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globalcarbonbudget.html

@@ -743,7 +743,8 @@ <h2 data-number="3.3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="sec-gcb"><span class="hea
 <span id="cb1-124"><a href="#cb1-124" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="at">legend.box =</span> <span class="st">"vertical"</span></span>
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-<span id="cb1-127"><a href="#cb1-127" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(here<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"book/images/globalcarbonbudget.png"</span>), <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
+<span id="cb1-127"><a href="#cb1-127" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(here<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"book/images/globalcarbonbudget.png"</span>), <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>)</span>
+<span id="cb1-128"><a href="#cb1-128" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(here<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">here</span>(<span class="st">"book/images/globalcarbonbudget.pdf"</span>), <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">6</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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globalcarbonpatterns.html

@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ <h3 data-number="6.2.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="leaf-unfolding"><span c
 <section id="leaf-senescence" class="level3" data-number="6.2.2">
 <h3 data-number="6.2.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="leaf-senescence"><span class="header-section-number">6.2.2</span> Leaf senescence</h3>
 <p>Leaf senescence in temperate and boreal deciduous forests is - similarly as leaf unfolding - a strategy to avoid stress and damage by low temperatures in winter. Before <em>leaf abscission</em> (leaf shedding), the leaf nutrients are resorbed and photosynthetic activity starts declining. Leaves are rich in nutrients. A large fraction of nutrients contained in leaf biomass, in particular nitrogen (N), is linked to photosynthesis - mostly Rubisco. These nutrients are re-mobilised before leaf abscission and resorbed into plant-internal storage compartments. Thereby, the loss of “costly” nutrients can be avoided. A side effect of the nutrient resorption is the change of the leaf color to yellow, reddish, or brown.</p>
-<p>Environmental controls on leaf senescence are not the same as for leaf unfolding and vary between tree species. Model predictability for leaf senescence dates is generally lower than for leaf unfolding dates, observed global trends are less clear <span class="citation" data-cites="piao19">(<a href="references.html#ref-piao19" role="doc-biblioref">Piao et al. 2019</a>)</span>, and drivers less well understood <span class="citation" data-cites="richardson13">(<a href="references.html#ref-richardson13" role="doc-biblioref">Richardson et al. 2013</a>)</span> than for spring phenology. Photoperiod and temperature are considered important abiotic controls on leaf senescence dates. While photoperiod sets the induction of the end-of-season phenology, temperature modulates its progression with cold temperatures accelerating leaf senescence <span class="citation" data-cites="koernerbasler10">(<a href="references.html#ref-koernerbasler10" role="doc-biblioref">Christian Körner and David Basler 2010</a>)</span>. Also, the timing of leaf unfolding can appear to affect the timing of leaf senescence [<span class="citation" data-cites="keenan15">Keenan and Richardson (<a href="references.html#ref-keenan15" role="doc-biblioref">2015</a>)</span>; marques23natee]. An earlier leaf unfolding in spring appears to induce an earlier leaf senescence in autumn. Processes driving this pattern may be related to cell aging and a conserved leaf longevity, but may also be related to the ecosystem water balance and premature defoliation as a response to dry soil conditions (after vegetation has started consuming water earlier in spring).</p>
+<p>Environmental controls on leaf senescence are not the same as for leaf unfolding and vary between tree species. Model predictability for leaf senescence dates is generally lower than for leaf unfolding dates, observed global trends are less clear <span class="citation" data-cites="piao19">(<a href="references.html#ref-piao19" role="doc-biblioref">Piao et al. 2019</a>)</span>, and drivers less well understood <span class="citation" data-cites="richardson13">(<a href="references.html#ref-richardson13" role="doc-biblioref">Richardson et al. 2013</a>)</span> than for spring phenology. Photoperiod and temperature are considered important abiotic controls on leaf senescence dates. While photoperiod sets the induction of the end-of-season phenology, temperature modulates its progression with cold temperatures accelerating leaf senescence <span class="citation" data-cites="koernerbasler10">(<a href="references.html#ref-koernerbasler10" role="doc-biblioref">Christian Körner and David Basler 2010</a>)</span>. Also, the timing of leaf unfolding can appear to affect the timing of leaf senescence <span class="citation" data-cites="keenan15 marques23natee">(<a href="references.html#ref-keenan15" role="doc-biblioref">Keenan and Richardson 2015</a>; <a href="references.html#ref-marques23natee" role="doc-biblioref">Marqués et al. 2023</a>)</span>. An earlier leaf unfolding in spring appears to induce an earlier leaf senescence in autumn. Processes driving this pattern may be related to cell aging and a conserved leaf longevity, but may also be related to the ecosystem water balance and premature defoliation as a response to dry soil conditions (after vegetation has started consuming water earlier in spring).</p>
 </section>
 <section id="phenology-trends-and-spatial-patterns" class="level3" data-number="6.2.3">
 <h3 data-number="6.2.3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="phenology-trends-and-spatial-patterns"><span class="header-section-number">6.2.3</span> Phenology trends and spatial patterns</h3>
@@ -1247,6 +1247,9 @@ <h3 data-number="6.4.5" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="sec-permafrost"><span c
 <div id="ref-macdonald00qr" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
 MacDonald, Glen M., Andrei A. Velichko, Constantine V. Kremenetski, Olga K. Borisova, Aleksandra A. Goleva, Andrei A. Andreev, Les C. Cwynar, et al. 2000. <span>“Holocene <span>Treeline</span> <span>History</span> and <span>Climate</span> <span>Change</span> <span>Across</span> <span>Northern</span> <span>Eurasia</span>.”</span> <em>Quaternary Research</em> 53 (3): 302–11. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2123">https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2123</a>.
 </div>
+<div id="ref-marques23natee" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
+Marqués, Laura, Koen Hufkens, Christof Bigler, Thomas W. Crowther, Constantin M. Zohner, and Benjamin D. Stocker. 2023. <span>“Acclimation of Phenology Relieves Leaf Longevity Constraints in Deciduous Forests.”</span> <em>Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution</em>, January, 1–7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01946-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01946-1</a>.
+</div>
 <div id="ref-muller20bg" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
 Müller, Jurek, and Fortunat Joos. 2020. <span>“Global Peatland Area and Carbon Dynamics from the <span>Last</span> <span>Glacial</span> <span>Maximum</span> to the Present – a Process-Based Model Investigation.”</span> <em>Biogeosciences</em> 17 (21): 5285–5308. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5285-2020">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5285-2020</a>.
 </div>