feat: batched KZG

[ivokub]

This PR is #906, but rebased on top of #900 and #901.

[github-actions]

📦 github.com/consensys/gnark/std/commitments/kzg
❌ TestKZGVerificationTwoChain 10ms

    verifier_test.go:222: 
        	Error Trace:	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/commitments/kzg/verifier_test.go:222
        	Error:      	Received unexpected error:
        	            	unknown type parametrization
        	Test:       	TestKZGVerificationTwoChain

❌ TestKZGVerificationTwoChain2 10ms

    verifier_test.go:266: 
        	Error Trace:	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/commitments/kzg/verifier_test.go:266
        	Error:      	Received unexpected error:
        	            	unknown type parametrization
        	Test:       	TestKZGVerificationTwoChain2

[ivokub]

@ThomasPiellard set you as a reviewer for this PR. It is checked on my side and looks good to me. It doesn't differ significantly from #906, but I simplified a bit (for example the shorthash initialisation etc.). I still have some ideas on how to make the implementation a bit cleaner, but I would do it in other PRs to avoid creating merge conflicts with @yelhousni work.

However, it is rebased on top of #901, so we should merge that before this one.

[github-actions]

📦 github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated
❌ TestInverse 0s

❌ TestInverse/Goldilocks/limb=64 0s

❌ TestInverse/Goldilocks/limb=64/bn254 0s

panic: test timed out after 30m0s
running tests:
	TestInverse (30m0s)
	TestInverse/Goldilocks/limb=64 (30m0s)
	TestInverse/Goldilocks/limb=64/bn254 (30m0s)

goroutine 293 [running]:
testing.(*M).startAlarm.func1()
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:2259 +0x3b9
created by time.goFunc
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/time/sleep.go:176 +0x2d

goroutine 1 [chan receive, 29 minutes]:
testing.(*T).Run(0xc0000d7040, {0xeb1d2c?, 0x51fadc?}, 0xf168c0)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1649 +0x3c8
testing.runTests.func1(0x155bd00?)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:2054 +0x3e
testing.tRunner(0xc0000d7040, 0xc0001b5c48)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1595 +0xff
testing.runTests(0xc0001a5180?, {0x15528c0, 0x1d, 0x1d}, {0x4182bf?, 0xc0001b5d08?, 0x155a3e0?})
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:2052 +0x445
testing.(*M).Run(0xc0001a5180)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1925 +0x636
main.main()
	_testmain.go:109 +0x19c

goroutine 287 [chan receive, 29 minutes]:
testing.(*T).Run(0xc000102d00, {0xc0000321e0?, 0xc0003376d0?}, 0xc0002625d0)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1649 +0x3c8
github.com/consensys/gnark/test.(*Assert).Run(0xc000337718, 0xc0002625c0, {0xc000337728?, 0x39?, 0x5ad?})
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/test/assert.go:64 +0x99
github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated.testInverse[...](0xc000102d00)
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/math/emulated/element_test.go:403 +0x107
github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated.TestInverse(0x1ba?)
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/math/emulated/element_test.go:392 +0x25
testing.tRunner(0xc000102d00, 0xf168c0)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1595 +0xff
created by testing.(*T).Run in goroutine 1
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1648 +0x3ad

goroutine 288 [chan receive, 29 minutes]:
testing.(*T).Run(0xc000102ea0, {0xc0003b6c28?, 0xc000086cc8?}, 0xc000262670)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1649 +0x3c8
github.com/consensys/gnark/test.(*Assert).Run(0xc000262630, 0xc0002b2480, {0xc000086e08?, 0x151132c?, 0x2?})
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/test/assert.go:64 +0x99
github.com/consensys/gnark/test.(*Assert).CheckCircuit(0xc00058ed80?, {0x1005c00?, 0xc0000a2320}, {0xc000086e88, 0x1, 0x1})
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/test/assert_checkcircuit.go:39 +0x168
github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated.testInverse[...].func1()
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/math/emulated/element_test.go:409 +0x2bd
github.com/consensys/gnark/test.(*Assert).Run.func1(0xc000102ea0)
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/test/assert.go:66 +0xa7
testing.tRunner(0xc000102ea0, 0xc0002625d0)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1595 +0xff
created by testing.(*T).Run in goroutine 287
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1648 +0x3ad

goroutine 289 [runnable]:
internal/reflectlite.rtype.Elem({0xdb0be0?})
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/internal/reflectlite/type.go:323 +0x3c
errors.As({0x1005740, 0xc0004796b0}, {0xdb0be0?, 0xc0002b26c0})
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/errors/wrap.go:105 +0x1a5
github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated.(*Field[...]).reduceAndOp(0x101b640?, 0xc0000d3b58, 0xc0000d3b40, 0xc0000a2550, 0x0)
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/math/emulated/field_ops.go:402 +0xe6
github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated.(*Field[...]).Inverse(0x10140d8?, 0xc0000c0210?)
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/math/emulated/field_ops.go:44 +0x7b
github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated.(*InverseCircuit[...]).Define(0x1007c00, {0x10140d8, 0xc0000c0210?})
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/std/math/emulated/element_test.go:386 +0x65
github.com/consensys/gnark/test.IsSolved({0x1005c00, 0xc0000a2320}, {0x1005c00, 0xc0000a2370}, 0xc00058f0a0, {0x0, 0x0, 0x0?})
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/test/engine.go:131 +0x445
github.com/consensys/gnark/test.(*Assert).CheckCircuit.func1(0x0?)
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/test/assert_checkcircuit.go:49 +0x29b
github.com/consensys/gnark/test.(*Assert).Run.func1(0xc000103040)
	/home/runner/work/gnark/gnark/test/assert.go:66 +0xa7
testing.tRunner(0xc000103040, 0xc000262670)
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1595 +0xff
created by testing.(*T).Run in goroutine 288
	/opt/hostedtoolcache/go/1.21.3/x64/src/testing/testing.go:1648 +0x3ad