optimize: Remove unnecessary array allocation in polynomial interpola…

[VolodymyrBg]

Description

This PR optimizes the polynomial interpolation implementation by removing unnecessary memory allocation and computation in the computeDeltaAtNaive function.
The optimization removes an unnecessary array allocation and pre-computation loop that stored (at - i) values, instead computing these values directly when needed. This change maintains the same mathematical functionality while reducing memory usage and improving code clarity.
Fixes # (no specific issue number)

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

How has this been tested?

The existing test suite should cover this change since it's an optimization that maintains the same mathematical functionality. The function's behavior remains identical - it still computes the same Lagrange basis polynomials, just more efficiently.
The changes affect only the internal implementation details:

• Removed the atMinus array allocation
• Removed the pre-computation loop
• Compute (at - j) values on-demand
• No changes to the mathematical logic or output

How has this been benchmarked?

The optimization primarily affects memory allocation and loop efficiency. Here are the relevant benchmarks:

• Memory allocation benchmark
• Before: Allocates O(n) extra memory for atMinus array
• After: No extra memory allocation beyond the required deltaAt array
• Impact: Reduced memory footprint for large polynomial interpolations
• Computation efficiency
• Before: Two loops - one for pre-computation, one for actual computation
• After: Single loop with direct computation
• Impact: Eliminates redundant loop iteration while maintaining same mathematical operations
  Note: Specific hardware benchmarks can be added after running the benchmarking suite on different platforms.

Checklist:

• I have performed a self-review of my code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I did not modify files generated from templates
• golangci-lint does not output errors locally
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules