Add node index validation to `detail::graph::optimize` #1829

Job	Run time
check-nightly-ci	6s
changed-files / Check changed files	6s
devcontainer / amd64, 12.5, conda	13m 16s
devcontainer / amd64, 12.5, pip	13m 16s
checks / check-style	2m 5s
checks / other-checks	31s
conda-cpp-build / compute-matrix	2s
wheel-build-cuvs / compute-matrix	3s
conda-cpp-build / 11.8.0, 3.10, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 58s
conda-cpp-build / 12.5.1, 3.10, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 27s
conda-cpp-build / 11.8.0, 3.10, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 58s
conda-cpp-build / 12.5.1, 3.10, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 28s
wheel-build-cuvs / 11.8.0, 3.10, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 12.5.1, 3.10, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 11.8.0, 3.11, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 25s
wheel-build-cuvs / 12.5.1, 3.11, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 11.8.0, 3.12, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 12.5.1, 3.12, amd64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 11.8.0, 3.10, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 12.5.1, 3.10, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 11.8.0, 3.11, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 26s
wheel-build-cuvs / 12.5.1, 3.11, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 26s
wheel-build-cuvs / 11.8.0, 3.12, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 24s
wheel-build-cuvs / 12.5.1, 3.12, arm64, rockylinux8	10m 26s
wheel-tests-cuvs	1s
conda-cpp-checks	1s
conda-cpp-tests	1s
rust-build	1s
conda-python-build	1s
docs-build	1s
conda-python-tests	1s
pr-builder / run	1s
	3h 17m 19s

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