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preamble.tex
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\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{xspace}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multicol,caption}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{subfig}
\usepackage{mathabx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{mathbbol}
\usepackage{MnSymbol}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage[a4paper,width=170mm,top=18mm,bottom=22mm,includeheadfoot]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{nicefrac}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\usepackage{tikz}
\unitlength=1mm
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings,calc}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{pagecolor}
\usepackage{eso-pic}
\usepackage[math]{cellspace}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage[backend=biber,style=authoryear,autocite=inline]{biblatex}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{changepage}
\strictpagecheck
\addbibresource{biblio.bib}
\allowdisplaybreaks
\renewcommand\stacktype{L}
\renewcommand\stackgap{8pt}
\stackMath
\definecolor{verydarkgray}{gray}{0.15}
\definecolor{verylightgray}{gray}{0.85}
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
\makeatletter
\catcode`\¬=11
\newcommand{\superimpose}[2]{{%
\ooalign{%
\hfil$\m@th#1\@firstoftwo#2$\hfil\cr
\hfil$\m@th#1\@secondoftwo#2$\hfil\cr
}%
}}
\makeatother
\def\drawplusplus#1#2#3{\hbox to 0pt{\hbox to #1{\hfill\vrule height #3 depth
0pt width #2\hfill\vrule height #3 depth 0pt width #2\hfill
}}\vbox to #3{\vfill\hrule height #2 depth 0pt width
#1 \vfill}}
%Poor man's typography
\def\doubleplus{\mathrel{\drawplusplus {7pt}{0.6pt}{5pt}}}
\def\concat{\ensuremath{\frown}}
\def\seqminusl{\nwspoon}
\def\seqminusr{\sespoon}
\newcommand*\eg{e.g.\@\xspace}
\newcommand*\Eg{E.g.\@\xspace}
\newcommand*\ie{i.e.\@\xspace}
\newcommand*\Ie{I.e.\@\xspace}
\newcommand*\etc{\&c.\@\xspace}
\newcommand*\nb{\textsc{nb}\@\xspace}
\newcommand*\rem{\ \text{\scriptsize{\%}}\ }
\newcommand*\remainder{\text{\hspace{2pt}\footnotesize{\textsf{R}}\hspace{2pt}}}
\newcommand*\fold{\ \thicksim\mathchoice{\!\!\!\!\!\!\!}{\!\!\!\!\!\!}{\!\!\!\!\!\!}{\!\!\!\!\!\!}\int}
\newcommand*{\powset}[2][{}]{\wp\left\langle#2\right\rangle_{#1}}
\newcommand*{\sig}[2]{\mathbb{E}_{#1}\langle#2\rangle}
\newcommand*{\bandersnatch}[3]{\bar{\mathbb{F}}_{#1}^{#3}\langle#2\rangle}
\newcommand*{\bandersig}[3]{\mathbb{F}_{#1}^{#3}\langle#2\rangle}
\newcommand*{\banderout}[1]{\mathcal{Y}(#1)}
\newcommand*{\dict}[2]{\mathbb{D}\langle #1\to#2\rangle}
\newcommand*{\order}[1]{\left[#1\right]}
\newcommand*{\orderby}[2]{\left[#1\,\middle\lwavy\,#2\right]}
\newcommand*{\orderuniqby}[2]{\left[#1\,\middle\lWavy\,#2\right]}
\newcommand*{\token}[1]{\text{{\small \texttt{#1}}}}
\renewcommand*{\H}{\mathbb{H}}
\newcommand*{\N}{\mathbb{N}}
\newcommand*{\Y}{\mathbb{Y}}
\newcommand*{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}}
\newcommand*{\G}{\mathbb{G}}
\newcommand*{\orderedin}{\ensuremath{\mathrel{\mathrlap{<}{\scalebox{0.95}[1]{$-$}}}}}
\newcommand*{\using}{\text{let }}
\newcommand*{\where}{ \text{where }}
\newcommand*{\also}{ \text{and }}
\newcommand*{\otherwise}{\text{otherwise}}
\newcommand*{\otherwhen}{\text{otherwise if }}
\newcommand*{\when}{\text{if }}
\newcommand*{\exc}{\text{ except }}
\newcommand*{\oog}{\infty}
\newcommand*{\error}{\nabla}
\newcommand*{\panic}{\lightning}
\newcommand*{\host}{\hbar}
\newcommand*{\halt}{\blacksquare}
\newcommand*{\fault}{\text{\raisebox{6pt}{\rotatebox{180}{\textsf{F}}}}}
\newcommand*{\none}{\emptyset}
\newcommand*{\disjoint}{\downspoon}
\newcommand*{\Jam}{\raisebox{-1.2pt}{J}\textsc{am}\@\xspace}
\newcommand*{\suchthat}{\text{ such that }}
\newcommand*{\keys}[1]{\mathcal{K}(#1)}
\let\originalleft\left
\let\originalright\right
\renewcommand{\left}{\mathopen{}\mathclose\bgroup\originalleft}
\renewcommand{\right}{\aftergroup\egroup\originalright}
\newcommand*{\var}[1]{\left\updownarrow#1\right.\!}
\newcommand*{\maybe}[1]{\mathord{\text{¿}}#1}
\newcommand*{\se}{\mathcal{E}}
\newcommand*{\de}{\mathcal{E}^{-1}}
\newcommand*{\tricolon}{\!\mathrel{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip%
\hbox{\scalebox{0.5}[0.5]{${\scriptscriptstyle \blacktriangleright}$}}
\vskip.15ex
\hbox{\scalebox{0.5}[0.5]{${\scriptscriptstyle \blacktriangleright}$}}
}}}
\newcommand*{\is}[2]{#1\tricolon#2}
\newcommand*{\isa}[2]{#1\in #2}
\newcommand*{\ts}{,\,}
\newcommand*{\lseq}{\left\lsem}
\newcommand*{\rseq}{\right\rsem}
\newcommand*{\ltup}{\!\left\lgroup}
\newcommand*{\rtup}{\right\rgroup\!}
\newcommand*{\ltuple}{\!\left\lgroup}
\newcommand*{\rtuple}{\right\rgroup\!}
\newcommand*{\sq}[1]{\left[#1\right]}
\newcommand*{\seq}[1]{\lseq#1\rseq}
\newcommand*{\tup}[1]{\ltup#1\rtup}
\newcommand*{\tuple}[1]{\ltuple#1\rtuple}
\newcommand*{\floor}[1]{\left\lfloor#1\right\rfloor}
\newcommand*{\ceil}[1]{\left\lceil#1\right\rceil}
\newcommand*{\fnfrac}[2]{\left\lfloor\nicefrac{#1}{#2}\right\rfloor}
\newcommand*{\ffrac}[2]{\left\lfloor\frac{#1}{#2}\right\rfloor}
\newcommand*{\transpose}{{}^\text{T}}
% GP terms
\newcommand*{\goodset}{\psi_\mathbf{g}}
\newcommand*{\badset}{\psi_\mathbf{b}}
\newcommand*{\wonkyset}{\psi_\mathbf{w}}
\newcommand*{\offenders}{\psi_\mathbf{o}}
\newcommand*{\xttickets}{\mathbf{E}_T}
\newcommand*{\xtdisputes}{\mathbf{E}_D}
\newcommand*{\xtguarantees}{\mathbf{E}_G}
\newcommand*{\xtassurances}{\mathbf{E}_A}
\newcommand*{\xtpreimages}{\mathbf{E}_P}
\newcommand*{\jamdraftversion}{\input{VERSION}\!\!\!}
\newcommand*{\jamdraftversionstring}{\jamdraftversion}
\newcommand*{\makegpbackground}{
\AddToShipoutPicture{
\checkoddpage
\ifoddpage
\put(-1 mm,0){\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth,height=\paperheight]{assets/grayr.png}}
\else
\put(-1 mm,0){\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth,height=\paperheight]{assets/grayl.png}}
\fi
}
}
\input{context.tex}
\title[JAM: Join-Accumulate Machine \\ {\smaller \textbf{Draft \jamdraftversionstring\ \today}}]{Join-Accumulate Machine: A Semi-Coherent Scalable Trustless VM \\ {\smaller Draft \jamdraftversionstring\ \today}}
\author{
Dr. Gavin Wood\\
Founder, Polkadot \& Ethereum\\%, Parity, Web3 Foundation, Fellowship\\