diff --git a/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py b/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py
index 366007e8..dcee9d61 100644
--- a/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py
+++ b/src/OpenSSL/crypto.py
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ def deprecated(msg: str, **kwargs: object) -> Callable[[_T], _T]:
     "X509Extension",
     "X509Name",
     "X509Req",
+    "X509Purpose",
     "X509Store",
     "X509StoreContext",
     "X509StoreContextError",
@@ -1709,6 +1710,28 @@ class X509StoreFlags:
     PARTIAL_CHAIN: int = _lib.X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN
 
 
+class X509Purpose:
+    """
+    Enumeration of X509 purposes, e.g. used to set the purpose of a
+    :class:`X509Store`.
+
+    See `OpenSSL check purpose`_ for details.
+
+    .. _OpenSSL check purpose:
+        https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_check_purpose.html
+    """
+
+    X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT
+    X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER
+    X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER
+    X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN
+    X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT
+    X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN
+    X509_PURPOSE_ANY = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_ANY
+    X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER
+    X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN = _lib.X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN
+
+
 class X509Store:
     """
     An X.509 store.
@@ -1827,6 +1850,18 @@ def set_time(self, vfy_time: datetime.datetime) -> None:
         )
         _openssl_assert(_lib.X509_STORE_set1_param(self._store, param) != 0)
 
+    def set_purpose(self, purpose):
+        """
+        Set purpose of this store.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 26.0.0
+
+        :param int flags: The verification flags to set on this store.
+            See :class:`X509StorePurposes` for available constants.
+        :return: ``None`` if the verification flags were successfully set.
+        """
+        _openssl_assert(_lib.X509_STORE_set_purpose(self._store, purpose) != 0)
+
     def load_locations(
         self,
         cafile: StrOrBytesPath | None,
diff --git a/tests/test_crypto.py b/tests/test_crypto.py
index 7b07b441..b602ed82 100644
--- a/tests/test_crypto.py
+++ b/tests/test_crypto.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     PKey,
     X509Extension,
     X509Name,
+    X509Purpose,
     X509Req,
     X509Store,
     X509StoreContext,
@@ -3007,6 +3008,7 @@ class TestCRL:
     intermediate_server_key = load_privatekey(
         FILETYPE_PEM, intermediate_server_key_pem
     )
+    server_cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, server_cert_pem)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _make_test_crl_cryptography(
@@ -3069,7 +3071,33 @@ def test_verify_with_revoked(self) -> None:
             store_ctx.verify_certificate()
         assert str(err.value) == "certificate revoked"
 
-    def test_verify_with_missing_crl(self) -> None:
+    def test_verify_with_correct_purpose(self):
+        store = X509Store()
+        store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
+        store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
+        store.set_purpose(X509Purpose.X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER)
+
+        store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.server_cert)
+        store_ctx.verify_certificate()
+
+        # The intermediate server certificate has no EKU and so it is fit
+        # for any purpose
+        store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.intermediate_server_cert)
+        store_ctx.verify_certificate()
+
+    def test_verify_with_incorrect_purpose(self):
+        store = X509Store()
+        store.add_cert(self.root_cert)
+        store.add_cert(self.intermediate_cert)
+        store.set_purpose(X509Purpose.X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT)
+
+        store_ctx = X509StoreContext(store, self.server_cert)
+        with pytest.raises(X509StoreContextError) as err:
+            store_ctx.verify_certificate()
+
+        assert err.value.args[0] == "unsupported certificate purpose"
+
+    def test_verify_with_missing_crl(self):
         """
         `verify_certificate` raises error when an intermediate certificate's
         CRL is missing.