给你二叉树的根节点 root
,返回它节点值的 前序 遍历。
示例 1:
输入:root = [1,null,2,3] 输出:[1,2,3]
示例 2:
输入:root = [] 输出:[]
示例 3:
输入:root = [1] 输出:[1]
示例 4:
输入:root = [1,2] 输出:[1,2]
示例 5:
输入:root = [1,null,2] 输出:[1,2]
提示:
- 树中节点数目在范围
[0, 100]
内 -100 <= Node.val <= 100
进阶:递归算法很简单,你可以通过迭代算法完成吗?
递归遍历或利用栈实现非递归遍历。
非递归的思路如下:
- 定义一个栈,先将根节点压入栈
- 若栈不为空,每次从栈中弹出一个节点
- 处理该节点
- 先把节点右孩子压入栈,接着把节点左孩子压入栈(如果有孩子节点)
- 重复 2-4
- 返回结果
递归:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def preorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
def preorder(root):
if root:
res.append(root.val)
preorder(root.left)
preorder(root.right)
res = []
preorder(root)
return res
非递归:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def preorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
res = []
if root:
s = [root]
while s:
node = s.pop()
res.append(node.val)
if node.right:
s.append(node.right)
if node.left:
s.append(node.left)
return res
递归:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode() {}
* TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = left;
* this.right = right;
* }
* }
*/
class Solution {
private List<Integer> res;
public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
res = new ArrayList<>();
preorder(root);
return res;
}
private void preorder(TreeNode root) {
if (root != null) {
res.add(root.val);
preorder(root.left);
preorder(root.right);
}
}
}
非递归:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode() {}
* TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = left;
* this.right = right;
* }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
Deque<TreeNode> s = new ArrayDeque<>();
s.push(root);
while (!s.isEmpty()) {
TreeNode node = s.pop();
res.add(node.val);
if (node.right != null) {
s.push(node.right);
}
if (node.left != null) {
s.push(node.left);
}
}
return res;
}
}