" as a type
neg_rel := predsort.
;; DVM 2016-05-17: added from zhong.tdl for noun-noun compound (cpd)
cpd := icons.
noun-noun := cpd.
;; DVM 2015-08-18: added from zhong.tdl
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; SSH 2015-05-24
;; CTXT (Honorification)
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
dialogue := icons.
addressor := dialogue.
addressee := dialogue.
rank := icons.
higher-or-equal := rank.
lower-or-equal := rank.
higher := higher-or-equal.
lower := lower-or-equal.
equal := higher-or-equal & lower-or-equal.
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;; Matrix Type Addenda
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
head :+ [ HONORIFIC luk,
AUX bool,
FORM form,
MODIFIABLE bool,
EMPTY bool ].
; This grammar includes head-modifier rules. To keep
; out extraneous parses, constrain the value of MOD on
; various subtypes of head. This may need to be loosened later.
; This constraint says that only adverbs, adjectives,
; and adpositions can be modifiers.
topic-comment :+ [ SYNSEM.L-PERIPH +, NON-HEAD-DTR.SYNSEM.L-PERIPH + ].
+nvcdmo :+ [ MOD < > ].
inflected :+ [ VOICE-FLAG luk ].
infl-satisfied :+ [ VOICE-FLAG na-or-+ ].
png :+ [ PERNUM pernum,
ANIMCOUNT animcount ].
basic-head-comp-phrase :+ [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.MC #mc,
HEAD-DTR.SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.MC #mc ].
basic-head-mod-phrase-simple :+ [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.MC #mc,
NON-HEAD-DTR.SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.MC #mc ].
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;; Features
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;; Pernum
pernum := *top*.
sg := pernum.
pl := pernum.
incl := pernum.
excl := pernum.
1st := pernum.
2nd := pernum.
3rd := pernum.
1sg := 1st & sg.
2sg := 2nd & sg.
3sg := 3rd & sg.
1pl_incl := 1st & pl & incl.
1pl_excl := 1st & pl & excl.
2pl := 2nd & pl.
3pl := 3rd & pl.
;indet := pernum.
;1indet := 1st & indet.
;2indet := 2nd & indet.
;3indet := 3rd & indet.
;;; Animacy/Countability
;;; DVM 2017-12-19: change animacy to animcount
animcount := *top*.
countable := animcount.
uncountable := animcount.
animate := countable.
inanimate := countable.
human := animate.
non-human := animate.
;;; Form
form := *top*.
nonfinite := form.
finite := form.
;;; Tense
;; FCB & DVM 2015-10-28: added nonfuture for copula constructions
;; DVM 2018-01-03: change nonfuture to no-tensed
no-tensed := tense.
tensed := tense.
future := tensed.
past := tensed.
present := tensed.
;;; Aspect
;; FCB & DVM 2015-10-28: added non-perf-and-prog for copula constructions
;perf-and-prog := aspect.
non-perf-and-prog := aspect.
;perf := perf-and-prog.
;prog := perf-and-prog.
perf := aspect.
prog := aspect.
perf-and-prog := perf & prog.
prog-non-perf-and-prog := prog & non-perf-and-prog.
;;; Noun
;; DVM 2016-02-13: separate proper names and pronouns from other nouns for copula verb "merupakan"
;; DVM 2017-09-19: separate noun into dem(onstratives) and nondem(onstratives) so that "buku ini" only has one parse tree
;commonnoun := nondemnoun.
;propername := nondemnoun.
;pronoun := nondemnoun.
;demnoun := noun.
;nondemnoun := noun.
;nounpro := commonnoun & pronoun.
;; DVM 2017-03-23: the agent for passive type 1 is 3rd person nouns
;3person-noun := commonnoun & propername & pronoun-3person.
;; DVM 2017-12-17: the new noun type hierarchy
;; DVM 2018-12-05: add idiom
idiom := noun.
non-idiom := noun.
comp-noun := non-idiom.
pass1agent := non-idiom.
pass2agent := non-idiom.
;noun-poss := non-idiom.
;possessor := noun-poss.
possessor := non-idiom.
subj-noun := comp-noun.
enclitic := possessor & comp-noun.
proclitic := pass2agent.
enclitic-3person := enclitic & pass1agent.
enclitic-non3person := enclitic.
pronoun-super := subj-noun & pass2agent & possessor.
demnoun := subj-noun.
dependent-noun := subj-noun & pass1agent.
pronoun-substitute := dependent-noun & pronoun-super.
pronoun := pronoun-super.
;commonnoun := dependent-noun & noun-poss.
commonnoun := dependent-noun.
propername := pronoun-substitute.
;; DVM 2017-03-23: separate 3rd person pronouns and non 3rd person pronouns for passive type 1 and 2
pronoun-3person := pronoun & pass1agent.
pronoun-non3person := pronoun.
nounbare := commonnoun.
nounpos := commonnoun.
nounnyadef := commonnoun.
nounnyapos := nounpos.
;;; Verb
;; DVM 2017-03-24: make three groups for verb: active, passive type 1, and passive type 2
aux := verb.
non-aux := verb.
existential := non-aux.
pass2 := non-aux.
copula := non-aux.
control-raising-comp-verb := non-aux.
passive-two := pass2.
passive-ku := pass2.
passive-kau := pass2.
copula-stative := copula.
copula-dynamic := copula & control-raising-comp-verb.
compound-verb := control-raising-comp-verb.
locative := control-raising-comp-verb.
intransitive := compound-verb.
transitive := compound-verb.
pass1 := transitive.
non-pass1 := transitive.
;;; Adjective
adjcontrol := adj.
adj-number := adj.
;;; Adposition
;; DVM 2017-03-24: make a new group for semantically empty "oleh" (by)
nonoleh-adp := adp.
oleh-adp := adp.
;;; Adposition rel
prep_rel := predsort.
compound_p_rel := prep_rel.
fromto_p_rel := prep_rel.
poss_rel := prep_rel.
;; DVM 2017-05-09: add new serial verb construction (svc) predicate relation
svc_p_rel := prep_rel.
svc_coord_p_rel := prep_rel.
svc_result_p_rel := prep_rel.
;; DVM 2017-08-22: add adj+adj compound
adj_coord_p_rel := prep_rel.
;; Determiner
;; DVM 2017-08-19: for quantifiers
det-non-nya := det.
det-quant := det-non-nya.
det-nonquant := det-non-nya.
det-nya := det.
;; Conjunction
phr-conj := conj.
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;; Lexical Types
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;; Noun
noun-lex := basic-noun-lex & basic-one-arg & no-hcons-lex-item & non-mod-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL [ SPR < #spr &
[ LOCAL.CAT.HEAD det ] >,
COMPS < >,
SUBJ < >,
SPEC < > ],
ARG-ST < #spr > ].
;no-spr-noun-lex := noun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.SPR < [ OPT + ] > ].
; Nouns which cannot take specifiers mark their SPR requirement
; as OPT +. Making the non-head daughter OPT - in this rule
; keeps such nouns out.
;
; Rules for building NPs. Note that the Matrix uses SPR for
; the specifier of nouns and SUBJ for the subject (specifier) of verbs.
head-spec-phrase := basic-head-spec-phrase & head-initial &
[ NON-HEAD-DTR.SYNSEM.OPT - ].
; DVM 2017-11-01: semua is better to be analyzed as ADJ, similar to numbers
; DVM 2017-08-19: for quantifiers e.g. semua buku, HEAD is det-quant and the phrase is head final
; cf. buku itu which is head-initial (see above)
head-spec-q-phrase := basic-head-spec-phrase & head-final &
[ NON-HEAD-DTR.SYNSEM [ OPT -,
LOCAL.CAT.HEAD det-quant ] ].
; DVM 2017-11-03: add HEAD commonnoun
common-noun-lex := noun-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD commonnoun,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3rd ] ].
;; DVM 2016-02-13: change the HEAD from "noun" to "propername"
;; DVM 2016-02-16: added the information of PERNUM sg
proper-name-lex := basic-one-arg & basic-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD propername,
VAL [ COMPS < >,
SUBJ < >,
SPR < > ] ],
CONT [ HOOK.INDEX #index &
[ PNG [ PERNUM pernum,
ANIMCOUNT countable ]],
RELS <! relation & #keyrel &
[ LBL #larg,
ARG0 #index ],
quant-relation &
[ PRED "proper_q_rel",
ARG0 #index,
RSTR #harg ] !>,
HCONS <! qeq &
[ HARG #harg,
LARG #larg ] !> ] ],
NON-LOCAL.SLASH 0-dlist,
LKEYS.KEYREL #keyrel & named-relation ] ].
;hon-lex := lex-item &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.HON + ].
basic-pronoun-lex := basic-one-arg & norm-hook-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD [ MOD <> ],
VAL [ COMPS < >,
SUBJ < >,
SPR < > ] ],
CONT [ RELS.LIST.FIRST #rel ] ],
LKEYS.KEYREL noun-relation & #rel & [ PRED "pronoun_n_rel" ] ] ].
;pronoun-lex := basic-pronoun-lex & no-hcons-lex-item &
; basic-icons-lex-item &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.RELS <! relation !> ].
;; DVM 2015-08-18: added from zhong-lextypes.tdl
;; from here
pronoun-lex := basic-pronoun-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT [ RELS <! relation & [ARG0 #x, LBL #h],
[ PRED pronoun_q_rel,
ARG0 #x, RSTR #h2 ] !> ,
HCONS <! qeq & [ LARG #h, HARG #h2 ] !> ] ].
personal-pronoun-lex := pronoun-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>pronomina persona atau pronomina takrif
<ex>Adi
<ex>Budi
<nex>guru
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD pronoun ].
;proclitic-pronoun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD proclitic ].
enclitic-pronoun-lex := pronoun-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD enclitic ].
speaker-lex-item := basic-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK [ INDEX #index,
SPEAKER-KEY #index ] ].
non-honorific-hearer-lex-item := basic-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK [ INDEX #index,
HEARER-KEY #index ] ].
honorific-hearer-lex-item := lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT [ HOOK [ INDEX #index,
SPEAKER-KEY #skey,
HEARER-KEY #index ],
ICONS <! higher & [ IARG1 #skey,
IARG2 #index ] !> ] ].
;; until here
;pronoun-noun-lex := noun-lex.
uncountable-noun-lex := common-noun-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>nomina tak terbilang
nomina yang tidak dapat didampingi oleh numeralia
<ex>air
<ex>udara
<nex>rumah
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT uncountable ].
countable-noun-lex := common-noun-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>nomina terbilang
nomina yang dapat dihitung, dapat didampingi oleh numeralia
<ex>rumah
<nex>air
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT countable ].
inanimate-noun-lex := countable-noun-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>nomina tak bernyawa
nomina yang dapat didahului kata penggolong 'buah'
<ex>apel
<ex>rumah
<nex>guru
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT inanimate ].
inanimate-plural-noun-lex := inanimate-noun-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM pl ].
animate-noun-lex := countable-noun-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>nomina bernyawa
kelompok nomina yang terdiri atas: nomina persona (insan) dan nomina non-persona
<ex>guru
<ex>semut
<nex>rumah
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT animate ].
nonhuman-noun-lex := animate-noun-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>nomina non-persona
nomina yang dapat didahului kata penggolong 'ekor'
<ex>kucing
<nex>guru
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT non-human ].
nonhuman-plural-noun-lex := nonhuman-noun-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM pl ].
human-noun-lex := animate-noun-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>nomina persona (insan)
nomina yang dapat didahului kata penggolong 'orang'
<ex>guru
<nex>semut
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT human ].
human-plural-noun-lex := human-noun-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM pl ].
;proper-noun-lex := noun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3rd ].
;; DVM 2015-05-09: pronoun-noun-lex is changed to pronoun-lex
;; DVM 2015-05-09: pronouns cannot be modified by adjectives
;; DVM 2015-08-18: made some modifications, based on zhong-letypes.tdl
;pronoun-1st-sg-nohon-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1sg,
; CAT.HEAD.HONORIFIC - ] ].
;pronoun-1st-sg-hon-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1sg,
; CAT.HEAD.HONORIFIC + ] ].
;pronoun-1st-pl-incl-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1pl_incl ].
;pronoun-1st-pl-excl-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1pl_excl ].
;pronoun-2nd-sg-nohon-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2sg,
; CAT.HEAD.HONORIFIC - ] ].
;pronoun-2nd-sg-hon-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2sg,
; CAT.HEAD.HONORIFIC + ] ].
;pronoun-3rd-sg-nohon-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3sg,
; CAT.HEAD.HONORIFIC - ] ].
;pronoun-3rd-sg-hon-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3sg,
; CAT.HEAD.HONORIFIC + ] ].
;pronoun-2nd-pl-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2pl ].
;pronoun-3rd-pl-noun-lex := pronoun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3pl ].
pronoun-1st-sg-nohon-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & speaker-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1sg ] ].
;proclitic-pronoun-1st-sg-nohon-noun-lex := proclitic-pronoun-lex & speaker-lex-item &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1sg ].
enclitic-pronoun-1st-sg-nohon-noun-lex := enclitic-pronoun-lex & speaker-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD enclitic-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1sg ] ].
pronoun-1st-sg-hon-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & speaker-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1sg ] ].
pronoun-1st-pl-incl-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & basic-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1pl_incl ] ].
pronoun-1st-pl-excl-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & basic-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 1pl_excl ] ].
pronoun-2nd-sg-nohon-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & non-honorific-hearer-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2sg ] ].
;proclitic-pronoun-2nd-sg-nohon-noun-lex := proclitic-pronoun-lex & non-honorific-hearer-lex-item &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2sg ].
enclitic-pronoun-2nd-sg-nohon-noun-lex := enclitic-pronoun-lex & non-honorific-hearer-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD enclitic-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2sg ] ].
pronoun-2nd-sg-hon-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & honorific-hearer-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2sg ] ].
pronoun-3rd-sg-nohon-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & non-honorific-hearer-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3sg ] ].
enclitic-pronoun-3rd-sg-nohon-noun-lex := enclitic-pronoun-lex & non-honorific-hearer-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD enclitic-3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3sg ] ].
pronoun-3rd-sg-hon-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & honorific-hearer-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3sg ] ].
pronoun-2nd-pl-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & non-honorific-hearer-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-non3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 2pl ] ].
pronoun-3rd-pl-noun-lex := personal-pronoun-lex & basic-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD pronoun-3person,
CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3pl ] ].
;; DVM 2015-05-09: demonstratives
;; DVM 2015-05-09: pronoun-noun-lex is changed to no-spr-noun-lex
;; demonstratives cannot be modified by adjectives
;; ini tua "old this" is considered not grammatical
;demonstrative-pronoun-noun-lex := no-spr-noun-lex.
;demonstrative-pronoun-pl-noun-lex := no-spr-noun-lex &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM 3pl ].
;;; Verbs
; verb-lex is HC-LIGHT - to allow us to pick out
;
; lexical Vs for V-level attachment of negative adverbs.
verb-lex := non-mod-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD verb,
HC-LIGHT - ] ].
indonesian-verb-lex := verb-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD.AUX -,
VAL [ SPR < >,
SPEC < >,
SUBJ < #subj > ] ],
CONT.HOOK.XARG #xarg ],
ARG-ST.FIRST #subj &
[ LOCAL [ CAT.VAL [ SPR < >,
COMPS < > ],
CONT.HOOK.INDEX #xarg ] ] ].
main-verb-lex := indonesian-verb-lex & basic-verb-lex &
[ ARG-ST.FIRST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD subj-noun ].
aux-lex := verb-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD aux & [ AUX + ] ].
intransitive-verb-lex := main-verb-lex & intransitive-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD intransitive,
VAL.COMPS < > ] ].
transitive-verb-lex := main-verb-lex & transitive-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD transitive,
VAL.COMPS < #comps > ],
ARG-ST < [ ],
#comps &
[ LOCAL.CAT [ VAL [ SPR < >,
COMPS < > ],
POSTHEAD + ] ] > ].
;; DVM 2018-01-04: passive-one-transitive-lex-item based on transitive-lex-item in matrix.tdl
passive-transitive-lex-item := basic-two-arg-no-hcons & two-icons-lex-item &
[ ARG-ST < [ LOCAL.CONT.HOOK [ INDEX ref-ind & #ind1,
ICONS-KEY #icons1 ] ],
[ LOCAL.CONT.HOOK [ INDEX ref-ind & #ind2,
ICONS-KEY #icons2 ] ] >,
SYNSEM [ LKEYS.KEYREL [ ARG1 #ind2,
ARG2 #ind1 ],
LOCAL.CONT [ HOOK.CLAUSE-KEY #clause,
ICONS <! focus-or-topic & #icons1 & [ IARG1 #clause,
IARG2 #ind1 ],
non-topic & #icons2 & [ IARG1 #clause,
IARG2 #ind2 ] !> ] ] ].
; DVM 2017-03-23: for passive type 1 without "oleh"
passive-one-verb-lex := passive-transitive-lex-item & main-verb-lex &
[ ARG-ST < [ ],
#comps &
[ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD pass1agent,
POSTHEAD +,
VAL [ SPR < >,
COMPS < > ] ] ] ] >,
SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD pass1,
VAL.COMPS < #comps > ] ] ] ].
; DVM 2017-03-24: for passive type 2
passive-two-verb-lex := passive-transitive-lex-item & main-verb-lex &
[ ARG-ST < [ ],
#comps &
[ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD pass2agent,
POSTHEAD -,
VAL [ SPR < >,
COMPS < > ] ] ] ] >,
SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ VAL.COMPS < #comps > ] ] ] ].
; DVM 2017-03-23: the old tr-verb-lex
;tr-verb-lex := transitive-verb-lex &
; [ INFLECTED.VOICE-FLAG - ].
; DVM 2017-03-23: the new tr-verb-lex
; tr-verb-lex := basic-two-arg-no-hcons & basic-icons-lex-item & basic-verb-lex &
tr-verb-lex := basic-two-arg-no-hcons & basic-verb-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>verba monotransitif atau verba ekatransitif
verba yang memerlukan satu nomina sebagai objek dalam kalimat aktif dan objek tersebut dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek dalam kalimat pasif
<ex>Saya mengejar Budi.
<nex>Saya makan.
<nex>Budi tidur.
"""
[ INFLECTED.VOICE-FLAG - ].
tr-verb-in-lex := tr-verb-lex.
intr-verb-lex := intransitive-verb-lex
"""
<name lang='id'>verba intransitif
<ex>Budi tidur.
<nex>Adi mengejar Budi.
"""
.
; DVM 2017-12-20: HEAD is subj-noun to prevent *saya makannya from parsing
opt-tr-verb-lex := transitive-verb-lex &
"""
<name lang='id'>verba semitransitif
verba yang objeknya boleh ada dan boleh juga tidak
<ex>Saya makan.
<ex>Saya makan nasi.
<nex>Saya mengejar Budi.
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.COMPS.FIRST.OPT + ].
;; DVM 2017-08-22 : for verbs taking two arguments but cannot be passivized such as "terdiri dari"
non-opt-tr-verb-lex := transitive-verb-lex &
"""
verba taktransitif berpelengkap wajib
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.COMPS < [ OPT -,
LOCAL.CAT.HEAD subj-noun ] > ].
opt-tr-np-comp-verb-lex := opt-tr-verb-lex &
"""
verba taktransitif berpelengkap manasuka
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.COMPS < [ LOCAL.CAT.HEAD subj-noun ] > ].
opt-tr-pp-comp-verb-lex := opt-tr-verb-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.COMPS < [ LOCAL.CAT.HEAD nonoleh-adp ] > ].
;; DVM 2017-09-07 : for relational verbs such as "berkerabat (dg)", "bersahabat (dg)"
;; DVM 2018-01-04 : relational-verb-lex and v_pp*_dir_le need to be constrained in the future.
relational-verb-lex := opt-tr-pp-comp-verb-lex.
#|
v_pp*_dir_le := opt-tr-pp-comp-verb-lex
"""Cmps PP(opt,dir)
<ex>B merangkak ke dalam kamar."""
.
|#
v_pp*_dir_le := opt-tr-pp-comp-verb-lex.
;;; Auxiliaries
subj-raise-aux := aux-lex & trans-first-arg-raising-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT [ VAL [ SPR < >,
SPEC < >,
COMPS < #comps >,
SUBJ < #subj > ] ],
CONT.HOOK.XARG #xarg ],
ARG-ST < #subj &
[ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD subj-noun,
VAL [ SUBJ < >,
SPR < >,
SPEC < >,
COMPS < > ] ],
CONT.HOOK.INDEX #xarg ] ],
#comps &
[ LOCAL.CAT [ VAL [ SUBJ < [ ] >,
COMPS < >,
SPR 0-1-list,
SPEC < > ],
POSTHEAD +,
HEAD +vjp ] ] > ].
subj-raise-aux-with-pred := subj-raise-aux & norm-sem-lex-item & trans-first-arg-raising-lex-item-1.
;;DVM 2018-01-02: delete this line [ ARG-ST < [ ], [ LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD.AUX -,
;;so that INDRA can parse "akan harus"
subj-raise-aux-no-pred := subj-raise-aux & raise-sem-lex-item & no-icons-lex-item.
aspect_perf-aux-lex := subj-raise-aux-no-pred &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD.FORM finite,
VAL [ SPR < >,
COMPS.FIRST.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.E.ASPECT perf,
CAT.HEAD [ AUX -,
FORM form ] ] ] ] ].
aspect_prog-aux-lex := subj-raise-aux-no-pred &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD.FORM finite,
VAL.COMPS.FIRST.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.E.ASPECT prog,
CAT.HEAD [ AUX -,
FORM form ] ] ] ].
;;DVM 2018-01-02: delete this line [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD.FORM finite,
;;so that "akan sudah", "akan harus" can be parsed.
modal_fut-aux-lex := subj-raise-aux-no-pred &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD.FORM finite,
VAL.COMPS.FIRST.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.E.TENSE future,
CAT.HEAD.FORM form ] ] ].
;; DVM 2015-05-09: subj-raise-aux-with-pred is commented out
;; DVM 2015-05-09: saya sedang "I am in the process of" is considered ungrammatical
;aspect_perf-aux-lex := subj-raise-aux-with-pred &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.E.ASPECT perf,
; CAT.VAL.COMPS.FIRST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.FORM form ] ].
;aspect_prog-aux-lex := subj-raise-aux-with-pred &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.E.ASPECT prog,
; CAT.VAL.COMPS.FIRST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.FORM form ] ].
modal-aux-lex := subj-raise-aux-with-pred &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.COMPS.FIRST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.FORM form ].
;modal-future-aux-lex := subj-raise-aux-with-pred &
; [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX.E.TENSE future,
; CAT.VAL.COMPS.FIRST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.FORM form ] ].
;;; Adjectives
basic-adjective-lex :+
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.SPR < [ LOCAL.CAT.HEAD adv ] > ].
;; DVM 2015-05-09: got from new grammar matrix in April 2015
;adj-lex := basic-int-mod-adj-lex.
; Stative predicate adjective definition
;; FCB & DVM 2016-02-10 : the predicative adjective was made as the basic
;; SSH & DVM 2016-02-17 : connect the argument one of adj complement with the noun subject
adj-adp-pred-lex := intransitive-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.VAL [ SUBJ < #subj &
[ LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX #x1,
CAT [ VAL [ SPR < >,
COMPS < > ],
HEAD subj-noun ] ] ] >,
COMPS < > ],
CONT.HOOK.XARG #x1 ],
ARG-ST.FIRST #subj ].
adjective-lex := adj-adp-pred-lex & basic-nomod-adj-lex.
;; DVM 2015-05-09: from the previous version of INDRA
;; FCB & DVM 2016-02-10 : adjective-lex was changed to adj-mod-lex
mod-attr-lex := intersective-mod-lex & norm-ltop-lex-item & intransitive-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD.MOD < [ LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD commonnoun,
VAL.SPR cons ]]>,
VAL [ SUBJ < >,
COMPS < >,
SPEC < > ],
POSTHEAD + ]]]].
adj-mod-lex := basic-adjective-lex & mod-attr-lex.
;; FCB & DVM 2016-02-10 : const-lex-rule copies the stems up, not changing the stem
;; FCB & DVM 2016-02-10 : a rule which changes predicative adjective to attributive adjective
adj-to-attr-rule := const-lex-rule &
same-cont-lex-rule &
same-ctxt-lex-rule &
same-agr-lex-rule &
adj-mod-lex &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD.MOD < [ LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX #x1 ] > ] ] ],
DTR adjective-lex &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ VAL [ SUBJ < [ LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX #x1 ] > ] ] ] ] ] ].
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
adjective-quant-lex := basic-nomod-adj-lex & intransitive-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CAT.VAL [ SUBJ < #subj &
[ LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK.INDEX #x1,
CAT [ VAL [ SPR < >,
COMPS < > ],
HEAD commonnoun ] ] ] >,
COMPS < > ],
CONT.HOOK.XARG #x1 ],
ARG-ST.FIRST #subj ].
;; DVM 2017-09-12: no information about POSTHEAD because "banyak" can appear before or after N
adj-mod-quant-lex := basic-adjective-lex & intersective-mod-lex & norm-ltop-lex-item & intransitive-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD.MOD < [ LOCAL.CAT [ HEAD commonnoun,
VAL.SPR cons ]]>,
VAL [ SUBJ < >,
COMPS < >,
SPEC < > ] ]]]].
adj-to-attr-quant-rule := const-lex-rule &
same-cont-lex-rule &
same-ctxt-lex-rule &
same-agr-lex-rule &
adj-mod-quant-lex &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD.MOD < [ LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX #x1 ] > ] ] ],
DTR adjective-quant-lex &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ VAL [ SUBJ < [ LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX #x1 ] > ] ] ] ] ] ].
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;; Numbers
;; DVM 2015-05-09: from Zhong
;adj :+ [ CARDINAL bool ].
;head-min :+ avm & [ CARDIN bool ].
;avm :+ [ CARDIN bool ].
card_rel := named_rel.
card-relation := arg1-relation & named-relation &
[ PRED card_rel ].
;adj-head-int-phrase :+
; [ HEAD-DTR.SYNSEM.L-PERIPH - ].
; DVM 2017-02-10 VAL.SPR < > not cons, if cons, there will be two parses for "dua apel merah"
; [[dua apel] merah] and [dua [apel merah]]
; if < >, only [dua [apel merah]] is parsed
; DVM 2017-02-21 added XARG and #xarg
; DVM 2017-03-03 added MODIFIED notmod-or-rmod & [ PERIPH na-or-+ ] based on erg/lextypes.tdl
; so that there will be no two parses for dua puluh dua buku: omit this [[dua puluh] [[dua] [buku]]]
; get only this [[dua puluh dua] [buku]]
; DVM 2018-12-13 change HEAD commonnoun to HEAD dependent-noun so that "dua Budi" can be parsed
a_-_num_le := single-rel-lex-item & basic-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD adj-number & [ MOD < [ MODIFIED notmod-or-rmod & [ PERIPH na-or-+ ],
; LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD dependent-noun & [ CARDIN - ],
LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD dependent-noun,
VAL.SPR cons ],
CONT.HOOK.INDEX #xarg & [ PNG.ANIMCOUNT countable ] ] ] > ],
VAL [ COMPS < >,
SPR < >,
SUBJ < > ],
POSTHEAD - ],
CONT [ HOOK [ LTOP #lbl,
XARG #xarg ],
RELS <! #rel !>,
HCONS <! !> ] ],
NON-LOCAL.SLASH 0-dlist,
LKEYS.KEYREL card-relation & #rel & [ LBL #lbl,
ARG1 #xarg ] ] ].
a_-_num-sg_le := a_-_num_le &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.MOD.FIRST.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM sg ].
a_-_num-pl_le := a_-_num_le &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.MOD.FIRST.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.PERNUM pl ].
;;; Classifiers
;; DVM 2017-02-21: added classifiers, based on Zhong
#|
basic-classifier-lex := norm-ltop-lex-item & single-rel-lex-item &
intersective-mod-lex & no-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD classifier &
[ KEYS.KEY #sense,
MOD < [ LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK [ INDEX #index,
LTOP #ltop ],
CAT [ HEAD noun & [ KEYS.KEY #sense ],
VAL.SPR < [] > ] ] ] > ],
VAL [ SPR < [ LOCAL [ CAT [ VAL [ COMPS < >,
SUBJ < > ],
HEAD num &
[ MOD < > ] ],
CONT.HOOK [ LTOP #ltop,
INDEX #index ]]]>,
SUBJ < >,
COMPS < > ],
POSTHEAD - ],
CONT.HOOK [ INDEX #index & ref-ind,
LTOP #ltop ] ],
NON-LOCAL.SLASH 0-dlist,
LKEYS.KEYREL [ PRED #sense,
ARG1 #index ] ] ].
|#
classifier := +jd.
basic-classifier-lex := norm-ltop-lex-item & single-rel-lex-item &
intersective-mod-lex & no-icons-lex-item &
[ SYNSEM [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD classifier &
[ KEYS.KEY #sense,
MOD < [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD commonnoun & [ KEYS.KEY #sense ],
VAL.SPR < [] > ] ] ] > ],
VAL [ COMPS < >,
SPR < [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD adj-number,
VAL [ COMPS < >,
SUBJ < > ] ],
CONT.HOOK [ LTOP #lbl,
XARG #xarg ] ] ] >,
SUBJ < > ] ],
CONT [ HOOK [ LTOP #lbl,
XARG #xarg ],
RELS <! #rel !>,
HCONS <! !> ] ],
NON-LOCAL.SLASH 0-dlist,
LKEYS.KEYREL #rel & [ LBL #lbl,
ARG1 #xarg ] ] ].
classifier-lex := basic-classifier-lex &
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.VAL.SPR < [ OPT - ] > ].
cl-inanim-le := classifier-lex &
"""
kata penggolong nomina tak bernyawa, untuk buah-buahan atau hal lain yang ada di luar golongan manusia dan binatang
<ex>sebuah apel
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.MOD.FIRST.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT inanimate ].
cl-nonhum-le := classifier-lex &
"""
kata penggolong nomina non-persona, untuk binatang
<ex>seekor kucing
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.MOD.FIRST.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT non-human ].
cl-hum-le := classifier-lex &
"""
kata penggolong nomina persona, untuk manusia
<ex>seorang guru
"""
[ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.MOD.FIRST.LOCAL.CONT.HOOK.INDEX.PNG.ANIMCOUNT human ].
#|
;;unary rule for num+cl -> n