[SDK] Implement spec: MetricFilter

[IcySteam]

Fixes #2447

Changes

This PR implements the MetricFilter spec in opentelemetry-cpp.

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed
  • MetricProducer::MetricProducer
  • MetricCollector::MetricCollector
  • MeterContext::AddMetricReader
  • MeterProvider::AddMetricReader

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: IcySteam / name: IcySteam (7b19eb4)

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	7b19eb4
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/sites/opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs/deploys/678b41405ed0230008f47134

[marcalff]

@IcySteam

Thanks for the PR.

Please remember to sign the EasyCLA, so this PR can be processed.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.03922% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 87.86%. Comparing base (d19eb32) to head (7b19eb4).
Report is 8 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sdk/src/metrics/state/metric_collector.cc	97.06%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3235      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   88.16%   87.86%   -0.30%     
==========================================
  Files         198      199       +1     
  Lines        6224     6346     +122     
==========================================
+ Hits         5487     5575      +88     
- Misses        737      771      +34     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...e/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/export/metric_filter.h	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/export/metric_producer.h	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/state/metric_collector.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
sdk/src/metrics/meter_context.cc	76.06% <100.00%> (ø)
sdk/src/metrics/meter_provider.cc	86.85% <100.00%> (-0.33%)	⬇️
sdk/src/metrics/state/metric_collector.cc	91.53% <97.06%> (+4.43%)	⬆️

... and 10 files with indirect coverage changes

[lalitb]

@IcySteam Thanks for the PR. I believe you are working to get the CLA signed, as the PR can't be reviewed without that.

[IcySteam]

Thanks for the reminder @marcalff and @lalitb, CLA signing should be all done now.